Effect of vitamin D3 metabolites on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in chick embryos

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. E281-E285 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hart ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Total Body Calcium ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

The biochemical nature of the physiological defect found in chick embryos from hens supported on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D is described. Vitamin D-deficient hens (44-wk-old) were divided into six groups of five and dosed daily for 19 wk with either 2.0 micrograms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 2.0 micrograms of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, 0.4 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 2.0 micrograms of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 0.4 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 plus 2.0 micrograms of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or vehicle only. Normal embryonic development was found in eggs from hens given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, whereas embryos from hens given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or their combination were abnormal and failed to hatch. Embryos from hens fed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and/or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 had vitamin D deficiency: low bone ash, low plasma calcium, low total body calcium, and extremely high plasma phosphorus. Because the shell is the major source of calcium for the developing embryo, calcium transport from the shell to the embryos across the chorioallantoic membrane apparently fails, giving rise to the observed defects in embryonic development.

Effects of vitamin D and diet magnesium on magnesium metabolism

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. E515-E523 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Levine ◽  
N. Brautbar ◽  
M. W. Walling ◽  
D. B. Lee ◽  
J. W. Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Magnesium Metabolism ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Effects of 6-9 days of vitamin D3 (D3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], or 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,24,25(OH)3D3] on Mg metabolism were studied in vitamin D-deficient (-D) rats. Mg absorption expressed as percent intake increased with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,24,25(OH)3D3. Urinary Mg (UMg) increased with no change in serum Mg (SMg) or Mg balance. 1,25(OH)2D3 was threefold more potent than 1,24,25(OH)3D3 in raising serum Ca and Mg absorption. In a separate experiment in pair-fed rats given D3, 1,25-(OH)2D3, or 1,24,25(OH)3D3, the diet contained either 0.03 or 0.2% Mg; 1,25(OH)2D3 and D3 lowered SMg after 3 days; UMg increased after 24 h to remain elevated. D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 augmented Mg absorption; feeding 0.2% Mg lowered Mg absorption in -D animals. All sterols augmented Mg absorption in -D rats; both the earlier action of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,24,25(OH)3D3 suggests that 1-hydroxylation is necessary. Suppressed Mg absorption with 0.2% Mg in -D rats suggests two transport processes, with one vitamin D dependent. Higher UMg with decreased SMg with 1,25(OH)2D3 suggests reduced tubular reabsorption.

The Effect of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites on Fracture Repair in Chicks

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dekel ◽  
R. Salama ◽  
S. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Torsional Stress ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

1. One-day-old chicks were depleted of vitamin D. At 3 weeks their right tibiae, and those of a control group given vitamin D3, were fractured and pinned. After fracture the controls were kept on vitamin D3. Another group was left vitamin D-deficient. The remaining depleted chicks, divided into four groups, were given vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] or a combination of 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. 2. The callus obtained after 9 and 14 days was subjected to torsional stress. The callus of chicks given vitamin D continuously showed the greatest resistance, whereas that of vitamin D-deficient chicks showed the smallest resistance. Repletion with either vitamin D3 or its metabolites increased the strength of the callus. Repletion with the combination of 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 produced the most marked results, in that the callus was even stronger than that of chicks replete with vitamin D3. 3. It is concluded that 24,25(OH)2D3 is essential for bone formation in addition to the known active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3, and the possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Intestinal metabolism and portal venous transport of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3, and vitamin D3 in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. G633-G638 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. McDonald ◽  
K. H. Lau ◽  
A. L. Schy ◽  
J. E. Wergedal ◽  
D. J. Baylink
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intestinal Metabolism ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Polar Metabolites

We compared the intestinal absorption of three vitamin D3 sterols and tested the hypothesis that the intestine hydroxylates absorbed vitamin D and transports polar metabolites in portal venous blood. Micellar solutions containing 50 nmol of a radiolabeled vitamin D3 sterol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or vitamin D3) were placed in closed jejunal segments of rats prepared with lymphatic and mesenteric venous fistulas. Venous blood loss was replaced by infusion of donor rat blood into the saphenous vein. After 1-2 h the rats were killed, and intestinal homogenates, mesenteric blood, and lymph were analyzed. The average rate of absorption of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] was two- and fivefold higher than that of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and vitamin D3 (D3), respectively. Transport of hydroxylated vitamin D sterols was primarily via the venous route; the average rate of venous transport of 1,25(OH)2D3 was 18.3 X 10(2) nmol X min-1 X g-1 compared with 8.8 X 10(2) for 25(OH)D3 and 0.13 X 10(2) for D3. High-performance liquid chromatography of intestinal and plasma extracts revealed that there was 25-hydroxylation of absorbed D3, 24- and putative 1-hydroxylation of absorbed 25(OH)D3, and prompt portal venous transport of all hydroxylated metabolites. When 1,25(OH)2D3 was infused into the lumen, the composition of radiolabeled sterols found in intestinal homogenates and mesenteric venous plasma was virtually identical to that of the infusate. These studies provide in vivo evidence for the intestinal metabolism of pharmacological quantities of absorbed vitamin D3 sterols and the prompt portal venous transport of more polar metabolites.

scholarly journals Cathelicidin, vitamin D3 dan imunitas terhadap tuberkulosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Arliny ◽  
Maryatun Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Natural Defense

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menjadi masalah di dunia. Risiko untuk mendapatkan infeksi TB dipengaruhi oleh imunitas alamiah melawan mikobakteria. Peptida antimikroba merupakan salah satu barrier pertahanan alamiah. Cathelicidin adalah suatu peptida anti mikroba yang berperan pada proses imunitas terhadap TB. Cathelicidin Leusin Leusin-37 (LL-37) merupakan satu-satunya cathelicidin yang ada pada manusia dan dapat diekspresikan dari beberapa sel temasuk sel imun. Inducer Cathelicidin yang paling poten adalah 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 yang merupakan bentuk aktif vitamin D 25(OH)D3. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas tentang cathelicidin, vitamin D3 dam peranannya pada imunitas terhadap TB.Kata kunci: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)2D3, imunitas, TuberkulosisAbstract. Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The susceptibility to this disease depends to great extent on the innate immune response against mycobacteria. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the natural defense barriers. Cathelicidin Leucine Leucine-37 (LL-37) is the only cathelicidin present in humans and synthesized by several cells including immune cells. The most effective inducer of Cathelicidin is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3), which is an active form of vitamin D 25(OH)D3. This review discusses cathelicidin, vitamin D3 and its role in immunity against TBKeywords: Cathelicidin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D 25(OH)D3, immunity, Tuberkulosis

1- but not 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D is required for skeletal mineralization in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. E298-E304
Author(s):  
R. Brommage ◽  
K. Jarnagin ◽  
H. F. DeLuca ◽  
S. Yamada ◽  
H. Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

To evaluate the importance of 1- and 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on skeletal mineralization, male and female rats from vitamin D-deficient mothers were administered from weaning either 100 pmol/day of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 50 pmol/day of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 100 pmol/day of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D. A separate group of rats did not receive any vitamin D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 was given by constant infusion at a dose that normalized plasma calcium concentrations and produced normal body weight gains. Skeletal mineralization was studied by determining femur organic and ash weights. Femurs were obtained from male rats 6 wk after weaning, from female rats at conception, at the end of lactation, and 6 wk after lactation, and from weanling pups born to the female rats. No striking differences in femur organic and ash weights were found between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 groups and either the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group or the 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 group, whereas the vitamin D-deficient rats had poorly mineralized femurs. These results indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at a lower dose is as fully active as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in promoting skeletal mineralization in the rat and that preventing the 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by administering 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 does not elicit any obvious skeletal abnormality, especially on mineralization.

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