Sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue in lactating mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. E515-E520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trayhurn ◽  
M. C. Wusteman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Peak Lactation

Sympathetic activity has been assessed, by measurements of norepinephrine turnover, in interscapular brown adipose tissue of mice during lactation. Norepinephrine turnover was reduced in brown adipose tissue from early lactation until weaning. The reduction in turnover occurred in dams suckling either large-or small-sized litters. Norepinephrine turnover returned to the control level after natural weaning and increased rapidly after abrupt weaning at peak lactation. Acute exposure to cold resulted in a large increase in norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of lactating mice, as in control animals. These results indicate that sympathetic activity is suppressed in brown adipose tissue during lactation, but sympathetic responsiveness is retained. The reduction in sympathetic activity is likely to be responsible for the decrease in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in lactation. Norepinephrine turnover in the heart tended to be reduced at peak lactation, suggesting that there may be a general decrease in sympathetic activity in the lactating animal. In contrast to the normal animal, the hyperphagia of lactation does not lead to an activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

scholarly journals Stimulatory, but not anxiogenic, doses of caffeine act centrally to activate interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in anesthetized male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Van Schaik ◽  
C. Kettle ◽  
R. Green ◽  
W. Sievers ◽  
M. W. Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

AbstractThe role of central orexin in the sympathetic control of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis has been established in rodents. Stimulatory doses of caffeine activate orexin positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, a region of the brain implicated in stimulating BAT thermogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that central administration of caffeine is sufficient to activate BAT. Low doses of caffeine administered either systemically (intravenous [IV]; 10 mg/kg) and centrally (intracerebroventricular [ICV]; 5–10 μg) increases BAT thermogenesis, in anaesthetised (1.5 g/kg urethane, IV) free breathing male rats. Cardiovascular function was monitored via an indwelling intra-arterial cannula and exhibited no response to the caffeine. Core temperature did not significantly differ after administration of caffeine via either route of administration. Caffeine administered both IV and ICV increased neuronal activity, as measured by c-Fos-immunoreactivity within subregions of the hypothalamic area, previously implicated in regulating BAT thermogenesis. Significantly, there appears to be no neural anxiety response to the low dose of caffeine as indicated by no change in activity in the basolateral amygdala. Having measured the physiological correlate of thermogenesis (heat production) we have not measured indirect molecular correlates of BAT activation. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that caffeine, at stimulatory doses, acting via the central nervous system can increase thermogenesis, without adverse cardio-dynamic impact.

Diet, lighting, and food intake affect norepinephrine turnover in dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R402-R408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of dietary fat content, lighting cycle, and feeding time on norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and pancreas, and on blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, serum glucose, insulin, and corticosterone have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to dietary obesity, have a more rapid turnover of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart and a greater increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in brown fat when eating a high-fat diet than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. Light cycle and feeding schedule are important modulators of sympathetic activity in heart and pancreas but not in brown fat. Rats of the resistant strain also have higher blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower insulin and corticosterone levels than do rats of the susceptible strain. A high-fat diet increases 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and reduces insulin levels in both strains. These studies show, in rats eating a high-fat diet, that differences in norepinephrine turnover, particularly in brown adipose tissue, may play an important role in whether dietary obesity develops and in the manifestations of resistance to this phenomenon observed in the S 5B/Pl rat.

Catecholamine turnover in S 5B/P1 and Osborne-Mendel rats: response to a high-fat diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R290-R295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
G. A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Catecholamine Turnover ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose

Catecholamine turnover in response to fasting, cold exposure, and a high-fat diet has been measured in the Osborne-Mendel rat, which readily develops obesity when fed a high-fat diet, and the S 5B/P1 rat, which does not. We have tested the hypothesis that this difference in response to diet might be associated with altered rates of norepinephrine or epinephrine turnover. The endogenous norepinephrine concentration in interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly greater in fasted S 5B/P1 rats than in fasted Osborne-Mendel rats. The fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue of fasted animals was also greater in the S 5B/P1 rat than in the Osborne-Mendel rat. Cold exposure increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue for both strains of rats but increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in the pancreas in only the Osborne-Mendel rats. The turnover of epinephrine and the adrenal concentration of this hormone were not different between the two strains. Normal and high-fat diets were fed to both strains; the Osborne-Mendel rats were pair fed the high-fat diet to prevent excess weight gain. Endogenous concentrations of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue was increased by the high-fat diet; the increase was greater in S 5B/P1 rats. The high-fat diet resulted in increased norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the S 5B/P1 rat but not the Osborne-Mendel rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

NO modulates the molecular basis of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Petrović ◽  
Biljana Buzadžić ◽  
Aleksandra Korać ◽  
Ana Vasilijević ◽  
Aleksandra Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Sympathoadrenal system and regulation of thermogenesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. E181-E189 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Landsberg ◽  
M. E. Saville ◽  
J. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a critical role in the regulation of mammalian thermogenic responses to cold exposure and dietary intake. Catecholamine-stimulated thermogenesis is mediated by the beta-adrenergic receptor. In the rat brown adipose tissue is the major site of metabolic heat production in response to both cold (nonshivering thermogenesis) and diet (diet-induced thermogenesis). Measurements of norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the rat demonstrate increased sympathetic activity in response to both cold exposure and overfeeding. In adult humans, a physiologically significant role for brown adipose tissue has not been established but cannot be excluded. It appears likely that dietary changes in SNS activity are related, at least in part, to the changes in metabolic rate that occur in association with changes in dietary intake.

scholarly journals Melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA expressed in sympathetic outflow neurons to brown adipose tissue: neuroanatomical and functional evidence

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. R417-R428 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kay Song ◽  
Cheryl H. Vaughan ◽  
Erin Keen-Rhinehart ◽  
Ruth B. S. Harris ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose

A precise understanding of neural circuits controlling lipid mobilization and thermogenesis remains to be determined. We have been studying the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contributions to white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis largely in Siberian hamsters. Central melanocortins are implicated in the control of the sympathetic outflow to WAT, and, moreover, the melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4-R) appear to be principally involved. We previously found that acute third ventricular melanotan II (MTII; an MC3/4-R agonist) injections increase sympathetic drive (norepinephrine turnover) to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and IBAT temperature. Here we tested whether MC4-R mRNA is expressed in IBAT SNS outflow neurons using in situ hybridization for the former and injections of the transneuronal viral retrograde tract tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV) into IBAT, for the latter. Significant numbers of double-labeled cells for PRV and MC4-R mRNA were found across the neuroaxis (mean of all brain sites ∼60%), including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH; ∼80%). Acute parenchymal MTII microinjections into the PVH of awake, freely-moving hamsters, using doses below those able to increase IBAT temperature when injected into the third ventricle, increased IBAT temperature for as long as 4 h, as measured by temperature transponders implanted below the tissue. Collectively, these data add significant support to the view that central melanocortins are important in controlling IBAT thermogenesis via the SNS innervation of this tissue, likely through the MC4-Rs.

The central efferent mechanism of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by preoptic cooling

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Imai-Matsumura ◽  
Teruo Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Anterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Lidocaine Injection ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
The Mean

This study was performed to investigate central efferent mechanisms for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. In unanesthetized rats, the effects of local anesthesia of the ventromedial hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamus were observed on the brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by preoptic cooling. Rats had a thermode, thermocouple, and bilateral injection cannulae chronically implanted in the hypothalamus and a thermocouple beneath the interscapular brown adipose tissue. The experiments were done at an ambient temperature of 24–25 °C. Preoptic cooling increased brown adipose tissue and colonic temperatures without shivering. Injecting lidocaine bilaterally into the ventromedial hypothalamus during preoptic cooling reduced brown adipose tissue temperature (Tbat). The mean maximum decrease of Tbat was 0.51 ± 0.26 °C and occurred 5–8 min after lidocaine injection. When lidocaine was injected into the anterior hypothalamus, Tbat increased. The mean maximum increase of Tbat was 0.85 ± 0.29 °C and occurred 4–9 min after lidocaine injection. In the lateral hypothalamus, lidocaine had no effect on Tbat∙Tbat was not influenced by injection of saline into the ventromedial, anterior, or lateral hypothalamus. The efferent pathway from preoptic to brown adipose tissue may thus traverse the medial part of hypothalamus. The ventromedial hypothalamus facilititates and anterior hypothalamus inhibits brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by preoptic cooling.

Energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during pregnancy in Syrian hamsters

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. R845-R850 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Wade ◽  
G. Jennings ◽  
P. Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Circulating Levels

Energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis were examined during pregnancy in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Neither estrous cycles nor pregnancy had any effect on food intake, but both were accompanied by significant changes in body weight. Despite their substantial weight gains (attributable to growth of fetuses and placentas), pregnant hamsters actually lost a mean of 48 kJ in carcass energy, whereas unmated controls gained 98 kJ over the same 15 days. During pregnancy hamsters exhibited an increase in protein deposition (almost entirely in the fetuses and placentas), but they lost nearly 40% of their body lipid. An apparent increase in energy expenditure occurred despite a highly significant decrease in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during pregnancy. By day 15 of pregnancy (within 13 h of expected parturition) there were substantial decreases in interscapular brown adipose tissue weight (-59%), protein content (-54%), and cytochrome-c oxidase activity (-69%). These changes in brown adipose tissue were evident by day 4 of pregnancy and persisted through lactation. It is suggested that this suppression of brown adipose tissue function is due to increased circulating levels of prolactin and subsequently to the nutritional stress of conceptus growth in the absence of an increase in food intake.

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