Release of ANP and its physiological role in pulmonary injury due to HCl

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. R690-R696 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wakabayashi ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
N. Aikawa ◽  
M. Naruse ◽  
O. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Acid Aspiration

The effect of pulmonary injury induced by aspiration of HCl on plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) level was examined in rats given a constant infusion of water and electrolytes. In addition, using specific antiserum against ANP, we investigated the physiological role of ANP in rats after HCl aspiration. Rats were housed individually in metabolic cages and were given a constant infusion of sodium solution via catheters chronically inserted into the jugular vein. Plasma ANP levels were elevated at 3 and 24 h after tracheal injection of 0.2 ml of 0.1 N HCl via the cricothyroid membrane. Urine volume and urinary sodium excretion increased during the first 24 h after acid aspiration. However, this increase was reduced by the injection of anti-ANP serum. Furthermore, the injection of anti-ANP serum resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in wet lung weight from a value of 0.74 +/- 0.06 (HCl aspiration with normal rabbit serum injection) to 0.83 +/- 0.07% of body weight. These results indicate that ANP plays a physiological role in the regulation of urinary water and sodium excretion after pulmonary acid injury and suggest that ANP elevated in plasma after pulmonary injury may prevent pulmonary edema with its diuretic action and/or some direct action on water movement in the lung.

Evidence supporting a physiological role for proANP-(1–30) in the regulation of renal excretion

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. R1510-R1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Dietz ◽  
Dionne Y. Scott ◽  
Carol S. Landon ◽  
Stanley J. Nazian
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

The experiments, performed in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, consisted of a 1-h equilibration period followed by two 30-min control periods. Subsequently, synthetic rat pro atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) [proANP-(1–30)] ( n = 8) was given as a bolus of 10 μg in 1 ml of 0.9% saline followed by an infusion at 30 ng/min (20 μl/min) for six additional periods. Control rats ( n = 6) received only 0.45% saline in the appropriate volumes. Mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly in either group during the proANP-(1–30) infusion. Urine flow and potassium excretion increased ∼50% in the proANP-(1–30)-infused group only ( P < 0.05). Sodium excretion and fractional excretion of sodium, expressed as the change from their own baselines, were significantly increased by the proANP-(1–30) infusion ( P < 0.05), whereas cGMP excretion was similar in both groups. These results suggest that the rat sequence of proANP-(1–30) produces a natriuresis in the rat independent of changes in hemodynamics and renal cGMP production. In a second study, rats ( n = 8) were prepared as above and pretreated with 0.4 ml iv of rabbit serum containing an antibody directed against proANP-(1–30) (anti-proANP group). The rats were volume expanded with 3 ml of 6% albumin in Krebs and observed for 3 h to determine if the anti-proANP would attenuate the responses to volume expansion. Control rats ( n = 7) received 0.4 ml of normal rabbit serum. The elevation in potassium excretion in response to volume expansion was significantly attenuated in the anti-proANP group ( P < 0.05). Sodium excretion and urine flow responses also tended to be reduced but not significantly. These results suggest that in the rat, proANP-(1–30) plays a physiological role in regulating renal excretion.

Effects of antiserum against alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. H1104-H1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sasaki ◽  
O. Kida ◽  
T. Kita ◽  
J. Kato ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Significant Difference

To clarify the physiological role of endogenous atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), we investigated the effects of specific rabbit antiserum against alpha-rat ANP (alpha-rANP) on hemodynamics, diuresis, and natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Intravenous administration of anti-alpha-rANP antiserum caused an obvious rise of mean blood pressure and cardiac output in both SHR and WKY compared with rats administered with normal rabbit serum. Although there was no significant difference in increments of mean blood pressure between SHR and WKY, the increment of cardiac output in SHR was significantly higher than that in WKY. On the other hand, significant reductions in urine output and urinary sodium and potassium excretion lasted for approximately 20 min after administration of the antiserum in both SHR and WKY compared with rats administered with normal rabbit serum. There was no significant difference in these initial maximal decrements between SHR and WKY. These results indicate that endogenous ANP has an important physiological role in the regulation of hemodynamics and water-electrolyte balance in both SHR and WKY. The greater increment of cardiac output in SHR in response to the antiserum suggests that endogenous ANP in SHR may have a stronger cardiosuppressive action that it does in WKY.

An important role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. G268-G274 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lee ◽  
L. Zhou ◽  
X. S. Ren ◽  
T. M. Chang ◽  
W. Y. Chey
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Secretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Amylase Output ◽  
Endogenous Insulin

We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats. Each rat was prepared with a chronic pancreatic fistula and an indwelling catheter in a jugular vein. Oral ingestion of a liquid meal (5 ml) resulted in significant increases in pancreatic secretion, including volume, bicarbonate, and amylase output, in these rats. A rabbit anti-insulin serum (1.0 ml) given intravenously completely blocked the postprandial exocrine pancreatic secretion, whereas a normal rabbit serum did not influence the pancreatic secretion in the same rats. When pancreatic secretion was stimulated by intravenous administration of both secretin and CCK-8 in three different doses, including 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 clinical unit and microgram.kg-1.h-1, respectively, volume, bicarbonate, and amylase output increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. This increase in pancreatic secretion was also completely blocked by a rabbit anti-insulin serum, whereas it was not influenced by a normal rabbit serum. The amount of the antiserum employed abolished the postprandial increases in plasma insulin concentration. We conclude that endogenous insulin plays an important role on the regulation of postprandial pancreatic secretion in rats. Furthermore, for the stimulatory action of the two intestinal hormones secretin and CCK-8 on the pancreatic exocrine secretion, endogenous insulin is need.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein and calcium homeostasis in lactating mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. E792-E796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Melton ◽  
J. J. D'Anza ◽  
S. A. Wimbiscus ◽  
V. Grill ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein has been shown to be a factor responsible for hypercalcemia of malignancy. Recent studies have shown the presence of mRNA for PTH-related protein in lactating breast tissue, suggesting a physiological role for this peptide during lactation. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of neutralization of PTH-related protein activity in lactating mice (by passive immunization) on various parameters of maternal and neonatal calcium homeostasis. PTH-related protein bioactivity, as tested in the adenylate cyclase assay, was present in mouse milk, and this activity was completely neutralized by the antisera used in the present study. In lactating mice, the effects of injection of PTH-related protein antisera on maternal serum calcium concentrations, milk calcium and phosphorus concentration, pup growth, dam femur calcium content, and pup calcium content were similar to those of the injection of normal rabbit serum. Therefore, maternal PTH-related protein does not appear to have a role in calcium homeostasis during lactation.

Influence of acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) on LH secretion in male rats: effect of pretreatment (i.c.v.) with ACTH antiserum on the serum LH response to an acute ether stress

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Mann ◽  
D. C. Evans ◽  
V. L. Jacobs ◽  
D. C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Serum Lh

ABSTRACT Adult male rats with chronic indwelling intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and jugular catheters were given an i.c.v. injection (over 1 min) of 1, 10, 100 ng or 1 μg ACTH(1–24), or 300 ng ACTH(4–10) or saline, and blood samples were taken 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min later. Increasing dosages of ACTH(1–24) caused a dose-related rise in serum LH levels. Peak levels of serum LH (ranging from 157 to 473% of pretreatment levels) were reached 5–15 min after treatment, and then serum LH values returned to pretreatment levels by 60 min. The serum LH response to 1 μg ACTH(1–24) did not differ from the response to 100 ng ACTH(1–24). Administration (i.c.v.) of 300 ng ACTH(4–10) was also effective in increasing serum LH values. Repeated withdrawal of blood during the experiment increased serum corticosterone values in all groups including saline-treated), but i.c.v. administration of ACTH(1–24) or ACTH(4–10) did not further increase serum corticosterone levels. Two additional groups of rats were injected i.p. with either saline or pentobarbital (30 mg/kg body weight) 1 h before i.c.v. administration of 10 ng ACTH(1–24) and blood samples were taken as in the other groups. The animals in these groups did not show a rise in serum LH concentrations in response to ACTH(1–24). In a third experiment, rats were pretreated (i.c.v.) with either ACTH antiserum (ACTH-Ab) or normal rabbit serum 15 min before a 2-min ether stress. The ether stress evoked a significant rise in serum LH concentrations within 15 min. Serum LH levels then fell below the 0-min value by 60 min. Pretreatment with ACTH-Ab failed to alter the serum LH response to this acute stress. The failure of ACTH-Ab to alter the response to stress suggests that the central nervous system ACTH does not play a physiological role in this process. Alternatively, we cannot be certain that the potency of the ACTH-Ab was sufficient to neutralize central nervous system ACTH effectively. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 275–280

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firyal S. Khan-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

scholarly journals Increased cytotoxicity of normal rabbit serum for lectin-resistant mutants of animal cells.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246
Author(s):  
C Jones
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Alternate Complement Pathway ◽  
Surface Carbohydrates ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies

Plant lectins are cytotoxic and can be used to select for mutants of animal cells that exhibit structural changes in cell surface carbohydrates reflecting glycosylation defects. We isolated eight lectin mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that appear to represent three different phenotype classes. These lectin mutants were much more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of normal rabbit serum (NRS) than were the parental cells. This increased cytotoxicity was heat sensitive, specifically absorbed, and inhibited by simple and complex carbohydrates. No killing was observed under conditions in which only the alternate complement pathway was active. An NRS-resistant subclone that was isolated from one lectin mutant was shown to have also regained wild type behavior when tested with the lectins. The possibility that naturally occurring antibodies in rabbit serum are reacting with incomplete carbohydrate chains on the surface of the lectin mutants is discussed.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SALICYLATES ON THE PRECIPITATION OF ANTIGEN WITH ANTIBODY

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin F. Coburn ◽  
Eleanor M. Kapp
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Immune Precipitation ◽  
Lyotropic Series

1. Sodium salicylate modifies the precipitation of normal rabbit serum protein by sodium tungstate, and partially inhibits the precipitation of horse serum euglobulin by rabbit antiserum. Sodium salicylate added to a system containing crystalline egg albumin and its antibody partly prevents the formation of precipitate, the degree of inhibition being related to the concentration of salicylate. 2. Precipitation in the equivalence zone is more readily prevented by salicylate than precipitation in the region of antibody excess, the immune system becoming progressively less sensitive to the action of salicylate as the excess of antibody becomes larger. 3. Formed precipitates were partly dissolved following resuspension in the presence of salicylate. 4. The salicylate effect on immune precipitation is reversible, and appears to be due to inactivation of antibody. 5. Salicylate was more effective in preventing specific precipitation than other anions of a lyotropic series tested.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF THE PENICILLIN ANTIGEN

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Levine ◽  
Zoltan Ovary
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mixed Disulfide ◽  
Diastereomeric Mixture ◽  
Potassium Penicillin

An excess of D-benzylpenicillenic acid (BPE) was reacted with human γ-globulin, human serum albumin, gelatin, and poly-L-lysine in aqueous solution buffered at pH 7.5–8.0. Under these conditions, BPE reacted predominantly with lysine ϵ-amino groups of the proteins to form the mixture of diastereomers of ϵ-N-(D-α-benzylpenicilloyl)-lysine groups (Di-BPO-Lys). BPE reacted also, but to a considerably smaller extent, with cystine disulfide linkages of human γ-globulin and human serum albumin to form D-benzylpenicillenic acid-cysteine mixed disulfide groups (BPE-SS-Cys). Conjugates containing large numbers of BPE or D-penicillamine mixed disulfide groups were prepared by reaction of BPE or D-penicillamine with thiolated human γ-globulin under mild oxidizing conditions. Anti-penicillin antibodies were produced in rabbits by immunization with either potassium penicillin G (PG) or a preincubated mixture of PG with normal rabbit serum (PG-NRS) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Specific precipitation analyses in aqueous and gel media (Ouchterlony), PCA analyses, and specific inhibition of these reactions with haptens were carried out on the rabbit anti-PG and anti-(PG-NRS) sera, using the above conjugates as antigens. The anti-penicillin antibodies were found to be directed against the diastereomeric mixture of N-(D-α-benzylpenicilloyl) groups, predominantly the Di-BPO-Lys groups. By these techniques, no antibodies directed against the BPE-mixed disulfide or the D-penicillamine mixed disulfide groups were detected. Three out of six patients with histories of allergic reactions to PG responded with wheal-and-erythema reactions to the N-(D-α-benzylpenicilloyl) (BPO) groups contained in BPE-human gamma globulin conjugate. Another such patient exhibited serum antibodies specific for the BPO group. One patient being treated with 25 gm per day of PG showed the presence of non-dialyzable antigenic BPO-conjugates in his serum. These results demonstrate that the diastereomeric BPO groups (predominantly Di-BPO-Lys groups) are major antigenic determinant groups responsible for PG hypersensitivity in rabbits and human beings. The possible clinical usefulness of multivalent Di-BPO conjugates and univalent Di-BPO haptens is discussed.

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