Cardiac enzyme activities in fetal and adult pregnant and nonpregnant sheep exposed to high-altitude hypoxemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1286-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ohtsuka ◽  
R. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Nonpregnant Adult ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enzyme Changes ◽  
Aerobic Energy Production

We measured pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the right and left ventricles of fetal, maternal, and nonpregnant adult sheep exposed to high altitude (3,820 m) for 112 days and compared them with control groups of animals kept at sea level. Enzymes were assayed by the spectrophotometric appearance of reaction products specific to each enzyme, and activity was expressed as micromoles per minute per gram of wet weight of tissue. In control sheep, CS activity was significantly higher in both ventricles of the pregnant and nonpregnant adult compared with the fetus. However, LDH and PK activities were only higher in the left ventricle of the nonpregnant adult compared with the fetus. Long-term hypoxemia significantly increased LDH activities in fetal (57 and 53%), pregnant adult (29 and 27%), and non-pregnant adult (25 and 24%) right and left ventricles, respectively. CS activities also increased in fetal (90 and 97%), pregnant adult (43 and 39%), and nonpregnant adult (46 and 48%) right and left ventricles, respectively. However, PK activity was not affected by altitude in any group of animals. In the fetal heart, which uses lactate as its primary metabolic fuel, these enzyme changes may help enhance aerobic energy production during hypoxemia. In the adult heart, which relies on free fatty acids as well as glucose for energy production, the significance of these enzyme changes is less clear.

Activator calcium and myocardial contractility in fetal sheep exposed to long-term high-altitude hypoxia

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. H1196-H1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Browne ◽  
V. M. Stiffel ◽  
W. J. Pearce ◽  
L. D. Longo ◽  
R. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Right ◽  
Maximum Rate Of Rise

We studied myocardial contractility in fetal sheep from ewes exposed to approximately 112 days of hypoxia at high altitude (3,820 m). We measured the inotropic response to extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o, 0.2-10 mM) and ryanodine (10(-10) to 10(-4) M) in isometrically contracting papillary muscles and quantified dihydropyridine (DHPR) and ryanodine (RyR) receptors. In hypoxic fetuses, curves describing the force-[Ca2+]o relationship were shifted left, and the top plateaus were decreased by approximately 35% in both left and right ventricles. In normoxic and hypoxic fetuses, ryanodine (10(-4) M) reduced maximum active tension (Tmax) to approximately 25-40% of baseline values, indicating that the sarcoplasmic reticulum was the chief source of activator Ca2+ and that Ca2+ influx alone was not sufficient to activate a contraction of normal amplitude. Hypoxia resulted in a lower Tmax in the right ventricle and a lower maximum rate of rise in the left ventricle after treatment with ryanodine. DHPR number did not change, but RyR number and the RyR/DHPR in both ventricles were higher in hypoxic fetuses. We conclude that hypoxia decreases contractility, possibly by reducing the availability of activator Ca2+. Further studies are needed to directly measure the Ca2+ current and intracellular Ca2+ transient and to examine myofilament protein and adenosinetriphosphatase activity.

scholarly journals TEMRYUK PROSPECTING AREAS (EASTERN AZOV AREA) OF LINING MATERIALS: GEOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY, GEOLOGICAL-GEODESIC WORKS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Datsenko ◽  
◽  
Ivan Lezhenkin
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ground Magnetic ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village

Temryuk prospecting areas are situated in the Volodarskyi district of Donetsk region, in 3 km northen outside the village Starchenkov, on the right bank of the Temryuk River. Geographic coor-dinates to the center of the Temryuk prospecting areas: 37 degrees 12 minutes 30 seconds of eastern latitude, 47 degrees 3 minutes of 30 seconds of northen latitude. The lining materials are widely used in construction as an excellent long-term and durable material. The following types of topo-graphic and geodetic works were performed during the search and assessment works within the Temryuk prospecting areas: geodetic justification; concentration of geodetic laying-out; geophysical support of ground magnetic survey over a network of 100x10 m; binding of drilled wells to points of geodetic laying-out (planned and high-altitude). Temryuk prospecting areas of plagiogranite lin-ing materials has favorable mining and geological conditions for development into blocks. The pro-cessing of scientific works of the world geological community regarding granite (plagiogranite) de-posits led us to the conclusion that the granites of the Temryuk area of the Volodarskyi area have higher geological and economic indicators, the study of which is a further goal for the authors.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial responses to prolonged anoxia in brain of red-eared slider turtles

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Pamenter ◽  
Crisostomo R. Gomez ◽  
Jeffrey G. Richards ◽  
William K. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
Neuronal Signalling ◽  
Mild Uncoupling ◽  
Aerobic Energy Production

Mitochondria are central to aerobic energy production and play a key role in neuronal signalling. During anoxia, however, the mitochondria of most vertebrates initiate deleterious cell death cascades. Nonetheless, a handful of vertebrate species, including some freshwater turtles, are remarkably tolerant of low oxygen environments and survive months of anoxia without apparent damage to brain tissue. This tolerance suggests that mitochondria in the brains of such species are adapted to withstand prolonged anoxia, but little is known about potential neuroprotective responses. In this study, we address such mechanisms by comparing mitochondrial function between brain tissues isolated from cold-acclimated red-eared slider turtles ( Trachemys scripta elegans ) exposed to two weeks of either normoxia or anoxia. We found that brain mitochondria from anoxia-acclimated turtles exhibited a unique phenotype of remodelling relative to normoxic controls, including: (i) decreased citrate synthase and F 1 F O -ATPase activity but maintained protein content, (ii) markedly reduced aerobic capacity, and (iii) mild uncoupling of the mitochondrial proton gradient. These data suggest that turtle brain mitochondria respond to low oxygen stress with a unique suite of changes tailored towards neuroprotection.

Right and left ventricular function in fetal sheep exposed to long-term high-altitude hypoxemia

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. H399-H405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamitomo ◽  
L. D. Longo ◽  
R. D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Fetal Cardiac Function ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arterial Po2

To test the hypothesis that long-term hypoxemia affects fetal cardiac function, we measured right (RVO) and left (LVO) ventricular output by electromagnetic flow probes. We also determined their responses to increased preload (ventricular function curve, VFC) and afterload (arterial sensitivity curve, ASC). We exposed seven pregnant ewes to high altitude (3,820 m) from 30 to 120 days gestation, at which time surgery was performed. Thereafter, maternal arterial PO2 was maintained at approximately 60 Torr by N2 administration. Fetal arterial PO2 was significantly reduced in the hypoxemic fetuses (Hyp, n = 7) compared with that of control (Con, n = 9) (19.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 23.3 +/- 0.5 Torr, P less than 0.01). Mean arterial pressures in the Hyp group were elevated (52.0 +/- 1.2 vs. 44.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg, P less than 0.01) and fetal heart rate showed minimal change. Catecholamine concentrations in the Hyp group tended to be higher than the Con group, but not significantly so. For Con and Hyp, RVO equaled 275.7 +/- 9.1 vs. 183.1 +/- 10.1 (P less than 0.01), LVO equaled 165.7 +/- 16.9 vs. 141.6 +/- 16.5 (NS), and combined ventricular output (CVO) equaled 441.1 +/- 22.9 vs. 334.9 +/- 28.3 ml.min-1.kg-1 (P less than 0.05). For the LV there were no significant differences of the VFC between the Con and Hyp groups. However, the right VFC in the Hyp was significantly shifted downward. Concerning afterload, in the RV the slope of the ASC of Con was steeper than that of Hyp (-3.00 +/- 0.05 vs. -0.84 +/- 0.11 ml.ml.min-1.g-1.mmHg-1, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fetal and adult cerebral artery KATP and KCa channel responses to long-term hypoxia

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1692-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long ◽  
Lubo Zhang ◽  
Lawrence D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Relaxation Responses ◽  
Nonpregnant Adult

High-altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH) alters cerebral vascular contractile and relaxation responses in both fetus and adult. We tested the hypotheses that LTH-mediated vascular responses were secondary to altered K+ channel function and that in the fetus these responses differ from those of the adult. In middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from both nonpregnant adult and fetal (∼140 days gestation) sheep, which were either acclimatized to high altitude (3,820 m) or sea-level controls, we measured norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) simultaneously, in the presence or absence of different K+ channel openers or blockers. In adult MCA, LTH was associated with ∼20% decrease in NE-induced tension and [Ca2+]i, with a significant increase in Ca2+ sensitivity. In contrast, in fetal MCA, LTH failed to affect significantly NE-induced contraction or [Ca2+]i but significantly decreased the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channel-mediated relaxation. The significant effect of KATPand KCa channel activators on the relaxation responses and the fact that K+ channels play a key role in myogenic tone support the hypotheses that K+ channels play an important role in hypoxia-mediated responses. These results also support the hypothesis of significant developmental differences with maturation from fetus to adult.

The Application of Organic Plant Media Composition on Indian Mustard Crops (Brassica Juncea L) in Polybag

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nora Augustien ◽  
Pawana Nur Indah ◽  
Purnawati Arika ◽  
Irsyad Irsyad ◽  
Hadi Suhardjono
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right

Indian mustard plants are the main vegetable crops consumed by urban communities. The need for this vegetable increases along with the increase in culinary tourism in each region and the government's appeal on sustainable food home. One effort made to meet the needs of vegetable mustard in urban areas can be cultivated using polybags. The main problem of vegetable cultivation on polybags is the availability of soil media. To overcome the limitations of soil media it is attempted to substitute it with organic litter enriched with MOL (local microorganisms). The purpose of research is to find the right combination of planting media for mustard plants. The results showed that the composition of K7 = soil: compost: litter of hay: litter of maize (2: 1: 1: 1) best on plant length, number of leaves, length of root leaves and number of roots while the wet weight of mustard plant (g) K7 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of corn (2: 1: 1: 1) and K8 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of maize: cocopeat (2: 1: 1: 1: 1) or soil: compost + urea. Increased weights of wet mustard by 63% compared to soil media and 20% compared to soil composition: compost + urea. Organic straw in the form of straw: litter of corn stalk: cocopeat enriched with MOL are able to become ready-made planting media on the cultivation of indian mustard plants in polybags.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e11-e16
Author(s):  
Risa Wakisaka ◽  
Takumi Kumai ◽  
Kan Kishibe ◽  
Miki Takahara ◽  
Akihiro Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Inferior Pole ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

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