scholarly journals Functional plasticity in the respiratory drive to thoracic motoneurons in the segment above a chronic lateral spinal cord lesion

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 554-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Ford ◽  
N. P. Anissimova ◽  
C. F. Meehan ◽  
P. A. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesion ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Functional Plasticity ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spike Triggered Averaging ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cord Lesion

A previous neurophysiological investigation demonstrated an increase in functional projections of expiratory bulbospinal neurons (EBSNs) in the segment above a chronic lateral thoracic spinal cord lesion that severed their axons. We have now investigated how this plasticity might be manifested in thoracic motoneurons by measuring their respiratory drive and the connections to them from individual EBSNs. In anesthetized cats, simultaneous recordings were made intracellularly from motoneurons in the segment above a left-side chronic (16 wk) lesion of the spinal cord in the rostral part of T8, T9, or T10 and extracellularly from EBSNs in the right caudal medulla, antidromically excited from just above the lesion but not from below. Spike-triggered averaging was used to measure the connections between pairs of EBSNs and motoneurons. Connections were found to have a very similar distribution to normal and were, if anything (nonsignificantly), weaker than normal, being present for 42/158 pairs, vs. 55/154 pairs in controls. The expiratory drive in expiratory motoneurons appeared stronger than in controls but again not significantly so. Thus we conclude that new connections made by the EBSNs following these lesions were made to neurons other than α-motoneurons. However, a previously unidentified form of functional plasticity was seen in that there was a significant increase in the excitation of motoneurons during postinspiration, being manifest either in increased incidence of expiratory decrementing respiratory drive potentials or in an increased amplitude of the postinspiratory depolarizing phase in inspiratory motoneurons. We suggest that this component arose from spinal cord interneurons.

scholarly journals A CASE OF LATELY RECURRENT BREAST CANCER RECOVERED FROM TRANSVERSAL UPPER THORACIC SPINAL CORD LESION

1992 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2934-2937
Author(s):  
Masahiro KIMURA ◽  
Shunzo KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hirotaka IWASE ◽  
Hideki FUKUOKA ◽  
Yukashi ITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Recurrent Breast Cancer ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesion ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Recurrent Breast ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Cord Lesion

scholarly journals Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome of the foot

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. V8
Author(s):  
Kevin Hines ◽  
Fadi Al Saiegh ◽  
Aria Mahtabfar ◽  
Kavantissa M. Keppetipola ◽  
Caio M. Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Plantar Aspect ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
The Right

This is a case of a 54-year-old man presenting with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 of the right lower extremity, which was most debilitating in the plantar aspect of the right foot. The patient had prior treatment with thoracic spinal cord stimulation; however, the foot pain remained intractable. Given that his pain was predominantly in his foot and remained debilitating despite thoracic spinal cord stimulation, it was recommended that the patient undergo a trial of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation. The surgical technique for placement of dorsal root ganglion stimulators is demonstrated in this operative video.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/_1xMxFZa6tU

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Spinal Cord: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. E433-E438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Kawamura ◽  
Kazutaka Izawa ◽  
Noboru Hosono ◽  
Hiroshi Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumor ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Fibrous Tumor ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm of probable mesenchymal origin that was first reported in the pleura but can occur in different sites. Only six cases of SFT arising from the spinal cord have been reported. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report a case of primary SFT occurring in the thoracic spinal cord in a 64-year-old man with Brown-Séquard syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural mass at the level of T2–T3. INTERVENTION: Total T2–T3 laminectomies were performed. The tumor appeared to be adherent to the right lateral aspect of the cord but not attached to the meninges. On histological examination, the tumor exhibited spindle cell proliferation with abundant dense collagen but without a hemangiopericytomatous pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were reactive with CD34 and vimentin only. CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of SFT occurring in the thoracic spinal cord. Histologically and immunohistochemically, we confirmed the diagnosis of SFT. Low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images corresponded to the histological findings. When a spinal cord tumor exhibits a signal pattern similar to this, SFT should be included in the differential diagnosis. Because of the rarity of reports on this condition, the clinical manifestations and course of SFT of the spinal cord are unknown, and careful long-term follow-up is recommended.

Classification of Caudal Ventrolateral Pontine Neurons With Sympathetic Nerve-Related Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 2433-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Barman ◽  
Gerard L. Gebber
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spike Triggered Averaging ◽  
Stimulus Current ◽  
Latency Response ◽  
Reflex Activation

Barman, Susan M. and Gerard L. Gebber. Classification of caudal ventrolateral pontine neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2433–2445, 1998. This study was designed to answer three questions concerning caudal ventrolateral pontine (CVLP) neurons whose naturally occurring discharges are correlated to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). 1) What are the proportions of CVLP neurons that have activity correlated to both the cardiac-related and 10-Hz rhythms in SND, to only the 10-Hz rhythm, and to only the cardiac-related rhythm? 2) Do CVLP neurons with activity correlated to the cardiac-related and/or 10-Hz rhythm in SND subserve a sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory function? 3) Do CVLP neurons with activity correlated to the cardiac-related and/or 10-Hz rhythm in SND project to the thoracic spinal cord? To address these issues we recorded from 476 CVLP neurons in 24 urethan-anesthetized cats. Spike-triggered averaging, arterial pulse-triggered analysis, and coherence analysis revealed that the discharges of 66 of these neurons were correlated to inferior cardiac postganglionic SND. For 39 of these neurons, we were able to determine whether their discharges were correlated to one or both rhythms. The results showed that the CVLP contained a heterogeneous population of neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity. The discharges of 21 neurons were correlated to both the 10-Hz and cardiac-related rhythms in SND, 9 neurons had activity correlated to only the 10-Hz rhythm, and 9 neurons had activity correlated to only the cardiac-related rhythm. The firing rates of CVLP neurons with activity correlated to both rhythms or to only the 10-Hz rhythm were decreased during the inhibition of SND induced by baroreceptor reflex activation (rapid obstruction of the abdominal aorta). These neurons are presumed to exert sympathoexcitatory actions. The time-controlled collision test verified that 11 of 12 CVLP neurons with activity correlated to both rhythms were antidromically activated by stimulation of the first thoracic segment of the spinal cord. Antidromic mapping at this level showed that the site requiring the least stimulus current to elicit the longest latency response (nearest the terminal) was in the vicinity of the intermediolateral nucleus (IML). In contrast, only 1 of 13 CVLP neurons with activity correlated to only one of the rhythms in SND could be antidromically activated by spinal stimulation. These data demonstrate for the first time that there is a direct pathway from the CVLP to the IML that is comprised almost exclusively of sympathoexcitatory neurons whose discharges are correlated to both the 10-Hz and cardiac-related rhythms in SND.

scholarly journals The Need for a Broad Differential: Intramedullary Neurosarcoidosis Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Dereck Luy ◽  
Daniel Tonetti ◽  
Peter Carlos Gerszten
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesion ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Immunosuppressant Treatment

Abstract BackgroundSarcoidosis, an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disorder, involves the nervous system in as few as 5-15% of cases. We aim to detail how a rare case of intramedullary neurosarcoidosis spinal-cord lesion, present in less than 1% of sarcoidosis cases, presented with features mimicking a neoplasm. MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed to obtain pertinent details regarding history and examination, pathological findings, and treatment course.Case PresentationWe report a case of intramedullary sarcoidosis involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord with syringomyelia, which presented as subacute neck pain, intermittent leg paresthesias, and difficult micturition. Historically, a spinal syrinx with concern for neoplasm has led surgeons to decompress the spinal cord for certain enhancing intramedullary lesions, which is unnecessary for neurosarcoidosis. Immunosuppressant treatment resulted in symptomatic resolution without the need for spinal cord biopsy or syrinx decompression in this case.Conclusions Expansile contrast-enhancing intramedullary lesions, most commonly neoplastic, may instead be non-neoplastic etiologies mimicking neoplastic features; therefore, it is the responsibility of any surgeon to maintain a broad differential diagnosis in the absence of a confirmed pathology.

Intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting as hyperhidrosis: unique symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Murakami ◽  
Izumi Koyanagi ◽  
Takahisa Kaneko ◽  
Akihiro Yoneta ◽  
Yoshiko Keira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
The Right

Hyperhidrosis is caused by a sympathetic dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Intramedullary spinal cord lesions can be a cause of hyperhidrosis. The authors report a rare case of intramedullary thoracic spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting as hyperhidrosis. This 16-year-old boy presented with abnormal sweating on the right side of the neck, chest, and the right arm that had been occurring for 6 years. Neurological examination revealed mild motor weakness of the right lower extremity and slightly decreased sensation in the left lower extremity. Hyperhidrosis was observed in the right C3–T8 dermatomes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intramedullary tumor at the right side of the spinal cord at the T2–3 level. The tumor showed partial enhancement after Gd administration. The patient underwent removal of the tumor via hemilaminectomy of T2–3. Only subtotal resection was achieved because the margins of the tumor were unclear. Histopathological examination revealed ganglioglioma. Hyperhidrosis gradually improved after surgery. Hyperhidrosis is a rare clinical manifestation of intramedullary spinal cord tumors, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The location of the tumor origin, around the right gray matter of the lateral spinal cord, may account for the hyperhidrosis as the initial symptom in this patient. Physicians should examine the spinal cord using MRI studies when a patient has hyperhidrosis with some motor or sensory symptoms of the extremities.

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