Comparison of Experimental Techniques to Improve Peak to Background Ratios in X-ray Powder Diffractometry

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
William K. Istone ◽  
John C. Russ ◽  
William D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Qualitative Phase ◽  
Analysis Determination

AbstractHigh peak to background ratios are especially important in powder diffractometry when attempting to identify minor phases in a sample or improving the limit of detection in quantitative determinations. Instrumental techniques to improve peak to background generally involve the employment of monochromatic or partially monochromatic radiation through the use of filters, crystal monochrometers, or pulse height discriminators.In this study, a digital pulse height discriminator, configured as a card in a personal computer (Apple IIe) with appropriate software, is used in conjunction with a scintillation detector to improve peak to background ratios. The software allows the pulse height distribution to be scanned and the optimum pulse height window to be set for a given set of sample and instrumental conditions. Results obtained by this technique are directly compared with results obtained using a pyrolytic graphite monochrometer and beta filters. Examples cited include qualitative phase identification in both fluorescent and non-fluorescent samples and semi-micro quantitative analysis (determination of airborne silica).

Energy-dependent dead-time correction in digital pulse processors applied to silicon drift detector's X-ray spectra

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen F. Barros ◽  
Vito R. Vanin ◽  
Alexandre A. Malafronte ◽  
Nora L. Maidana ◽  
Marcos N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Dead Time Correction ◽  
Time Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Analytical Correction ◽  
Energy Dependent

Dead-time effects in X-ray spectra taken with a digital pulse processor and a silicon drift detector were investigated when the number of events at the low-energy end of the spectrum was more than half of the total, at counting rates up to 56 kHz. It was found that dead-time losses in the spectra are energy dependent and an analytical correction for this effect, which takes into account pulse pile-up, is proposed. This and the usual models have been applied to experimental measurements, evaluating the dead-time fraction either from the calculations or using the value given by the detector acquisition system. The energy-dependent dead-time model proposed fits accurately the experimental energy spectra in the range of counting rates explored in this work. A selection chart of the simplest mathematical model able to correct the pulse-height distribution according to counting rate and energy spectrum characteristics is included.

scholarly journals Emission Spectrochemical Determination of Boron in Steels with Pulse Height Distribution Analyzer

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minao ITO ◽  
Shoki SATO ◽  
Hiroshi FUSHIDA ◽  
Masanao NARITA
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

scholarly journals Emission Spectrochemical Determination of Aluminium in Steels by Two-intensity Method with Pulse Height Distribution Analyzer

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357
Author(s):  
Minao ITO ◽  
Minoru YANAGYIDA ◽  
Hiroshi FUSHIDA ◽  
Masanao NARITA
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

scholarly journals Measurement of the angular distribution of neutrons scattered from deuterium below 3 MeV

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Elisa Pirovano ◽  
Ralf Nolte ◽  
Markus Nyman ◽  
Arjan Plompen
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Differential Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
Legendre Expansion

The differential cross section of neutron scattering on deuterium was investigated in the energy range from 400 keV to 2.5 MeV using the recoil detection method, irradiating with monoenergetic neutrons a proportional counter filled with deuterated gases. Comparing simulations of the transport of neutrons and recoil nuclei in the detector to the experimental pulse-height distribution, it was possible to establish a procedure for the determination of the coefficients of the Legendre expansion of the n-d angular distribution.

THE RESOLUTION CORRECTION IN THE SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY OF CONTINUOUS X RAYS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1624-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Dixon ◽  
J. H. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Matrix Inversion ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Smooth Solutions ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

The problem of making resolution corrections in the scintillation spectrometry of continuous X rays is discussed. Analytical solutions are given to the integral equation which describes the effect of the statistical spread in pulse height. The practical necessity of making some kind of numerical analysis is pointed out. Difficulties with numerical methods arise from the fact that the observed pulse-height distribution cannot be defined precisely. As a result it is possible in practice only to find smooth "solutions". Additional difficulties arise if the numerical method is based on an invalid analytical procedure. For example matrix inversion is of doubtful value in making the resolution correction because there does not appear to be an inverse kernel for the integral equation in question.

Pulse height distribution of signals produced by exposing a thin GEM chamber to beta rays from an Sr-90 source

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1287
Author(s):  
B. J. Ahn ◽  
Y. J. Ha ◽  
C. H. Hahn ◽  
S. T. Park ◽  
C-Y Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution

A Universal Detector for the X-Ray Spectrograph

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kiley
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Pulse Height Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Universal Detector ◽  
Detector Arrangement

AbstractA detector arrangement has been developed which will give nearly 100% efficiency over the entire range of wavelengths normally used in X-ray spectroscopy, including radiation from Mg Kα. A description of this counter is given and data obtained on pulse height distribution and pulse amplitudes will be discussed. Results obtained with typical specimens will be shown.

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