scholarly journals The Methodology of Doppler-Derived Central Blood Flow Measurements in Newborn Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koert A. de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
General Guide ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Central blood flow (CBF) measurements are measurements in and around the heart. It incorporates cardiac output, but also measurements of cardiac input and assessment of intra- and extracardiac shunts. CBF can be measured in the central circulation as right or left ventricular output (RVO or LVO) and/or as cardiac input measured at the superior vena cava (SVC flow). Assessment of shunts incorporates evaluation of the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale. This paper describes the methodology of CBF measurements in newborn infants. It provides a brief overview of the evolution of Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements, basic principles of Doppler ultrasound, and an overview of all used methodology in the literature. A general guide for interpretation and normal values with suggested cutoffs of CBFs are provided for clinical use.

scholarly journals Blood Flow Measurements during Repair of a Right Coronary Artery Superior Vena Cava Fistula

1973 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN J. PHILLIPS ◽  
PETER GOODMAN ◽  
RICHARD GOLDFINE ◽  
LLOYD PALL ◽  
MELVYN RUBENFIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

scholarly journals Pulmonary Blood Flow Measurements Following Vena Cava-to-Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Robicsek ◽  
Walter P. Scott ◽  
Norris B. Harbold ◽  
Harry K. Daugherty ◽  
Donald C. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

scholarly journals Pharmacological management of low blood flow state in less than 28weeks neonate.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Adeniyi ◽  
Kunle Oyedokun ◽  
Adeniyi Ajiboye ◽  
Sanjeev Rath
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Flow State

low blood flow state is defined as insufficient cardiac output to maintain adequate cellular metabolism at the organ level. A low blood flow state can be measured by reduced organ perfusion, such as reduced superior vena cava flow[1,2] or high resistance flow in superior mesenteric doppler scan [3]. The combination of capillary refill time of greater than 4 seconds and serum lactate greater than 4 mmol/litre has 97% sensitivity of identifying low blood flow state [4]. In the presence of the above markers of a low blood flow state, the blood pressure may be normal or high in the first 48hours of life due to high systemic resistance [5]. Therefore, high, or normal blood pressure should be interpreted with great caution. CONCLUSIONThe pharmacological treatment of a low blood flow state should be guided by thorough clinical assessment. The prophylaxis or stress dose hydrocortisone treatment of low flow state is gaining grounds mainly when there is evidence of adrenal insufficiency. The choice and titration of pharmacological treatment should be guided by functional echocardiography. The use of Dobutamine as first-line treatment is advised when myocardia dysfunction on echocardiography is noted.Milrinone use is reserved for extreme preterm neonates with myocardia dysfunction before patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Dopamine and noradrenaline remain the commonly used first and second-line vasopressors, respectively, to manage low blood flow states secondary to poor vasomotor resistance.

Fetal placental vascular responses to prostacyclin after angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. E102-E107
Author(s):  
V. M. Parisi ◽  
S. W. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Infusion Period

The vasodilator prostacyclin is produced by many fetal tissues and may serve to protect umbilical placental blood flow. We hypothesized that prostacyclin could reverse fetoplacental vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II (ANG II). Studies were done in eight unanesthetized near-term ovine fetuses. After a control period, ANG II was infused into the fetal inferior vena cava at a rate of 0.5 microgram/min for 40 min. Twenty minutes after starting the ANG II infusion, an infusion of prostacyclin at a rate of 5 micrograms/min was added to the ANG II infusion. Blood flows were measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Blood flow measurements were made during the control period, 20 min after starting the ANG II infusion, and 20 min after adding prostacyclin to the ANG II infusion. ANG II produced significant fetal hypertension and renal, intestinal, and placental vasoconstriction. Placental vascular resistance rose from 0.14 +/- 0.01 to 0.18 +/- 0.01 mmHg.min.kg fetal wt.ml-1 during the ANG II infusion period (P less than 0.05). The addition of prostacyclin to the ANG II infusion resulted in a return to control values for fetal blood pressure and renal and intestinal resistance. However, placental vasoconstriction was not reversed by addition of prostacyclin as placental vascular resistance remained significantly elevated over the control value (0.17 +/- 0.01 mmHg.min.kg fetal wt.ml-1). Although unchanged by ANG II infusion, fetal pH decreased significantly during the ANG II plus prostacyclin infusion period. We conclude that ANG II causes fetal hypertension and renal and intestinal vasoconstriction, which are reversed by prostacyclin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Flow Measurements during Hemodialysis Vascular Access Interventions - Catheter-Based Thermodilution or Doppler Ultrasound?

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren T. Heerwagen ◽  
Marc A. Hansen ◽  
Torben V. Schroeder ◽  
Søren D. Ladefoged ◽  
Lars Lönn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Hemodialysis Vascular Access ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Cardiovascular Changes in Preterm Infants Nursed Under Radiant Warmers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Frans J. Walther ◽  
Paul Y.K. Wu ◽  
Bijan Siassi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements ◽  
Radiant Warmer

Radiant heat is known to increase insensible water loss and, to a certain extent, oxygen consumption. Little is known about its cardiovascular effects. We measured cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and lower limb and skin blood flow in 20 preterm newborn infants nursed in an incubator and under a radiant warmer at an abdominal skin temperature of 36.5°C. Mean (±SEM) birth weight was 1.57 (0.06) kg, gestational age 31.7 (0.4) weeks, and weight at examination 1.69 (0.02) kg; median postnatal age was 15 days. Skin and limb blood flow measurements increased by 44% to 55% with radiant heat (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). Cardiac output increased by 5.4% (P < .02) under the radiant warmer secondary to a small but significant (P < .05) increase in heart rate. The changes in cardiac output during radiant heat administration are comparable to those reported for oxygen consumption.

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