scholarly journals Paroxysmal Autonomic Instability with Dystonia after Pneumococcal Meningoencephalitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layal Safadieh ◽  
Rana Sharara-Chami ◽  
Omar Dabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
First Case ◽  
Autonomic Instability ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a common cause of bacterial meningitis, frequently resulting in severe neurological impairment. A seven-month-old child presenting withStreptococcus pneumoniaemeningoencephalitis developed right basal ganglia and hypothalamic infarctions. Daily episodes of agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, and decerebrate posturing were observed. The diagnosis ofparoxysmal autonomic instability with dystoniawas established. The patient responded to clonidine, baclofen, and benzodiazepines. Although this entity has been reported in association with traumatic brain injury, and as a sequel to some nervous system infections, this is the first case, to our knowledge, associated with pneumococcal meningoencephalitis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningoencephalitis With Bilateral Basal Ganglia Necrosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1438-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Magnus ◽  
Paul M. Parizel ◽  
Berten Ceulemans ◽  
Patrick Cras ◽  
Marloes Luijks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S pneumoniae) is a common cause of bacterial meningitis, frequently leading to death or severe neurological impairment. We report an exceptional case of a 4-month-old boy with meningitis caused by S pneumoniae. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical necrosis involving the lentiform and caudate nuclei, as well as the thalamus. T1-weighted MR images showed patchy areas of increased signal intensity, consistent with hemorrhagic transformation of the lesions. Autopsy revealed widespread necrosis of the basal ganglia with clear signs of vasculitis. Severe complications of S pneumoniae meningoencephalitis are known in infants but to our knowledge, such lesions in the basal ganglia have only been reported thrice in adults and never in children.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Six Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Serotypes 5, 6A, 6B, 18C, 19A, and 23F

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig E. Jakobsson ◽  
Francisco Salvà-Serra ◽  
Kaisa Thorell ◽  
Roger Karlsson ◽  
Lucia Gonzales-Silès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium found most commonly in the respiratory tract of humans and is a common cause of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six S. pneumoniae strains: CCUG 1350, CCUG 7206, CCUG 11780, CCUG 33774, CCUG 35180, and CCUG 35272.

scholarly journals Two Case Reports on Thalamic and Basal Ganglia Involvement in Children with Dengue Fever

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guwani Liyanage ◽  
Lihini Adhikari ◽  
Saraji Wijesekera ◽  
Maheshaka Wijayawardena ◽  
Suchithra Chandrasiri
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Plasma Leakage ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement

There have been increasing numbers of case reports of dengue infection with unusual manifestations. Such unusual manifestations including acute liver failure and encephalopathy could be manifested even in the absence of significant plasma leakage. Further, severe organ involvement including nervous system involvement indicates severe dengue infection. However, neurological manifestations of dengue fever are rare. This is the first case report of dengue infection with thalamic and basal ganglia involvement in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Free Sialic Acid Acts as a Signal That Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasion of Nasal Tissue and Nonhematogenous Invasion of the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 2607-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Hatcher ◽  
Joanetha Y. Hale ◽  
David E. Briles
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and neurological sequelae in children worldwide. Acute bacterial meningitis is widely considered to result from bacteremia that leads to blood-brain barrier breakdown and bacterial dissemination throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we showed that pneumococci can gain access to the CNS through a nonhematogenous route without peripheral blood infection. This access is thought to occur when the pneumococci in the upper sinus follow the olfactory nerves and enter the CNS through the olfactory bulbs. In this study, we determined whether the addition of exogenous sialic acid postcolonization promotes nonhematogenous invasion of the CNS. Previously, others showed that treatment with exogenous sialic acid post-pneumococcal infection increased the numbers of CFU recovered from an intranasal mouse model of infection. Using a pneumococcal colonization model, anin vivoimaging system, and a multiplex assay for cytokine expression, we demonstrated that sialic acid can increase the number of pneumococci recovered from the olfactory bulbs and brains of infected animals. We also show that pneumococci primarily localize to the olfactory bulb, leading to increased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These findings provide evidence that sialic acid can enhance the ability of pneumococci to disseminate into the CNS and provide details about the environment needed to establish nonhematogenous pneumococcal meningitis.

scholarly journals Acute bacterial meningitis in the Zlatibor district

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Slađana Pavić ◽  
Milica Jovanović ◽  
Miloš Božović ◽  
Aleksandra Pavić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Common Cause

Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis is present worldwide, with a lethality rate up to 50%. The most common causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. The aim of the research is to analyze acute bacterial meningitis in the Zlatibor district. Material and methods: Patients treated at the General Hospital in Uzice were examined retrogradely. Demographic data, risk factors, hematological and biochemical data from blood and cerebrospinal fluid and the findings of computed tomography scan of the endocranium were analyzed. All patients underwent lumbar puncture. The etiological diagnosis was made by identifying the pathogens from cerebrospinal fluid or blood culture. The clinical course was monitored, and the prognosis was determined according to the Glasgow coma scale. Results: We examined 148 patients with acute bacterial meningitis (92 men, 56 women), mean age 55.8 +/-13.1. Half of the patients had comorbidities. In 42%, the possible focus of infection was sinusitis. Main symptoms were headache (100%), fever (97.2%), neck stiffness (95.9%). CSF analysis showed less than 100 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/mm3 in 65% of patients, and CSF protein elevation in 95.3%. 94.6% of patients had leukocytosis in the blood, and 86.5% had elevated C-reactive protein. The most commonly isolated bacterium was Streptococcus pneumoniae (40.5%). 74.3% of patients had a favorable disease outcome. One third of the patients showed epileptic seizures. In 16.2% of patients, the disease ended lethally. Risk factors for lethal outcome were the presence of comorbidities, Streptococcus pneumoniae as the pathogen, the occurrence of epileptic seizures, age over 50 years and male gender. Conclusion: The most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in adult population of the Zlatibor district is Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is also the most common cause of adverse disease outcomes. Majority of patients are men over the age of 50 with comorbidities, which are also a risk group for an unfavorable disease outcome.

scholarly journals Case Report: Central Nervous System Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Related to Bacterial Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyan Hu ◽  
Sanxin Liu ◽  
Danli Lu ◽  
Yi Zhong ◽  
Dafan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Induced Labor ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Immunity Function ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (CNS-IRIS) describes clinical characteristics that may be observed in previously immunocompromised patients during rapid restoration of immunity function in the presence of a pathogen. There have been no reports about CNS-IRIS related to bacterial meningitis so far. Here, we report a 24-year-old pregnant female patient with bacterial meningitis. Her clinical and neuroradiological condition worsened after induced labor despite great effective anti-infective therapy. CNS-IRIS was considered. Corticosteroids were administered, and the patient gradually recovered. We present the first case of CNS-IRIS associated with bacterial meningitis.

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Cruz ◽  
Jeffrey R. Starke
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Lymphocytic Meningitis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in areas with high HIV prevalence and its diagnosis often is delayed in industrialized nations. Children (particularly infants) and immunocompromised persons are at higher risk of developing TB meningitis. Lymphocytic meningitis, high CSF protein, and (in children) frequently an abnormal chest radiograph should raise clinician index of suspicion for TB meningitis. Neuroimaging may show hydrocephalus, basilar leptomeningeal enhancement, ischemia, and/or tuberculomas. Prompt recognition and initiation of antituberculous antibiotics and corticosteroids can decrease morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Evolution of Different Bacterial Mningoencephalitis: Series of Case Presentations and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Cambrea Simona Claudia ◽  
Marcas Consuela ◽  
Diaconu Simona ◽  
Mihai Raluca ◽  
Pinzaru Anca Daniela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Type B ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
One Year ◽  
Case Presentations

Abstract Bacterial meningitis is one of the most important medical emergencies, a life-threatening condition that leads to death in all the cases in untreated patients. In infants and young children, especially under 5 years old, the most encountered and severe forms are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Hemophilus influenzae type b. The risk of neurological impairment after an acute episode of bacterial meningitis is relatively high. Worldwide, prevention through vaccination decreased dramatically incidence and mortality related to these disease. In Romania vaccination for Neisseria meningitides is optional available for just 6 months, vaccination for Streptococcus pneumoniae by one year, and for Haemophylus influenzae type B is available over 10 years. We present evolution of a series of three cases with different bacterial meningoencephalitis with severe evolution and prolonged hospitalization. All these cases were reported in unvaccinated children for germs that cause meningitis.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of electroencephalographic syndromes in acute infections of central nervous system in children

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Y. A. Rosin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Assisted Analysis ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Severe Neurological Impairment

Visual and computer - assisted analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed in 156 children with infections of central nervous system (CNS). It revealed four variants of EEG tracings (EEG-syndromes), related to different neurulogical outcome of the disease. EEG-syndromes of polirhythmia and sleep-like bradyrhythmia predicted good outcome. Syndrome of bioelectrical depression predicted poor outcome with the risk of severe neurological impairment. Prognostic significance of EEG-syndrome of cortical deafferentation depends on its duration in the acute period of the disease.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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