scholarly journals Ficus deltoideaJack: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidun Bunawan ◽  
Noriha Mat Amin ◽  
Siti Noraini Bunawan ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
Normah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Ficus deltoideaJack (Moraceae) has had a long history of use in traditional medicine among the Malays to alleviate and heal ailments such as sores, wounds, and rheumatism and as an after-birth tonic and an antidiabetic drug. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that this plant has a wide variety of beneficial attributes for human health. Despite its importance, a review of this species has not been published in the scientific literature to date. Here, we review and summarize the historic and current literature concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of this wonder plant. This summary could be beneficial for future research aiming to exploit the therapeutic potential of this useful, medicinal species.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Some Species of the Genus Galium L. Galium Verum and Mollugo

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Bradic ◽  
Anica Petkovic ◽  
Marina Tomovic
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract Galium verum L. and Galium mollugo L. are perennial herbaceous plants, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds, such as iridoid glycosides, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones and triterpenes, as well as small amounts of tannins, saponins, essential oils have been isolated from Galium species so far. Plants belonging to this genus have a long history of use in a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Th e main application of G. verum is as diuretic, choleretic and as the treatment for gout and epilepsy. On the other hand, G. mollugo has been used to treat hysteria, epilepsy, as vulnerary. Over the past decades, numerous papers have been published referring to the chemical constituents presented in G. verum and G. mollugo extracts. Additionally, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of G. verum have been investigated, however data related to the effects of G. mollugo is limited. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of G. verum and G. mollugo. Finally, we proposed directions for future research in this field, which can improve our understanding of the potential health benefits of Galium species.

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani ◽  
Motahareh Boozari ◽  
Kobra Shirani ◽  
Amirhossein Jamshidi ◽  
Majid Dadmehr
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Abstract Objectives Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica. Key findings Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects. Summary Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.

Psychedelics and dissociative substances

2020 ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Adam R. Winstock ◽  
James Rucker
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Chronic Use

Psychedelics and hallucinogens represent some of the most commonly used drugs in the world, with a history of use steeped in spirituality, counter-culture, and more recently latent therapeutic potential. Sharing a common mechanism of action at the 5-HT2a receptor, drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, while they can rarely induce significant short-term psychopathology, are remarkably safe physiologically, do not cause dependence, and are now being actively researched again for their therapeutic potential in non-psychotic conditions such as anxiety, addictions, and depression. Ketamine is also being explored as a treatment for resistant depression and is in common use as an anaesthetic. However, it has increasingly become recognized as a drug with abuse potential. Although safe in overdose, ketamine carries acute risks related to vulnerability while intoxicated, and chronic use is associated with urinary tract toxicity.

scholarly journals Limonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Luo ◽  
Wang ◽  
Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Research Directions

Limonin is a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound, which widely exists in Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Phellodendron chinense Schneid., and Coptis chinensis Franch. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of limonin. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of limonin, exploring the therapeutic potential of this compound and looking for ways to improve efficacy and bioavailability. Limonin has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-bacterial and anti-virus, anti-oxidation, liver protection properties. However, limonin has also been shown to lead to hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and genetic damage. Moreover, limonin also has complex impacts on hepatic metabolic enzyme. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that limonin has poor bioavailability, and the reduction, hydrolysis, and methylation are the main metabolic pathways of limonin. We also found that the position and group of the substituents of limonin are key in affecting pharmacological activity and bioavailability. However, some issues still exist, such as the mechanism of antioxidant activity of limonin not being clear. In addition, there are few studies on the toxicity mechanism of limonin, and the effects of limonin concentration on pharmacological effects and toxicity are not clear, and no researchers have reported any ways in which to reduce the toxicity of limonin. Therefore, future research directions include the mechanism of antioxidant activity of limonin, how the concentration of limonin affects pharmacological effects and toxicity, finding ways to reduce the toxicity of limonin, and structural modification of limonin—one of the key methods necessary to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.

scholarly journals Veterinary Drugs Found in Pharmacies in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilsad Onbasli ◽  
Gokcen YUVALI CELIK ◽  
Ahmet CEYLAN ◽  
Merve YUCETURK Azranur DAL
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Drug Form ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Active Substances

In this study veterinary drugs in RxMediapharma ® 2017 which  actively used in pharmacies in Turkey were scanned. These veterinary drugs offered for sale in pharmacies are given active substances, animals used, drug form, route of application, local or imported. According to this result, Ministry of Health Licensed 1; Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Licensed 56 local and 23 imported and a total of 79 veterinary drugs were detected. In addition, when the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Licensed drugs are grouped according to their pharmacological effects, it is determined that the licensed drug group which has the highest number with 43.75% is antibiotics. Although there are various studies concerning veterinary drug, İt is given as Turkey-scale all of these drugs has not been observed in an article expect e-data, and the data collected electronically, has been submitted to any scientific community. For this reason, it is thought that this study, which compiles veterinary drugs emphasizing therapeutic potential, will form the basis for future research.  

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF TRIBAL CLAIMS ON MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. USING PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getsial Sabatini Wallace J ◽  
S. Naveen Kumar ◽  
V. Negasta Smila ◽  
T. Nivitha ◽  
Stalin Nithaniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
History Of

Moringa is a medicinally important genus that has long history of traditional use as a remedy to cure wounds and various ailments such as colds, diabetes, digestive problems etc. In addition, the species is consumed as a source of nutritive food and used as vegetables worldwide. The genus consists of 13 species that have been cultivated throughout Asia and Africa for their multiple purpose use value. The current study is aimed to validate the traditional medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera, provide scientific insights on the phytochemistry, biological activities and thereby correlating its therapeutic potential for future prospects. Analysis of phytochemical profile showed the presence of the major important bioactive compounds (saponin, tannin, flavonoids, phenolics, and reducing sugar) that were assessed in aqueous, methanolic aqueous and acetone-aqueous extracts following standard procedures. This study provides the foundation to explore the tribal medicinal use complemented with the scientific evaluation. Our study reinforce further phytochemical study with advanced technologies for future research opportunities of this species as it is an interesting plant containing commercially important active compounds that enable to determine pharmacological significance, and socio-economic potential.

Di'ao Xinxuekang: Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Zhang ◽  
Lingli Li ◽  
Mingying Deng ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
AiZong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Herbal Preparation ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Di'ao Xinxuekang (DAXXK) is a pure Chinese medicine herbal preparation refined from dioscin extracted from the roots of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk and Diosorea nipponica Makino. Objective: To evaluate the application of DAXXK in Cardiovascular disease. Methods: : We searched and summarized all the studies on DAXXK and Cardiovascular disease in pumend, Google, and CNKI. Results: Modern pharmacological studies have shown that DAXXK has pharmacological effects such as dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and cardiac load, improving hemodynamics, lowering blood lipids and anti-platelet aggregation, and is widely used for the therapy of various kinds of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), angina pectoris (AP) and myocardial infarction. We provide an overview of the clinical efficacy, molecular mechanisms, safety and therapeutic potential of DAXXK in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, aiming to provide clues and evidence for clinical decision-making. Conclusion: DAXXK exerts cardiovascular protection by regulating a variety of cardiovascular disease-related signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Changes of Soybean Protein during Tofu Processing

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Guan ◽  
Xuequn Zhong ◽  
Yuhao Lu ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Rui Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Tofu has a long history of use and is rich in high-quality plant protein; however, its production process is relatively complicated. The tofu production process includes soybean pretreatment, soaking, grinding, boiling, pulping, pressing, and packing. Every step in this process has an impact on the soy protein and, ultimately, affects the quality of the tofu. Furthermore, soy protein gel is the basis for the formation of soy curd. This review summarizes the series of changes in the composition and structure of soy protein that occur during the processing of tofu (specifically, during the pressing, preservation, and packaging steps) and the effects of soybean varieties, storage conditions, soybean milk pretreatment, and coagulant types on the structure of soybean protein and the quality of tofu. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of current research and provide directions for future research in tofu production. This review is aimed at providing a reference for research into and improvement of the production of tofu.

scholarly journals The Random Design Argument

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Design Argument ◽  
Random Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Practice Of Science ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

The "random design argument" is a popular but questionable mode of justification that can be found in the scientific literature. The first part of this argument is that, if God had designed X, the features of X would approximate randomness. The second part of this argument is that a random design can therefore be used as a null hypothesis against which any non-design theory can be weighed. The first part of the argument is problematic because it incorporates theology into the practice of science. The second part of the argument is problematic because the null hypothesis is supposed to be the logical complement of the hypothesis. Despite its logical failings, the random design argument has a long history of use for justifying various scientific hypotheses. This paper documents several areas where the random design argument has been used (both currently and historically) as well as details the logical problems with the argument.

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