scholarly journals The Large Scale Machine Learning in an Artificial Society: Prediction of the Ebola Outbreak in Beijing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Zhichao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Artificial Society ◽  
The City

Ebola virus disease (EVD) distinguishes its feature as high infectivity and mortality. Thus, it is urgent for governments to draw up emergency plans against Ebola. However, it is hard to predict the possible epidemic situations in practice. Luckily, in recent years, computational experiments based on artificial society appeared, providing a new approach to study the propagation of EVD and analyze the corresponding interventions. Therefore, the rationality of artificial society is the key to the accuracy and reliability of experiment results. Individuals’ behaviors along with travel mode directly affect the propagation among individuals. Firstly, artificial Beijing is reconstructed based on geodemographics and machine learning is involved to optimize individuals’ behaviors. Meanwhile, Ebola course model and propagation model are built, according to the parameters in West Africa. Subsequently, propagation mechanism of EVD is analyzed, epidemic scenario is predicted, and corresponding interventions are presented. Finally, by simulating the emergency responses of Chinese government, the conclusion is finally drawn that Ebola is impossible to outbreak in large scale in the city of Beijing.

Influence of medical epidemic prevention and control on the development of sports events based on FPGA system and machine learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wu Jing
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Specific Scheme ◽  
And Control

In year 2020, a large-scale outbreak of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus has affected the development of many industries and enterprises in China. Under the strong leadership of the Chinese government, the development of the epidemic situation in China has been well controlled. The development of various industries also began to show a good situation, many large-scale sports competitions also need to be restored. In order to ensure the normal development of large-scale sports events, we need to consider the development of epidemic situation to determine the time of sports events. Based on the study of FPGA theory, this paper designs a specific scheme of programming and system debugging, which includes a variety of program operations. In order to better predict the situation of the epidemic situation, this paper also uses the basic knowledge of machine learning to establish a relevant model to evaluate the situation of large-scale sports events under the development of the epidemic situation, and provide feasible suggestions for the recovery of large-scale sports events under the epidemic situation.

scholarly journals Equine-Origin Immunoglobulin Fragments Protect Nonhuman Primates from Ebola Virus Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualei Wang ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Shihua He ◽  
Yongkun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
West African ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over 40 Years

ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV) infections result in aggressive hemorrhagic fever in humans, with fatality rates reaching 90% and with no licensed specific therapeutics to treat ill patients. Advances over the past 5 years have firmly established monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based products as the most promising therapeutics for treating EBOV infections, but production is costly and quantities are limited; therefore, MAbs are not the best candidates for mass use in the case of an epidemic. To address this need, we generated EBOV-specific polyclonal F(ab′)2 fragments from horses hyperimmunized with an EBOV vaccine. The F(ab′)2 was found to potently neutralize West African and Central African EBOV in vitro. Treatment of nonhuman primates (NHPs) with seven doses of 100 mg/kg F(ab′)2 beginning 3 or 5 days postinfection (dpi) resulted in a 100% survival rate. Notably, NHPs for which treatment was initiated at 5 dpi were already highly viremic, with observable signs of EBOV disease, which demonstrated that F(ab′)2 was still effective as a therapeutic agent even in symptomatic subjects. These results show that F(ab′)2 should be advanced for clinical testing in preparation for future EBOV outbreaks and epidemics. IMPORTANCE EBOV is one of the deadliest viruses to humans. It has been over 40 years since EBOV was first reported, but no cure is available. Research breakthroughs over the past 5 years have shown that MAbs constitute an effective therapy for EBOV infections. However, MAbs are expensive and difficult to produce in large amounts and therefore may only play a limited role during an epidemic. A cheaper alternative is required, especially since EBOV is endemic in several third world countries with limited medical resources. Here, we used a standard protocol to produce large amounts of antiserum F(ab′)2 fragments from horses vaccinated with an EBOV vaccine, and we tested the protectiveness in monkeys. We showed that F(ab′)2 was effective in 100% of monkeys even after the animals were visibly ill with EBOV disease. Thus, F(ab′)2 could be a very good option for large-scale treatments of patients and should be advanced to clinical testing.

scholarly journals The Role of The Community in Handling The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 803-810
Author(s):  
Abdul Rohim
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The City ◽  
Analyze Data

Coronavirus disease is also known as Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) and was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. This virus spreads rapidly and has reached almost every country, including Indonesia, in just a few months. As a result, numerous countries have implemented regulations imposing lockdowns to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. To control the spread of this virus, Indonesia implemented a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy. The method employed in this study is to analyze data from various reading sources. By comparing journals or articles, references are obtained from online publications with diverse studies. This study utilized five journals as references, all of which demonstrated that community participation in preventing the spread of Covid-19 was in a good category. According to the journals reviewed, information regarding the handling of Covid-19 necessitated the participation of all parties to prevent its spread. From the five journals obtained, all of these journals indicate that the role of the community is required in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 virus.

scholarly journals Ebolavirus Entry: From Molecular Characterization to Drug Discovery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Salata ◽  
Arianna Calistri ◽  
Gualtiero Alvisi ◽  
Michele Celestino ◽  
Cristina Parolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Global Public Health

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most lethal transmissible infections characterized by a high fatality rate, and caused by members of the Filoviridae family. The recent large outbreak of EVD in West Africa (2013-2016), highlighted the worldwide danger of this disease and its impact on global public health and economy. The development of highly needed anti-Filoviridae antivirals has been so far hampered by the shortage of tools to study their life cycle in vitro, and therefore screen for potential active compounds outside a biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. Importantly, the development of surrogate models to in vitro study of Filoviridae entry in a BSL-2 setting, such as viral pseudotypes and Ebola virus like particles, tremendously boosted both our knowledge on viral life cycle and the identification of promising anti-Filoviridae compounds interfering with viral entry. In this context, the combination of such surrogate systems with large-scale small molecule compounds and haploid genetic screenings, as well as rational drug design and drug repurposing approaches will prove priceless in our quest for the development of a treatment for EVD.

scholarly journals A Process Description of Playing to Live! A Community Psychosocial Arts Program During Ebola

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alexis Decosimo ◽  
Jessi E Hanson ◽  
Catherine Reilly Boland ◽  
Deborah Slawson ◽  
Mary Ann Littleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Expressive Arts ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Expressive Arts Therapy ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Community Program ◽  
The Impact

From 2014 to 2015, Liberia experienced the largest Ebola epidemic in world history. The impact of this disease was not only physical; it created fear, loss, and trauma throughout the country. This article will describe the process of three phases of a community-based psychosocial expressive arts program, which used theory from the fields of expressive arts therapy to build mental health capacity during and after the epidemic. This article will highlight the background of Ebola virus disease and the Ebola virus disease epidemic, provide an overview of current theory and research for expressive arts therapy and the impact of trauma, describe the process of how the program developed and was implemented, the process of partnering with the community, program components, the two pilot programs, and the large-scale community program. We performed a mixed-methods analysis of the large-scale program’s activity data to evaluate the impact. The results highlight a positive response from the participating children and facilitators. The authors discuss the findings from the results, best practices, and limitations. Additionally, the authors discuss implications and considerations for future programming.

scholarly journals Lessons about Causes and Management of an Ebola Outbreak

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Aida Elargoubi ◽  
Anis W. Belhaj Khelifa ◽  
Ons Haddad ◽  
Salma Mhalla ◽  
Nabil Sakly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
International Intervention ◽  
Related Service ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

Abstract Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the deadliest viral diseases. It is characterized by a high mortality rate due to the lack of effective and safe treatments or vaccines and its ability to spread at an unstoppable pace. The West Africa outbreak ended but the disease may strike again at any time. The latest epidemic was, by far, the deadliest to date. The most concern was why this outbreak was so different from the previous ones. We proposed in this review firstly to summarize the principal causes of its unprecedented spread and secondly to identify the steps for an effective management approach of a future Ebola outbreak. Attributes of the affected populations and insufficient control efforts were the main reasons of its amplification. This was complicated by a delayed international response. The health crisis was ignored for months until it got out of control. The management of Ebola presents a multitude of challenges in terms of preparedness and capacity to face an outbreak. In addition to the need for adequate health care facilities, ongoing surveillance tools, appropriate training of health workers and raising population awareness, readiness requires a large scale and coordinated international intervention to support affected and at-risk nations, to intensify their response activities and to strengthen their capacities. Constant interventions after the outbreak are still needed to ensure that vital health and related service institutions in these countries are fully prepared to respond to an eminent epidemic.

scholarly journals An Inclusive Examination and Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques in the Domain of Ebola Virus Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S12) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Area Unit

Diseases generated by viruses area unit transmitted, directly and indirectly will cause epidemics and pandemics. Despite the advances in medication and drugs , virus generated infectious diseases are one of the main reason behind death worldwide, particularly in low-income countries .Machine learning and computing are widely utilized in diagnose certain types of cancer from imaging knowledge/data and also in other clinical imaging data based diseases. This paper aims to investigate and compare machine learning classifiers for Ebola Virus Disease. The Kaggle data set for Ebola Virus diseases, containing 2486 instances, has been used as the database for the training and testing. For experimental analysis, we use Naïve Bayes, Random forest, and J 48 classification algorithms and show the results for TPR, precision FPR, F-measure, recall and ROC curve.

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Republic of Guinea 2021: hypotheses of origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kritsky ◽  
S. Keita ◽  
N. Magassouba ◽  
Ya.M. Krasnov ◽  
V.A. Safronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
The Republic

AbstractIn 2013-2016, a large-scale Ebola virus diseas (EVD) outbreak hit the countries of West Africa for the first time. Thus provoking a health crisis. The most affected countries were Sierra Leone, Liberia and the Republic of Guinea. Since the end of the outbreak in 2016, there have been no new cases until recently. In February 2021, the Republic of Guinea announced about laboratory-confirmed EVD cases in its territory.By April 12, 2021, an Ebola virus disease outbreak in the province of N’Zerekore (Gueke sub-prefecture) of the Republic of Guinea had affected 16 people, 9 of whom had died. The origin of this outbreak is still unknown. This paper considers various hypotheses of its emergence. Within the frames of the study sequencing and analysis of the whole genome sequence of the strain that initiated the epidemic process have been carried out. The most likely cause of this outbreak, according to the results obtained, should be deemed a long-term persistence of the virus in the body of survivors, followed by a relapse of the disease and transmission among contact persons.

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