scholarly journals Plasticity, Swell-Shrink, and Microstructure of Phosphogypsum Admixed Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
P. Kasinatha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Microstructural Study ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Index Tests

The study involved utilization of an industrial waste, Phosphogypsum (PG), as an additive to lime stabilization of an expansive soil. Three lime dosages, namely, initial consumption of lime (ICL), optimum lime content (OLC), and less than ICL (LICL), were identified for the soil under study for stabilizing the soil. Along with lime, varying doses of PG were added to the soil for stabilization. The effect of stabilization was studied by performing index tests, namely, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and free swell test, on pulverized remains of failed unconfined compression test specimens. The samples were also subjected to a microstructural study by means of scanning electron microscope. Addition of PG to lime resulted in improvement in the plasticity and swell-shrink characteristics. The microstructural study revealed the formation of a dense compact mass of stabilized soil.

scholarly journals Valorisation of egg shell ash as a potential replacement for lime in stabilization of expansive soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Priya Jothi ◽  
P. Karthika ◽  
S. Kokila ◽  
V. Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Egg Shell

The investigation focussed on the possibility of replacing lime in soil stabilization using Egg Shell Ash (ESA), a waste derived from poultry industry. An expansive soil was characterized for its properties in the lab. The minimum lime content required for modification of soil properties was determined from the Eades and Grim pH test. This lime content came out to be 3%. The lime content was replaced using ESA in the proportions of 33%, 50%, 67% and 100%. Unconfined compression test specimens of dimension 38 mm x 76 mm were cast for different combinations and were cured for periods of 3, 7 and 28 days. Samples were also subjected to 1, 3 and 5 cycles of wetting and drying to understand its durability. After the designated curing periods and cycles of wetting and drying, they were strained axially till failure. Atterberg limits tests were done to determine the plasticity of the stabilized soil. The strength results indicated that ESA cannot be used under normal conditions as a replacement for lime, however, ESA replacement resulted in good durability of the specimens under conditions of wetting and drying. It was concluded that ESA replacement of lime can be adopted in conditions of wetting and drying.

scholarly journals Post Stabilization Performance of Lime Stabilized Soil Admixed with Press Mud

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9198-9202 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Expansive Clays ◽  
Stabilized Soil

In this study the investigational results obtained in the laboratory on expansive soils treated with low-cost materials i.e, lime and press mud are used. It is conducted to check the signs of progress in the properties of expansive soil with Press Mud and lime in varying percentages. The test results such as the Unconfined compression test, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, hydrometer analysis and pH obtained on expansive clays mixed with different proportions of lime and press mud are presented and discussed in this work. From the demonstrated result the addition of Press mud with lime in soil stabilization improves the Unconfined Compressive strength of the soil when compared to lime stabilization alone. The index properties of the soil have also been marginally improved due to the addition of Press mud as an admixture.

scholarly journals Plasticity and Swell-Shrink Behaviour of Electrokinetically Stabilized Virgin Expansive Soil using Calcium Hydroxide and Calcium Chloride Solutions as Cationic Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Archana James ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Elumalai Gomthi ◽  
Karunakaran Kamal Prasath
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This investigation focussed on the plasticity and swell-shrink behaviour of an expansive soil that was stabilized using electro kinetic stabilization (EKS) techniques with cationic fluids for enhancement of stabilization. 0.25 M solutions of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride were used as cationic fluids. An electro kinetic (EK) cell of dimensions 500 mm x 150 mm x 160 mm with inert graphite electrodes of size 140 mm x 160 mm x 5 mm was adopted for the stabilization process, carried out at an applied voltage of 40 V over a period of 6 hours. After the duration of the test, stabilized soil sample was subjected to Atterberg limits and free swell tests to determine its plasticity and swell-shrink characteristics. The results of the investigation found that both fluids were capable of reducing the plasticity and swell-shrink behaviour of the soil with different levels of effectiveness.

scholarly journals Stabilization of black cotton soil using coconut fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.U. Arathi ◽  
K.M. Arhulya ◽  
V. Vinaya ◽  
P.V. Pooja ◽  
V.V. Athira
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Unconfined Compression Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Loaded Structure ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Black cotton soil is a soil with low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. Due to its peculiar characteristics, it forms a very poor foundation material. As black cotton soil is an expansive soil; it creates problem for lightly loaded structure than moderately loaded structure. Through this project, we are trying to study the improvements in the properties of soil by adding coconut fiber of varying percentages. Tests will be conducted to determine liquid limit and unconfined compression strength. Stabilization of soil is an effective method for improving the properties of soil. It has great significance in the future projects. Keywords: Soil stabilization, CBR, Atterberg limits

Utilization of Mosul City Demolition Waste to Improve some Soil Engineering Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 374-382
Author(s):  
Omar K. Mohialdeen ◽  
Suhail I.A. Khattab ◽  
Kossay K. Al-Ahmady
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
The University ◽  
Compaction Properties ◽  
Optimum Water

The present research has been conducted to trace the various effects of Mosul city demolition waste materials (DMs), on the geotechnical properties of clay. The properties of the samples have already been investigated and evaluated. Moreover, cement has been added to upgrade these properties. Finally, the fine demolition has been added to a highly expansive soil selected from the site of the University of Mosul to reduce the swelling potential. In fact, the experimental work includes: The Abrasion, index and compaction properties, swelling and strength of stabilized and treated expansive soil. The laboratory tests include the testing of consistency limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), compaction (standard and modified), swelling, consolidation, and Abrasion test by Los Angeles Machine. The Results show that, increasing the old and new demolition (OD and ND) percentages lead to a decrease of liquid limit and plasticity index of clay, respectively. The increase in maximum γdry for the clay has been noticed when the OD and ND content has been added from 5 to 25%. A reduction of optimum water content (opt) for clay was optimized also by increasing the demolitions percentage to 25%. Also, the UCS strength values of the clay have been increased by increasing the demolition materials (DMs) percentage from 5 to 25%. The odometer characteristics, including the swelling and consolidation of DMs-clay mixtures, were controlled mainly by the type of the demolition. The final result indicates that the presence of old and new demolition waste could improve the clay engineering properties of the stabilized soil. Untreated and cement treated (OD) and (ND) materials could be successfully used as a base or sub-base for road.

Effect of chemical stabilisation on index and engineering properties of a remoulded expansive soil

2021 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-142
Author(s):  
E. Ramanjaneya Raju ◽  
B. R. Phanikumar ◽  
M. Heeralal
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Furnace Slag

This note presents the effect of lime, cement, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on free swell index (FSI), liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), compaction characteristics, hydraulic conductivity (k) and strength characteristics of an expansive soil. The effect of the above chemicals on California bearing ratio (CBR) was also presented. Lime content was varied as 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% and the amounts of other additives were varied as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight of the soil. FSI, LL and PI decreased significantly with increasing additive contents. Compaction characteristics also improved with increasing additive contents. Strength characteristics showed improvement at higher additive contents especially at higher curing periods. CBR (determined in soaked condition) also increased significantly with increasing additive contents.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Polypropylene Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Adnan Hussein ◽  
Haifaa Abd Al-Rasool Ali
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Dry Soil

Current research main aim is to study the effect of adding polypropylene fiber (PPF) on the behavior of expansive soil to reduce the swelling as percentage (0.5, 1 and 2%) of the weight of dry soil. Expansive soil used in this research was prepared artificially by mixing Ca-based bentonite from geological survey and mining company with sandy soil brought from Karbala city as percentage 80% bentonite to 20% sand of dry weight. Multiple laboratory tests have been carried are (Unconfined Compression Test, One-Dimensional Consolidation Test, Swelling Test, Sieve Analysis and Cycle Swell Shrink Test). A conventional odometer cell was modified to allow the study of swell- shrink cycle test to be carried out under controlled temperatures and surcharge pressure. The results showed that the increase in percentage of (PPF) led to decrease the swelling and to increase the unconfined compression strength. The wetting and drying results of (PPF) showed that with continuous cycles the effect of (PPF) keeps on reducing the swelling and the 2% of (PPF) produces less ratio of swell - shrink, which has obtained higher than 57 % in the improvement factor of swell and shrink.

Study Of The Effectiveness Of The Use Of Gypsum And Volcanic Ash On Stability Of The Clay Soil Based On The CBR Value And The Unconfined Compression Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ade Indra Utama Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Native Soil

Stabilization is one of the efforts to improve the condition of the soil which has a poor index of properties. One of the soil stabilization that is usually done is by adding chemicals to the soil. Chemicals commonly used in the form of cement, lime, bitumen. In this study, the stabilization of clay was carried out by adding gypsum and volcanic ash. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the index properties due to the addition of 2% gypsum and volcanic ash on the clay soil, then to determine the maximum compressive strength value due to the addition of variations in stabilizing materials by testing the Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) and testing the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). ) laboratory. From the research, it was found that the original soil sample had a moisture content of 12.42%; specific weight 2.65; liquid limit 46.82% and plasticity index 29.40%. The original soil classification according to USCS is classified as Clay – Low Plasticity (CL) and according to AASHTO it is classified as A-7-6 (10). Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) values ​​for native soil and native soil plus 2% gypsum were 1.40 kg/cm2 and 1.66 kg/cm2. The laboratory CBR values ​​for soaked and unsoaked for the original soil were 4.44% and 6.28%, respectively. While the laboratory CBR values ​​soaked and unsoaked for the original soil plus 2% gypsum were 6.74% and 8.02%, respectively.The most effective results were obtained from a mixture of 2% gypsum and 10% volcanic ash with a UCT value of 2.79 kg/cm2 (an increase of 99.28%). For laboratory CBR testing, the most effective mixture was on a mixed variation of 2% gypsum and 9% volcanic ash with laboratory CBR values ​​soaked and unsoaked of 9.07% (an increase of 104.27% from the original soil) and 10 ,29% (an increase of 63.85% from the original land). The soil that has been mixed with the most effective stabilizer material, namely 2% gypsum and 9% volcanic ash is classified as Clay - Low Plasticity (CL) based on the USCS classification and is classified as A-6 (4) based on the AASHTO classification.

scholarly journals Perilaku Geser Tanah yang Distabilisasi dengan Abu Ampas Tebu-Semen dan Inklusi Serat Polyester

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
John Tri Hatmoko ◽  
Hendra Suryadharma
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Polyester Fibre ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Bagasse ash is a fine residue collected from the burning of bagasse in sugar factory, and it behaves as pozzolanic materials. In addition, engineering behaviour of bagasse ash can be improved by addition of cement containing high calcium. Recently, research about cement stabilized soil is continuously in progress. In this paper, a set of experiment programs were done to investigate the randomly oriented polyester fibre  inclusion in bagasse ash-cement stabilized soil.  Bagasse ash was mixed with clay in different proportions. To get the optimum curing period,  it was done light compaction test of soil with 8% cement cured with 7, 14, 21, 28 and 36 days curing period,  that was found on 28 days. The next experiment was compaction test on soil + 8% cement + 3,6,9 and 12% bagasse ash to obtain optimum bagasse ash proportion. The result indicated that optimum bagasse ash content was 9%. To ensure this result, unconfined compression test was done on the same sample. Finally, light compaction, unconfined compression and direct shear tests were done on : soil + 8% cement + 9% bagasse ash +  polyester fibre with 28 days curing period. The results showed that maximum dry density and optimum moisture content was not influenced by fibre inclusion, whereas the increase of shear strength of stabilized soil with fibre inclusion  was mainly due to improvement of internal friction angle. In unconfined compression test, the unconfined compression strength of stabilized soil was significantly improved by fibre inclusion.

scholarly journals Effect of Curing Conditions and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Strength of an Expansive Soil Stabilized with a Combination of Lime, Jaggery, and Gallnut Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
S. Karthickeyan ◽  
S. Chidambaram ◽  
B. Dayanandan ◽  
K. Karthick
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Materials Used

This investigation involved the utilization of the combination of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder, adopted in South India traditionally. This combination of materials, used for the manufacture of lime-based mortars, was adopted in stabilization of an expansive soil. Three combinations of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder (LJG) in the ratios of 8 : 2 : 2, 8 : 2 : 1, and 8 : 1 : 2 were put into use. The effect of subjecting the combinations to alternate cycles of freeze-thaw (up to 3 cycles) and three different curing conditions of air, moisture, and heat was also investigated. In addition, a mineralogical investigation for studying the reaction products was also carried out. The investigation proceeded with the determination of the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of stabilized specimens of dimensions 38 mm × 76 mm, cured for periods of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results of the investigation revealed that the addition of LJG resulted in an increase in the strength of the stabilized soil. Freeze-thaw cycles resulted in a reduction in strength with LJG821 proving to be the most optimal combination developing the maximum strength and least strength loss due to freeze-thaw cycles. Thermal curing proved to be the most optimal curing condition out of all curing conditions evaluated.

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