scholarly journals Observations of Unexpected Short-Term Heating in the Uppermost Layer of the Dead Sea after a Sharp Decrease in Solar Radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kishcha ◽  
Boris Starobinets ◽  
Isaac Gertman ◽  
Tal Ozer ◽  
Pinhas Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Buoy Measurements

The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. Observational evidence has been obtained of unexpected short-term water heating in the 2 m uppermost layer of this hypersaline lake, following a sharp drop in solar radiation under weak winds. This was carried out using Dead Sea buoy measurements. Passing frontal cloudiness mixed with significant dust pollution over the Judean Mountains and the Dead Sea, which occurred on March 22, 2013, led to a dramatic drop in noon solar radiation from 860 W m−2 to 50 W m−2. This drop in solar radiation caused a short-term (1-hour) pronounced temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the sea down to 2 m depth. After the sharp drop in noon solar radiation, in the absence of water mixing, buoy measurements showed that the temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the Dead Sea took place for a shorter time and was more pronounced than the temperature rise under the regular diurnal solar cycle. The water heating could be explained by gravitational instability in the skin-surface layer, when the warm surface water with the increased salinity and density submerged, thereby increasing temperature in the layers below.

Foehn-induced effects on local dust pollution, frontal clouds and solar radiation in the Dead Sea valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kishcha ◽  
Boris Starobinets ◽  
Amit Savir ◽  
Pinhas Alpert ◽  
Michael Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Local Dust

Seasonal and diurnal evaporation from a deep hypersaline lake: The Dead Sea as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 562 ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hamdani ◽  
S. Assouline ◽  
J. Tanny ◽  
I.M. Lensky ◽  
I. Gertman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals The sub-Recent <i>Bradleytriebella lineata</i> (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Mischke
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Abiotic Habitat ◽  
Stream Waters

Abstract. Sub-Recent ostracod valves of Bradleytriebella lineata (Victor &amp; Fernando, 1981) were recorded in Nahal Bokek only in 2008 but not during subsequent surveys in 2010 and 2013. Nahal Bokek, a stream entering the Dead Sea from its western escarpment, represents the species’ single record in Israel, far away from its main Afrotropical and South to East Asia distribution. The temporary colonization of Nahal Bokek by B. lineata probably resulted from the suitability of the thermal stream waters for occupation and the subsequent termination of the population only six days after the collection of the sub-Recent valves during a flood on 24 October 2008. The preceding flood on 30 February 2008 restricts the period of possible stream inhabitation by B. lineata to a duration of eight months. Thus, the record of sub-Recent valves of B. lineata in Nahal Bokek represents an exceptional example of short-term occupation of a hydrologically dynamic flood-controlled water body by a species far away from its main geographical distribution. The recognition of Nahal Bokek as a stream fed mainly by thermal waters shows that the documentation of the abiotic habitat characteristics is a prerequisite for the understanding of the occurrence of a species outside its proper range of distribution.

scholarly journals Diurnal Course of Evaporation From the Dead Sea in Summer: A Distinct Double Peak Induced by Solar Radiation and Night Sea Breeze

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Lensky ◽  
I. M. Lensky ◽  
A. Peretz ◽  
I. Gertman ◽  
J. Tanny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Double Peak ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
The Dead

Asymmetry in surface temperature between the east and west sides of the Dead Sea under uniform solar radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kishcha ◽  
Boris Starobinets ◽  
Rachel Pinker ◽  
Pavel Kunin ◽  
Pinhas Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The West ◽  
The Dead

&lt;p&gt;The Dead Sea is a terminal hypersaline lake with a depth of ~300 m, at a unique location approximately 430 m below sea level. Because of very high salinity of ~300 g/kg of Dead Sea water, the non-linear absorption of solar radiation is of an order of magnitude greater than that in fresh-water lakes. Consequently, by contrast to surface water temperature in fresh-water lakes, Dead Sea surface temperature is influenced by wind speed and water mixing. In the absence of vertical water mixing under weak winds, solar radiation in the summer months leads to significant warming of Dead Sea surface water. Under such conditions, daytime sea surface temperature (SST) could reach land surface temperature (LST) over land areas adjacent to the lake. This could lead to an essential reduction of surface heat flow from land to sea and, consequently, significant surface heating of land areas adjacent to the lake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pronounced asymmetry has been obtained in daytime surface temperature between the east and west sides of the Dead Sea. This asymmetry was observed in the summer months, under uniform solar radiation. Our findings are based on MODIS data (2002&amp;#8211;2016) on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. MODIS data showed that, on average for the 15-year study period, daytime SST over the eastern part of the lake exceeded that over the western part by 5 &amp;#176;C. This SST asymmetry (observed in the absence of surface heat flow from land to sea at the eastern side) was accompanied by the asymmetry in LST over areas adjacent to the Dead Sea. Specifically, LST over areas adjacent to the east side exceeded that over areas adjacent to the west side by 10 &amp;#176;C. Such LST difference is the characteristic feature of the hypersaline Dead Sea. In addition to MODIS records (on board the two orbital satellites - Terra and Aqua), Meteosat Second Generation records (on board the geostationary satellites) proved the presence of daytime SST/LST asymmetry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regional atmospheric warming led to a decrease in the SST asymmetry during the study period. Temperature difference between daytime SST over the east part and that over the west of the Dead Sea steadily decreased at the rate of 0.32 &amp;#176;C decade&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, based on MODIS/Terra data, and 0.54 &amp;#176;C decade&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, based on MODIS/Aqua data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found that the Weather Forecast and Research (WRF) model distribution of skin temperature over land and sea does not correspond to satellite observations. At midday, over the sea, WRF was incapable of reproducing the observed SST asymmetry. Over land areas adjacent to both the west and east sides of the lake, WRF incorrectly showed that modeled skin temperature increases with its approach to the coastline. The application to modeling of the observed SST/LST asymmetry in existing regional models will improve simulations of atmospheric dynamics over the Dead Sea.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reference:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;#160;Kishcha P., Starobinets B., Pinker R., Kunin P., Alpert P. (2020). Spatial non-uniformity of surface temperature of the Dead Sea and adjacent land areas. &lt;em&gt;Remote Sensing,&lt;/em&gt; Special Issue: Lake Remote Sensing, 12(1), 107; doi:10.3390/rs12010107.&lt;/p&gt;

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