scholarly journals Optimal Pricing Strategies and Customers’ Equilibrium Behavior in an Unobservable M/M/1 Queueing System with Negative Customers and Repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Queueing System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Negative Customers ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Pricing Schemes

This work investigates the optimal pricing strategies of a server and the equilibrium behavior of customers in an unobservable M/M/1 queueing system with negative customers and repair. In this work, we consider two pricing schemes. The first is termed the ex-post payment scheme, where the server charges a price that is proportional to the time spent by a customer in the system. The second scheme is the ex-ante payment scheme, where the server charges a flat rate for all services. Based on the reward-cost structure, the server (or system manager) should make optimal pricing decisions in order to maximize its expected profit per time unit in each payment scheme. This study also investigates equilibrium joining/balking behavior under the server’s optimal pricing strategies in the two pricing schemes. We show, given a customer’s equilibrium, that the two pricing schemes are perfectly identical from an economic point of view. Finally, we illustrate the effect of several system parameters on the optimal joining probabilities, the optimal price, and the equilibrium behavior via numerical examples.

scholarly journals Pricing Analysis in Geo/Geo/1 Queueing System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Zaiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Queueing System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante

This paper studies the equilibrium behavior of customers and optimal pricing strategies of servers in a Geo/Geo/1 queueing system. Two common pricing mechanisms are considered. The first one is called ex-post payment (EPP) scheme where the server collects tolls proportional to queue times, and the second one is called ex-ante payment (EAP) scheme where the server charges a flat fee for the total service. The server sets the toll price to maximize its own profit. It is found that, under a customer’s choice equilibrium, the two toll mechanisms are equivalent from the economic point of view. Finally, we present several numerical experiments to investigate the effects of system parameters on the equilibrium customer joining rate and servers’ profits.

Irrwege der Klimapolitik – Anmerkungen aus volkswirtschaftlicher Sicht / Wrong Tracks of Climate Policy – Notes from an Economic Point of view

ORDO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schöler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Räumliche Verteilung

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die Klimapolitik der Kohlendioxid-Vermeidung kritisiert und dieser Politik die ex-post-Schadensbehebung als Strategie gegenübergestellt. Diese weist vielfältige Vorteile auf. Zunächst sind die Klimamodelle, die einen weitgehend monokausalen Zusammenhang zwischen einem anthropogenen Kohlendioxid-Ausstoß und Klimaveränderung prognostizieren, mit bedeutenden Unsicherheiten behaftet. Weiterhin erzeugt die Politik der Kohlendioxid-Vermeidung erhebliche volkswirtschaftliche Kosten, die vermutlich ein Vielfaches der Kosten betragen, die eine nachträgliche Behebung der Schäden, die durch Klimaveränderungen hervorgerufen werden, ausmachen. Ferner hat die vorgeschlagene Strategie den Vorzug, dass im Nachhinein Art, Umfang und räumliche Verteilung der Schäden bekannt sind und durch gezielte Beseitigung behoben werden können. Schließlich sind dazu kleine, in ihrer Reichweite begrenzte und korrigierbare Maßnahmen einsetzbar, die einen Verzicht auf Großprojekte mit ihren nicht abschätzbaren Folgen erlauben.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

Bleak Weather for Sun-Shine AG: A Case Study of Impairment of Assets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Detzen ◽  
Tobias Stork genannt Wersborg ◽  
Henning Zülch
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Instructional Resource

ABSTRACT This case originates from a real-life business situation and illustrates the application of impairment tests in accordance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP. In the first part of the case study, students examine conceptual questions of impairment tests under IFRS and U.S. GAAP with respect to applicable accounting standards, definitions, value concepts, and frequency of application. In addition, the case encourages students to discuss the impairment regime from an economic point of view. The second part of the instructional resource continues to provide instructors with the flexibility of applying U.S. GAAP and/or IFRS when students are asked to test a long-lived asset for impairment and, if necessary, allocate any potential impairment. This latter part demonstrates that impairment tests require professional judgment that students are to exercise in the case.

The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research

This chapter presents an overview of how D&I research can be evaluated from an economic point of view. Dissemination and implementation imposes costs upon knowledge purveyors, provider organizations, public health organizations, and payers (including governments). However, whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, perhaps more importantly, client outcomes and improvements in population health remain as open questions. If emerging studies reveal that defined implementation strategies are more cost effective than “usual” implementation, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added costs of implementation in order to assure the success and sustainability of high-quality health services over the long term.

scholarly journals Pricing Strategies of Logistics Distribution Services for Perishable Commodities

Algorithms ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Taoying Li
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Distribution Services ◽  
Perishable Goods

The problem of pricing distribution services is challenging due to the loss in value of product during its distribution process. Four logistics service pricing strategies are constructed in this study, including fixed pricing model, fixed pricing model with time constraints, dynamic pricing model, and dynamic pricing model with time constraints in combination with factors, such as the distribution time, customer satisfaction, optimal pricing, etc. By analyzing the relationship between optimal pricing and key parameters (such as the value of the decay index, the satisfaction of consumers, dispatch time, and the storage cost of the commodity), it is found that the larger the value of the attenuation coefficient, the easier the perishable goods become spoilage, which leads to lower distribution prices and impacts consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the analysis of the average profit of the logistics service providers in these four pricing models shows that the average profit in the dynamic pricing model with time constraints is better. Finally, a numerical experiment is given to support the findings.

scholarly journals The “Zero Miles Product” Concept Applied to Biofuel Production: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Kaae Kirk ◽  
Clara Navarrete ◽  
Jakob Ellegaard Juhl ◽  
José Luis Martínez ◽  
Alessandra Procentese
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
High Sugar Content

To make biofuel production feasible from an economic point of view, several studies have investigated the main associated bottlenecks of the whole production process through approaches such as the “cradle to grave” approach or the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, being the main constrains the feedstock collection and transport. Whilst several feedstocks are interesting because of their high sugar content, very few of them are available all year around and moreover do not require high transportation’ costs. This work aims to investigate if the “zero miles” concept could bring advantages to biofuel production by decreasing all the associated transport costs on a locally established production platform. In particular, a specific case study applied to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) campus is used as example to investigate the advantages and feasibility of using the spent coffee grounds generated at the main cafeteria for the production of bioethanol on site, which can be subsequently used to (partially) cover the campus’ energy demands.

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