scholarly journals Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Warui Kariuki ◽  
Jackson Wachira ◽  
Millien Kawira ◽  
Genson Murithi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Formaldehyde-based resins are conventionally used as a binder in formulation of particleboard. Epidemiologic studies have shown that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce the health hazard effects of the fomaldehyde-based resin in the particleboard formulation have included use of scavengers for formaldehydes and use of an alternative binder. Use of scavengers for the formaldehyde increases the cost and maintenance of particleboard formulation. There is no proof that scavengers eliminate the emission of formaldehyde from particleboard. Use of biobased binders in particleboard formulation provides an alternative for eliminating use of the formaldehyde-based resin. However, the alternative is hindered by challenges, which include limitations of physical and mechanical properties. The challenge has continuously been acted upon through research. The paper presents an overview of the use of starch as an alternative binder. Improvement over time of the starch and limitations thereof requires to be addressed. Use of the modified starch has shown increased particleboard performance. Mechanical strength, such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding in particleboards, however, remains to be a challenge.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA BERDASARKAN JUMLAH LAPISAN PENYUSUN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayang Archila ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
Dina Setyawati ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Sago Bark

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the number of composite layers on the quality of the composite board from sago bark waste and plastic waste, and the number of composite layers that produce the best quality on composite board. The composite board is made with size 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The composition and division of the material was carried out manually with the polypropylene distribution divided into three parts: the front and rear respectively of 15%, and the center 70% of the plastic weight. Target density of composite boards was 0.7 g / cm3. The treatment used is based on the number of layers composing, which is 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers and 13 layers. After mixed the sago bark particle and waste of polypropylene, the materials then compressed with hot press at 180oC with pressure about ± 25 kg / cm2 for 10 minutes. The composite boards then tested the quality included physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Physical properties consist of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. Mechanical properties consist of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, and modulus of screw holding strength. The study used a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed the average value of composite density was range between 0.6962 – 0.7896 g/cm3, the moisture content was range between 4.3388 % - 6.8066%, the thickness swelling was range between 8.2605% - 11.9615%, and water absorption was range between 17.2380% - 22.3867%. The average value of modulus of rupture was range between 60,0632 kg/cm2 – 64,4068 kg/cm2, the modulus of elasticity was range between 17935,1813g/cm2 – 32841,8278 kg/cm2, the internal bonding was range between 1,9268 kg/cm2  - 5,4119 kg/cm2, and the modulus of screw holding strength was range between 78,2530 kg/cm2 – 92,9677 kg/cm2. The composite board made from sago stem bark waste and polypropylene waste plastic with 13 layers treatment is the best composite board and fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Keywords: bark of sago, composite boards, layer of composite, polypropylenes plastic, waste

scholarly journals Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments on various physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus) wood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9596-9610
Author(s):  
Yali Shao ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Zhangjing Chen ◽  
Sunguo Wang ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Maximum Thickness

Poplar (Populus) wood was subjected in this work to thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment. The influence of the treatment parameters on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The wood samples were densified under three compression ratios (0%, 30%, and 50%), and thermally treated at three temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C), at three thermal treatment durations (3 h, 4 h, and 5 h). The density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, radial hardness, and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that the densities of the samples increased by 36.6% to 49.7%. As the compression rate increased, the temperature, duration, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness increased. However, the dimensions of the densified samples were less stable. Compared to the densified samples, the maximum thickness swelling could be reduced by 74% (from 29.7% to 7.8%) when subjected to a thermal treatment at 220 °C for 3 h.

scholarly journals Properties of Particleboard in Correlation with Mat Weight and Press Factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6803-6807
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Manufacturing Control ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

The influence of resin types on board properties and the correlation to mat weight and press factor on commercial production of particleboard were investigated. These factors could be used as the control mechanism for board making in order to predict final board properties. The resins used in this study were the lower emission resin E0, E1 and EC. Rubberwood and mix tropical species were used as raw material for manufacturing particleboard with thickness of 18mm. This research was done at Mieco Chipboard Bhd. The boards were tested for their mechanical properties which are modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB) and screw withdrawal. Overall, the result shows that board made from E0 resin had better MOE, MOR and IB. Meanwhile the result of screw edge showed that board made from E1 resin is better with the value of 510N. The result also showed high correlation between mat weight and press factor (0.937) and contributed in particleboard manufacturing control

scholarly journals Properties of Particleboard from Sawmill Wastes and Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) with Different Board Thickness and Resin Content

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6808-6812
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Board Thickness ◽  
European Standards

This study investigate the effect of the board thickness and resin content on the properties of particleboard. Single-layered sawmill wastes and rubberwood particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resins were manufactured. The boards were fabricated with three different board thicknesses (15, 18 and 25mm) at three different resin contents (7, 8 and 9%). The boards produced were evaluated for their modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) in accordance with the European Standards. Board thickness does affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. The study revealed that thinner boards gave higher MOE, MOR, IB and TS. No significant effects were found among three resin contents for MOE, MOR, IB and TS. It can be concluded that the particleboard made from mix tropical wood from sawmill waste and with rubberwood were suitable for particleboard manufacturing.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Corncob and Sawdust Cement Bonded Ceiling Boards

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoyebi Olumoyewa Dotun ◽  
Odeyemi Samson Olalekan ◽  
Azeez Lateef Olugbenga ◽  
Modupe Abayomi Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
American National Standard Institute ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Thickness Swelling

This study considered the production of composite ceiling boards from both agricultural and industrial wastes. Boards with different blending proportions by weight of cement, corncob and sawdust (Cem:Ccb:Swd) were produced and tested. Physical and mechanical tests such as Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were carried out on the products. The findings revealed that the board with Cem:Ccb:Swd blending proportion 50:10:40 gave the highest values of MOE and MOR and also had the lowest values of WA and TS. The MOE and MOR values of 3.432 are both higher than the minimum values of 550 N/mm2 and 3 N/mm2 specified for MOE and MOR respectively by the American National Standard Institute, for general-use particle boards. The cement content is inversely proportional to the physical properties and directly proportional to the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The effect of mat layers moisture content on some properties of particleboard

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Abdullah Istek ◽  
Ismail Ozlusoylu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internal Bonding Strength

In this study, the effect of mat moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard was investigated. The experimental boards were produced by using 40 % softwood, 45 % hardwood chips, and 15 % sawdust. The formaldehyde resin/adhesive was used in three-layers (bottom-top layer 12 %, core layer 8 %). Multi-opening press was used during manufacturing the experimental particleboards. The physical and mechanical properties of boards obtained were identified according to the TS-EN standards. The optimum core layer moisture content was determined as 6 % and 7 % according to the results, whereas the moisture content of bottom and top layers was 14 %. Under these moisture content conditions, the bending strength was found to be 13.3 N/mm², the modulus of elasticity in bending 2466 N/mm², and internal bonding strength 0.44 N/mm². The optimum bottom-top layer moisture content was determined to be between 13 % and 15 % and 6.5 % for the core layer.

scholarly journals Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen dari Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Board Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibers)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Cement Board

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber were industrial waste that has not been widely used by the community, only stacked and cause odors that interfere with the surrounding environment. This research studied the utilization of OPEFB fiber for cement board products using cement as resin and CaCl2 as accelerator. Laboratory scale cement board made from OPEFB fiber were mixed with cement, and CaCl2. The composition of fiber and cement were 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, and CaCl2 variations were 0%, 1% and 3%. A mixture of fibers, cement and CaCl2 was compressed at the pressure of 4 ton for 24 hours. The cement boards were tested for physical and mechanical properties according to JIS A 5417-1992, and the results were compared to the requirements of the cement board JIS A 5417-1992. Cement board made from fiber and cement composition 1:1.5 and CaCl2 content 3% produced moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, density, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength that met the requirement of JIS A 5417-1992. The composition of fiber and cement and the variations of CaCl2 content produced significant effect on water content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength on cement boards.Keywords : oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber, cement boards, physical and mechanical properties

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERENDAMAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS TEBU (Saccharum officinarum)

PERENNIAL ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Apri Heri Iswanto ◽  
Zahrial Coto ◽  
Kurniawansyah Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Holding Power

The objective of this research is to research the effect of particle soaking to physical and mechanical properties particleboard that resulted. The best result of particleboard is particleboard with treatment of hot water soaking. From this result obtained average of physical properties of particleboard (i.e. density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling) are 0.7 g/cm3; 9.58%; 52.27%; 10.05%. While the result average of mechanical properties of particleboard (i.e. Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity, Internal Bond and Screw Holding Power) are 118.79 kg/cm2; 8.909 kg/cm2; 1.85 kg/cm2; 28.40 kg. Key words: Soaking, bagasse, particleboard, physical and mechanical properties References

SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL TANPA PEREKAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis Guineensis acq)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Tri Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This research aimed to get the physical and mechanical properties of non adhesive-particle board from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The oil palm empty fruit bunches were degradated to fibre and boiled in boiling water during 60 minute then dried in ± 2 weeks. The dried raw material was chopped to be fibre in 5 mesh, 10 mesh, and 16 mesh. It were complied into a mold and then hot pressed in 35 kgf/cm2 pressure during 10 minute with 3 of temperature variety, 160°C, 180°C and 200°C. The result showed that the average of particle board water content was 7,11 -  9,85 % and the density was 0,63 – 0,76 gr/cm3. The highest thickness swelling was 22,59 % in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The modulus of rupture was 211,67 kg/cm2  in 10 mesh and 180 0C (a2b2) temperature. The modulus of elasticity was 490,85 kg/cm2 in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature. The tensile strength was 7,49 kg/cm2 in 5 mesh and 200 0C (a1b3) temperature. The average of physical and mechanical properties such as water content, density, modulus of rupture, tensile strength were fulfill the SNI requirement, while the average of thickness swelling and modulus of elasticity were not fulfill the SNI requirement.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, particle board

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