scholarly journals Imagery Ability and Imagery Perspective Preference: A Study of Their Relationship and Age- and Gender-Related Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karen P. Y. Liu ◽  
Monica Lai ◽  
Shirley S. M. Fong ◽  
Michelle Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temporal Congruence ◽  
Imagery Perspective ◽  
And Gender

This study examined if imagery ability (i.e., vividness and temporal congruence between imagined and executed knee extensions) and imagery perspective preference were affected by ageing and gender. Ninety-four participants, 31 young, 43 intermediate, and 20 older adults completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 and a knee extension temporal congruence test to reflect on their imagery ability and an imagery perspective preference test. Male participants had a better imagery ability than the female participants (F 4,85=2.84, p=.029, η2=.118). However, significant age-related changes in imagery ability were not found in the three age groups. Change in imagery perspective preference with a trend towards an external imagery perspective was observed with ageing (F 3,89=3.16, p=.028, η2=.096) but not between male and female. The results suggest that imagery ability may be preserved with ageing. As individuals age, their preference for using an imagery perspective shifts from a more internal to a more external perspective. This understanding is important when designing future imagery research and real-life application or clinical intervention.

Age- and gender-related normative value of whole-body sagittal alignment based on 584 asymptomatic Chinese adult population from age 20 to 89

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hu ◽  
GCW Man ◽  
KH Yeung ◽  
WH Cheung ◽  
WCW Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender

To establish the age- and sex-related normative values of sagittal alignment in asymptomatic Chinese adults, and to investigate the changes and possible associated compensation mechanisms across age groups. 584 asymptomatic Chinese adults aged 20–89 years were recruited. Subjects were grouped according to age and gender. Whole-body standing radiographs were acquired for evaluating sagittal alignment from spine to lower limb. Sagittal parameters between gender in different age groups were compared via independent t test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to demonstrate relationships between parameters. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) increased steadily while lumbar lordosis decreased gradually in both genders. Pelvic tilt (PT) in male is greater than in female across all age groups with age related gradual increase. There were significant differences between male and female from 20s to 60s in terms of knee flexion angle (KA) and ankle dorsiflexion angle (AA), but the differences were not significant after 60s. T1 pelvic angle (TPA) was significantly correlated with spinal, pelvic and lower-limb alignment. The older group (≥50 years) had a stronger correlation of TPA with PT and KA, whereas the younger (<50 years) had stronger correlation with TK. This study comprehensively presented the normative sagittal alignment based on a large asymptomatic population, which could serve as an age- and gender-specific reference value for spine surgeons when planning for correction surgery. Age can influence the recruitment of compensation mechanism that involve more pelvic and lower limb mechanisms for elderly people.

scholarly journals Upper Lip Horizontal Line: Characteristics of a Dynamic Facial Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6672
Author(s):  
Alexander D Vardimon ◽  
Nir Shpack ◽  
Atalia Wasserstein ◽  
Marilena Skyllouriotou ◽  
Morris Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gummy Smile

Background: Upper lip appearance received major attention with the introduction of diverse treatment modalities, including lip augmentation, rhinoplasty surgery, and dental treatment designed to support the upper lip. Our objectives were to define the prevalence and characteristics of the upper lip horizontal line (ULHL), which is a dynamic line appearing during a smile, in relation to gender, malocclusions, aging, and facial morphology. Methods: First, the prevalence and gender distribution of ULHL was examined from standardized en-face imaging at full smile of 643 randomly selected patients. Second, cephalometric and dental cast model analyses were made for 97 consecutive patients divided into three age groups. Results: ULHL appears in 13.8% of the population examined, and prevailed significantly more in females (78%). The prevalence of ULHL was not related to age nor to malocclusion. Patients presenting ULHL showed shorter upper lip and deeper lip sulcus. The skeletal pattern showed longer mid-face, shorter lower facial height and greater prevalence of a gummy smile. Conclusions: Female patients with short upper lip, concavity of the upper lip, and gummy smile are more likely to exhibit ULHL. The ULHL is not age-related and can be identified in children and young adults. Therefore, it should be considered when selecting diverse treatment modalities involving the upper lip.

Olfactory Acuity as a Function of Age and Gender: A Comparison of African and American Samples

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton E. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
International Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Survey Responses

A frequently reported finding in age-related sensory impairment is that olfaction shows consistent and uniform decline with age. In most studies, discerning whether loss in olfaction is due to aging per se or to factors extrinsic to the aging process (e.g., smoking, chemical exposure, head injury) is difficult. Moreover, studies of olfaction have generally relied on data collected from samples drawn primarily from Western societies. As such, little is known regarding differences in olfaction involving non-Western cultures. Using international data from the 1986 National Geographic Smell Survey, responses of 19,219 American respondents and 3,204 respondents from Africa were analyzed. All respondents were screened for factors negatively affecting olfaction. Measures of olfactory acuity included odor detection, identification, intensity, and quality. The odor of interest was androstenone, a scent produced by bacteria on the human body and appearing in sweat. The results indicate that some measures of olfactory acuity tend to decline across age groups, but that this decline is less marked than reported in previous studies. The most important finding is that loss of olfaction is not consistent or uniform between geographic regions of America or Africa, between male vs. female respondents, or among the four measures of olfactory acuity. African respondents (both men and women) had significantly higher percentages of detection than did American respondents, women generally reported higher levels of olfactory functioning than did men, and some measures of olfaction were stable across age groups, or were higher among older respondents (e.g., odor identification).

scholarly journals Association between musculoskeletal function deterioration and locomotive syndrome in the general elderly population: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Tokida ◽  
Shota Ikegami ◽  
Jun Takahashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Ido ◽  
Ayaka Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Locomotive Syndrome ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Function ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Background: Locomotive syndrome (LoS) is defined as the loss of mobility due to age-related impairment of motor organs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of LoS, muscular strength and balancing ability, and prevalence of sarcopenia in relation to the presence of LoS according to sex and age groups ranging between 50-89 years.Methods: Male and female participants between the ages of 50-89 were randomly selected in the resident registry of a cooperating town. Calls for participation continued until approximately 50 consenting participants were successfully recruited for each age group and sex. A total of 413 participants (203 male and 210 female) were enrolled for undergoing a LoS risk test and measuring their physical function. Physical function was compared to participants with or without LoS.Results: A total of 312 patients (75.5%) were diagnosed as LoS, of which 144 (46.2%) were male and 168 (53.8%) were female. The severity of LoS for the 312 patients were 210 (67.3%) for stage 1 and 102 (32.7%) for stage 2. The prevalence of LoS in males were 37%, 59%, 91%, and 100% in the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s age strata, respectively. The prevalence of LoS in females were 71%, 62%, 89%, and 98% in the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s age strata, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher as the age strata in males grew higher. Knee extension strength was significantly lower for participants in their 50s and females in addition to females in their 60s with LoS. The 31 patients diagnosed as sarcopenia included 29 (93.5%) with LoS, 11 (35.4%) classified as LoS stage 1, and 18 (58.1%) classified as stage 2.Conclusions: The prevalence of LoS was high in participants over 70 years of age. In males, the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher as the age strata grew higher. Patients with LoS exhibited lower knee extension strength. We believe that some measures to prevent or improve LoS may require exercise to increase the muscle strength of the lower limbs.

Estimation of Bone Matrix Apparent Stiffness Variation Caused by Osteocyte Lacunar Size and Density

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener N. Yeni ◽  
Deepak Vashishth ◽  
David P. Fyhrie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Apparent Stiffness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunar

The role of osteocyte lacunar size and density on the apparent stiffness of bone matrix was predicted using a mechanical model from the literature. Lacunar size and lacunar density for different bones from different gender and age groups were used to predict the range of matrix apparent stiffness values for human cortical and cancellous tissue. The results suggest that bone matrix apparent stiffness depends on tissue type (cortical versus cancellous), age, and gender, the magnitudes of the effects being significant but small in all cases. Males had a higher predicted matrix apparent stiffness than females for vertebral cancellous bone p<10−7)and the difference increased with age p=0.0007. In contrast, matrix apparent stiffness was not different between males and females for femoral cortical bone and increased with age in both males p<0.0001 and females p<0.0364. Osteocyte lacunar density and size may cause significant gender and age-related variations in bone matrix apparent stiffness. The magnitude of variations in matrix apparent stiffness was small within the physiological range of lacunar size and density for healthy bone, whereas the variations can be profound in certain pathological cases. It was proposed that the mechanical effects of osteocyte density be uncoupled from their biological effects by controlling lacunar size in normal bone.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Performance at Cross Triathlon World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction. Cross triathlon is a sport consisting of three segments: swimming, off-road cycling, and running. Our study analyses the differences in performance between genders and changes in performance in selected age categories at the ITU Cross World Championships held between 2011 and 2016. Material and methods. During this period, a total of 1,933 triathletes were analysed (1,472 men and 461 women). Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the impact of sex differences and age-related changes on performance (time, percentage of time, and performance ratio) in swimming, cycling, running, and total race. Results. The age groups with the highest level of participation were persons aged 40-44 and 45-49 years among men and women, respectively. With regards to performance in the different age groups, in men and women, its high level was maintained between 25 and 49 years, and it decreased significantly from the age of 50-54. In men, the best results in cycling and total race time were obtained in the 30-34 age group and in swimming and running in the 40-44 group. Women obtained the best results in running in the 25-29 age group, in cycling in the 30-34 group, and in swimming and total race time in the 35-39 group. Conclusions. The results of the study have confirmed that there is a demand for sports in 40+ age groups. As for performance in the different age groups, it was on a high level between 25 and 49 years and decreased significantly from the age of 50-54 onwards. According to these results, the sports training of these triathletes should be oriented so that they obtain their best results between 30 and 35 years of age.

scholarly journals Sympathetic nervous system activation reduces contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in the leg of humans independent of age

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hughes ◽  
Nicholas T. Kruse ◽  
Darren P. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Rate Maximum

Contraction-induced rapid vasodilation is attenuated similarly in the upper and lower limbs of older adults. In the forearm, this attenuation is in part due to a greater sympathetic vasoconstriction. We examined whether the age-related reduction in contraction-induced vasodilation in the leg is also due to a sympathetic vasoconstrictive mechanism. Thirteen young (24 ± 1 yr) and twelve older adults (67 ± 1 yr) performed single-leg knee extension at 20 and 40% of work-rate maximum (WRmax) during control and cold-pressor test (CPT) conditions. Femoral artery diameter and blood velocity were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Vascular conductance (VC; ml·min−1·mmHg−1) was calculated using blood flow (ml/min) and mean arterial pressure (mmHg). Peak (ΔVC from baseline) and total VC were blunted in older adults during control conditions across exercise intensities ( P < 0.05). Peak and total VC were reduced during CPT in both age groups across exercise intensities ( P < 0.05). The relative change (i.e., %reduction; CPT vs. control) in peak (−25 ± 5 vs. −22 ± 4% at 20% WRmax; and −21 ± 6 vs. −27 ± 5% at 40% WRmax; P = 0.42–0.55) and total VC (−28 ± 5 vs. −36 ± 6% at 20% WRmax; and −22 ± 8 vs. −33 ± 5% at 40% WRmax; P = 0.23–0.34) were similar between young and older adults. When matched for absolute workload (~10 W), age differences persisted in peak VC ( P < 0.05) under both conditions, with similar relative changes in peak and total VC during CPT. Our data suggest that 1) sympathetic stimulation reduces contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in the leg of young and older adults similarly; and 2) enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction does not fully explain age-related differences in contraction-induced vasodilation within the leg. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging is associated with attenuated contraction-induced rapid onset vasodilation (ROV). Within the forearm, this attenuation is partially due to enhanced sympathetic vasoconstriction. In the current study, we found that sympathetic vasoconstriction reduces contraction-induced ROV within the leg of both young and older adults, with the magnitude of change being similar between age groups. Our current results suggest that age-related attenuations in contraction-induced ROV within the leg are not fully explained by a sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism.

scholarly journals Assessing the Transferability of Physical Activity Type Detection Models: Influence of Age Group Is Underappreciated

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Allahbakhshi ◽  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Robert Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Age Related

Increasing the amount of physical activity (PA) in older adults that have shifted to a sedentary lifestyle is a determining factor in decreasing health and social costs. It is, therefore, imperative to develop objective methods that accurately detect daily PA types and provide detailed PA guidance for healthy aging. Most of the existing techniques have been applied in the younger generation or validated in the laboratory. To what extent, these methods are transferable to real-life and older adults are a question that this paper aims to answer. Sixty-three participants, including 33 younger and 30 older healthy adults, participated in our study. Each participant wore five devices mounted on the left and right hips, right knee, chest, and left pocket and collected accelerometer and GPS data in both semi-structured and real-life environments. Using this dataset, we developed machine-learning models to detect PA types walking, non-level walking, jogging/running, sitting, standing, and lying. Besides, we examined the accuracy of the models within-and between-age groups applying different scenarios and validation approaches. The within-age models showed convincing classification results. The findings indicate that due to age-related behavioral differences, there are more confusion errors between walking, non-level walking, and running in older adults’ results. Using semi-structured training data, the younger adults’ models outperformed older adults’ models. However, using real-life training data alone or in combination with semi-structured data generated better results for older adults who had high real-life data quality. Assessing the transferability of the models to older adults showed that the models trained with younger adults’ data were only weakly transferable. However, training the models with a combined dataset of both age groups led to reliable transferability of results to the data of the older subgroup. We show that age-related behavioral differences can alter the PA classification performance. We demonstrate that PA type detection models that rely on combined datasets of young and older adults are strongly transferable to real-life and older adults’ data. Our results yield significant time and cost savings for future PA studies by reducing the overall volume of training data required.

scholarly journals Perioral age-related changes in smile dynamics along the vertical plane

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Singh ◽  
Rajiv Ahluwalia ◽  
Deepa Verma ◽  
Stutee B. Grewal ◽  
Rupender Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in characteristics of perioral musculature at rest and when smiling, with respect to age and gender, measured along the vertical plane in a randomly selected sample of a North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Perioral musculature of 195 subjects (divided into three age groups) was recorded using standardized videographic methods. Two frames of each subject—at rest and widest posed smile—were analyzed for a comprehensive list of parameters. Data was evaluated using SPSS version 16 software. Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference tests were conducted. Results: Significant observations were increased resting upper lip length for females; decreased upper lip thickness, maxillary incisor exposure, and lip elevation for males; and increased smiling upper lip length for both sexes. Conclusions: With age, the smile gets narrower vertically, especially for the male population. The pattern of change observed in the present study must be considered and incorporated during treatment planning to deliver healthier and long-lasting results to patients of all age groups.

Age-Related and Gender-Related Changes in Monaural Speech Recognition

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy R. Dubno ◽  
Fu-Shing Lee ◽  
Lois J. Matthews ◽  
John H. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Related Changes

Previous studies of older listeners suggest age-related declines in speech recognition. However, the interpretation of these results is not straightforward because auditory thresholds, which account for the largest proportion of the variance in speech-recognition scores, also vary considerably with age. Here, effects of age, gender, and auditory thresholds on several measures of speech recognition were assessed for a large sample of individuals enrolled in a longitudinal study of agerelated hearing loss. Participants ranged in age from 55–84 years. They were evaluated with a battery of conventional audiometric measures and speechrecognition materials, including NU-6 monosyllabic words, Synthetic Sentence Identification sentences, and high-context and low-context sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise test. Two analyses were conducted to assure that changes in speech-recognition scores with age were examined independently of age-related changes in auditory thresholds. In the first analysis, no significant differences in speech recognition were observed for individuals in three age groups (55–64, 65–74, 75–84 years) who were selected so that average puretone thresholds for the groups were within 5 dB. In the second analysis, using partial correlations to adjust both score and age for their association with average thresholds, significant declines with age were observed for males in maximum word recognition, maximum synthetic sentence identification, and keyword recognition in high-context sentences. For females, no significant changes in speech recognition with age were observed for any test.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document