scholarly journals Directed Connectivity Analysis of the Brain Network in Mathematically Gifted Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mengting Wei ◽  
Qingyun Wang ◽  
Xiang Jiang ◽  
Yiyun Guo ◽  
Hui Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Mathematically Gifted ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Gifted Adolescents ◽  
The Brain

The neurocognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted adolescents are characterized by highly developed functional interactions between the right hemisphere and excellent cognitive control of the prefrontal cortex, enhanced frontoparietal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. However, it is still unclear when and how these cortical interactions occur. In this paper, we used directional coherence analysis based on Granger causality to study the interactions between the frontal brain area and the posterior brain area in the mathematical frontoparietal network system during deductive reasoning tasks. Specifically, the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signal was first converted into a cortical dipole source signal to construct a Granger causality network over the θ-band and γ-band ranges. We constructed the binary Granger causality network at the 40 pairs of cortical nodes in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe across the θ-band and the γ-band, which were selected as regions of interest (ROI). We then used graph theory to analyze the network differences. It was found that, in the process of reasoning tasks, the frontoparietal regions of the mathematically gifted show stronger working memory information processing at the θ-band. Additionally, in the middle and late stages of the conclusion period, the mathematically talented individuals have less information flow in the anterior and posterior parietal regions of the brain than the normal subjects. We draw the conclusion that the mathematically gifted brain frontoparietal network appears to have more “automated” information processing during reasoning tasks.

scholarly journals Low-frequency electroencephalogram oscillations govern left-eye lateralization during anti-predatory responses in the music frog

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (21) ◽  
pp. jeb232637
Author(s):  
Jiangyan Shen ◽  
Ke Fang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Yanzhu Fan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Steady Velocity

ABSTRACTVisual lateralization is widespread for prey and anti-predation in numerous taxa. However, it is still unknown how the brain governs this asymmetry. In this study, we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments to evaluate anti-predatory behaviors and dynamic brain activities in Emei music frogs (Nidirana daunchina), to explore the potential eye bias for anti-predation and the underlying neural mechanisms. To do this, predator stimuli (a model snake head and a leaf as a control) were moved around the subjects in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions at steady velocity. We counted the number of anti-predatory responses and measured electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra for each band and brain area (telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon). Our results showed that (1) no significant eye preferences could be found for the control (leaf); however, the laterality index was significantly lower than zero when the predator stimulus was moved anti-clockwise, suggesting that left-eye advantage exists in this species for anti-predation; (2) compared with no stimulus in the visual field, the power spectra of delta and alpha bands were significantly greater when the predator stimulus was moved into the left visual field anti-clockwise; and, (3) generally, the power spectra of each band in the right-hemisphere for the left visual field were higher than those in the left counterpart. These results support that the left eye mediates the monitoring of a predator in music frogs and lower-frequency EEG oscillations govern this visual lateralization.

Effect of Short Lateralized Signals on Arousal versus Activation on Tasks Requiring Visuospatial or Elementary Semantic Stimulus Processing, a Replication with a Modified Experimental Design

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert De Brabander ◽  
Christophe Boone
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Brain

In this experiment, which is basically a replication of an earlier experiment done in 1988, we tested the hypothesis that the brain self-regulates its own arousal and activation. When subjects perform a putative right-hemisphere task (visuospatial), the effect of a supplementary information-processing load is supposed to lead to a delayed reaction. The opposite is supposed to be true in a putative left-hemisphere task (semantic). The former effect is supposed to be the result of increased arousal, the latter is that of increased activation. In the present experiment the reactions subject to experimental treatment are compared with control reactions of the same subject. This was not the case in the earlier experiment. Still other improvements of the experimental design were made. The results clearly confirm the earlier findings. Additional evidence is offered to strengthen the plausibility of the basic hypothesis.

Effect of Short Lateralized Signals on Arousal versus Activation on Tasks Requiring Visuospatial or Elementary Semantic Stimulus Processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert De Brabander
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The results of the experiment offer indirect evidence for the basic hypothesis that the brain self-regulates its own arousal and activation as a function of the intensity and type of ongoing cortical activity. When subjects perform a task which can be assumed to be primarily attended to by the right hemisphere, the result of a supplementary information-processing load seems to be increased arousal. On a task primarily attended to by the left hemisphere, the consequence is increased activation. The evidence is indirect because no measurements have been made of the neurological events and processes which are assumed to intervene in this self-regulation process. Although indirect, the evidence may help to formulate more precise psychological hypotheses about the factors controlling the putative effort system which, according to Pribram and McGuinness in 1975, coordinates the arousal and activation of cerebral processes.

Inter-hemispherical Investigations on the Functional Connectivity of Autistic Resting State fMRI

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhusha S ◽  
Kavitha Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
The Brain

Autism spectrum disorders are connected with disturbances of neural connectivity. Functional connectivity is typically examined during a cognitive task, but also exists in the absence of a task i.e., “rest.” Adults with ASD have been found to show weaker connectivity relative to controls. This work focuses on analyzing the brain activation for autistic subjects, measured by fMRI during rest, relative to the control group using interhemispherical analysis. Though both groups activated similarly in cortical areas, indications of under connectivity were exhibited by the autistic group measured by Granger Causality and Conditional Granger Causality. Results show that as connectivity decreases, GC and CGC values also get decreased. The left hemisphere exhibits depreciation in the connectivity in comparison to that of right hemisphere for the autistic individuals whose GC and CGC values keeps decreasing in the left hemisphere seed regions. Finally, the results provide an approach for analyzing the cortical underconnectivity, in clinical relevance for diagnosing autism in children.

scholarly journals Callosal anisotropy predicts attentional network changes after parietal inhibitory stimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Schintu ◽  
Catherine A. Cunningham ◽  
Michael Freedberg ◽  
Paul Taylor ◽  
Stephen J. Gotts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
The Right

AbstractHemispatial neglect is thought to result from disruption of interhemispheric equilibrium. Right hemisphere lesions deactivate the right frontoparietal network and hyperactivate the left via release from interhemispheric inhibition. Support for this theory comes from neuropsychological evidence as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies in healthy subjects, in whom right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) inhibition causes neglect-like, rightward, visuospatial bias. Concurrent TMS and fMRI after right PPC TMS show task-dependent changes but may fail to identify effects of stimulation in areas not directly activated by the specific task, complicating interpretations. We used resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) after inhibitory TMS over the right PPC to examine changes in the networks underlying visuospatial attention.In a crossover experiment in healthy individuals, we delivered continuous theta burst TMS to the right PPC and vertex as control condition. We hypothesized that PPC inhibitory stimulation would cause a rightward visuospatial bias, decrease PPC connectivity with frontal areas, and increase PPC connectivity with the attentional network in the left hemisphere. We also expected that individual differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter connections between the PPCs would account for variability in TMS-induced RSFC changes.As expected, TMS over the right PPC caused a rightward shift in line bisection judgment and increased RSFC between the right PPC and the left superior temporal gyrus. This effect was inversely related to FA in the posterior corpus callosum. Local inhibition of the right PPC reshapes connectivity in the attentional network and depends on interhemispheric connections.

scholarly journals Prism Adaptation Modulates Connectivity of the Intraparietal Sulcus with Multiple Brain Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4747-4758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Schintu ◽  
Michael Freedberg ◽  
Stephen J Gotts ◽  
Catherine A Cunningham ◽  
Zaynah M Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Prism adaptation (PA) alters spatial cognition according to the direction of visual displacement by temporarily modifying sensorimotor mapping. Right-shifting prisms (right PA) improve neglect of left visual field in patients, possibly by decreasing activity in the left hemisphere and increasing it in the right. Left PA shifts attention rightward in healthy individuals by an opposite mechanism. However, functional imaging studies of PA are inconsistent, perhaps because of differing activation tasks. We measured resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in healthy individuals before and after PA. When contrasted, right versus left PA decreased RSFC in the spatial navigation network defined by the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), hippocampus, and cerebellum. Within-PA-direction comparisons showed that right PA increased RSFC in subregions of the PPCs and between the PPCs and the right middle frontal gyrus and left PA decreased RSFC between these regions. Both right and left PA decreased RSFC between the PPCs and bilateral temporal areas. In summary, right PA increases connectivity in the right frontoparietal network and left PA produces essentially opposite effects. Furthermore, right, compared with left, PA modulates RSFC in the right hemisphere navigation network.

Mapping the Brain for Math

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Salillas ◽  
Carlo Semenza
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Quantity Representation ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Brain

Brain stimulation techniques allow for the search of crucial areas for a given function. Not always convergent with neuroimaging, TMS studies have targeted parietal areas critical for quantity representation, spatio-numerical links, numerical and non-numerical quantity, finger gnosis and calculation. TMS data indicate the intraparietal sulcus and surrounding areas in the left and right hemisphere as crucial for quantity processing, although left hemisphere might be dominant. Bilateral parietal loci are essential for calculation and bilateral parietal areas are behind the spatio-numerical link, which extends to frontal and posterior parietal sites. DCE studies to date have focused on the dominant hemisphere, have used calculation tasks and have found both dissociation and overlap between operations. An integrative view of positive findings and a focus on convergence and possible improvement is proposed. Although regularities are found between these techniques, more research is needed before arriving at conclusions that will have basic and clinical importance.

Mathematically gifted adolescents use more extensive and more bilateral areas of the fronto-parietal network than controls during executive functioning and fluid reasoning tasks

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Desco ◽  
Francisco J. Navas-Sanchez ◽  
Javier Sanchez-González ◽  
Santiago Reig ◽  
Olalla Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Mathematically Gifted ◽  
Fluid Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Gifted Adolescents

scholarly journals Right lateralized posterior parietal theta-gamma coupling during sustained attention in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Yang ◽  
Corrinne Dunbar ◽  
Alina Sonesra ◽  
Suhyeorn Park ◽  
Timothy Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
The Right

AbstractSustained attention is supported by circuits in the frontoparietal attention network. In human and primate studies, the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) shows dominance for sustained attention, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) throughout the frontoparietal network correlates with performance on attention tasks. Here we evaluate oscillatory dynamics of bilateral PPC in mice during the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT). Right PPC theta-gamma PAC (TG-PAC) and gamma power were independently elevated to a greater degree than the left PPC during the period prior to a correct response and were significantly correlated with accuracy in both simple and difficult tasks. Greater task difficulty was also associated with greater hemispheric asymmetry in TG-PAC, favoring the right PPC. These findings highlight the engagement of PPC with sustained attention in mice, reflected by increases in TG-PAC and gamma power, with maximal expression in the right hemisphere.

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