СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОГО ПОПИТУ НА АВІАПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ

Constant monitoring of the state and development trends of the aviation industry in Ukraine, especially in the context of unstable demand for air transportation caused by the coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic, allows aviation enterprises of Ukraine to respond in a timely manner to changes and, if necessary, model their business model of behavior in the market. Over time, the importance and role of aviation in the development of the Ukrainian economy will only increase, therefore, timely research and forecasting of the air transportation market is necessary in order to increase their economic efficiency. The aim of the article is to analyze the patterns and trends inherent in the modern air transportation market in Ukraine, and forecast its development in the context of unstable demand for air transportation. Methodological basis of research was logical methods of information processing, statistical analysis, methods of system analysis, comparison. The basic hypothesis of research was the assumption that the development of the aviation industry in Ukraine is influenced by unstable demand in the domestic and international air transportation markets. Presentation of the main material. The main indicators of the activities of enterprises of the aviation industry of Ukraine, the dynamics of transportation by Ukrainian airlines in the domestic and international air transportation market are analyzed. It was revealed that the development of civil aviation is associated with general trends in international air transport and is due to both global and domestic socio-economic, political and other factors. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research. . It is advisable to use the conducted research in determining the principles of management of aviation enterprises to change the priorities of their economic activities. Conclusions. The analysis of domestic air transportation showed that, despite the instability of the economic situation in the country and the world, the growth rate of air transportation in the Ukrainian segment of the market has a positive trend. For domestic air transport, there are prospects for further development and strengthening of positions in the world air transportation system

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ СТВОРЕННЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ СИСТЕМ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА

The process of forming of certain economic strength security provides the proof functioning of business, its integration in control system by a region and state. Therefore, there is a permanent necessity for realization the monitoring of economic security of enterprise as a key element of steady development of national economy. A research aim is sent to forming of conceptual positions in realization of monitoring the systems of economic security of business. modern normatively-legal and legislative aspects became Methodological basis of research became modern normatively-legal and legislative aspects of strengthening of economic security and eliminate of existent threats in the process of realization the monitoring of economic security of different business structures. In the conducted researches used methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific cognition, instruments of economic analysis for the sake of forming the conceptual positions in relation to creation of monitoring the systems of economic security of business. The basic hypothesis of research became supposition about possibility of creation the universal conceptual bases of realization the monitoring of economic security of businessmen with the aim of providing of stable development of business activity in the different spheres of national economy. Exposition of basic material. In the article are investigated the basic requirements of creation the monitoring of the systems of economic security, that is pulled out on the modern stage of business development to marked the aim, tasks, principles, functions, and stages of realization the monitoring. It is brought indicators over of economic security and its threshold values on the different levels of management business activity, to underline, that for each separate business structure the indexes of economic security can be certain depending on the type of business. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research are confirmed by the offered conceptual bases to creation and realization of monitoring the systems of economic security of businessmen, which takes into attention the specific of activity the separate businessman, and allows to be integrated in the general system of the state economic security. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. It is well-proven that conceptual positions are offered the monitoring of the systems of economic security of business allow to recognize and identify threats, forecast its consequences, determine the methods of localization and give information for the management of business structure activity, to accept operative decisions on the removal of threats, to correct strategic aims of businessmen development, taking into attention the state of economic security of external and internal environment of functioning. Further researches will be sent to convergence of purposeful cooperations in the process of realization the monitoring in the system of economic security of enterprise

Structural consequences of cyclical change for marginal group employment

In Sweden and many other countries, young people and immigrants are facing increasing difficulties in finding employment. We suggest that the decline in employment prospects for marginal groups to a significant extent can be explained by skill upgrading and over-education. In two recent papers focusing on youth and immigrants, respectively, we find support for these hypotheses. The present paper examines how the long-term evolution of youth male employment is linked to cyclical economic change, and in particular to recessions. We base our empirical analyses on data from 31 OECD countries, 1970 to 2018. A basic hypothesis we aim to test is whether the distribution of cyclical points around the line of long-run evolution of general employment has a vertically asymmetrical pattern with respect to marginal employment, such that the relative employment rate of marginal groups declines more in economic downturns (recessions) than it rises in economic upturns. If this asymmetry occurs systematically (repeatedly) over extended periods of time, cyclical change will have structural effects. We find support for this hypothesis based on our analysis of youth male employment. We suggest that two kinds of mechanism are at work in the interaction between cyclical and structural change. The first mechanism is operating from the structure to the cycle: low-skill jobs become increasingly unviable economically, but only slowly and gradually until a marked loss in general demand triggers significant employment decline tilted toward low-skill jobs. Restructuring of work organizations in the wake of the recession makes the return of low-skill jobs in the recovery less than complete. The second kind of mechanism operates in the other direction, i.e., from the cycle to the structure: the rate of educational expansion typically accelerates in recessions. This will in turn speed up the rate of over-education which tends to have a negative impact on marginal employment. We provide descriptive empirical evidence indicating that both these mechanisms are indeed active. In sum, recessions accelerate upward shifts in the skill structure that in turn depress the labor market prospects of male youth, with both links in the chain being of a lasting rather than temporary kind.

Study of Intertemporal Discounting According to Age Groups

The paper focuses on the topic of intertemporal discounting of individuals according to age groups. Using the sample of examined individuals, it aims to verify the hypothesis that the patience of individuals decreases with their increasing age. The study included a total of 599 individuals with an average age of 38.3 years (min. 16 and max. 82 years) who answered classical questions focused on time discounting and impulsive behaviour. In total, four possible scenarios were analysed: a small reward (CZK 100) with a delay of 1 day, a small reward with a delay of 1 month, a large reward (CZK 100,000) with a delay of 1 day and a large reward with a delay of 1 month. The delayed reward was always increased by 10% (i.e., CZK 110 or CZK 110,000). The basic hypothesis was that with increasing age, the subjective discount rate increases i.e., patience decreases. The above-mentioned 4 scenarios were evaluated for the hypotheses, while only three of the four scenarios were confirmed for all hypotheses. The results in the examined individuals suggest that with increasing age, there is a decrease in patience and at the same time a decrease in impulsive behaviour. These findings may have an overlap in consumption or savings in relation to the aging population.

The Transit of Mary Magdalene’s Soul in Catalan Artistic Production in the 15th Century

There are a great many studies on the figure of Mary Magdalene in different areas of knowledge. Nevertheless, there is a gap as regards the image of this character in Catalonia, and specifically regarding the visual representation of her soul at the moment when she died. This text aims to analyze this matter based on two Catalan altarpieces: the Altarpiece of Saint Mary Magdalene from Perella (Bernat Martorell, 1437–1453) and The Death of Mary Magdalene (Jaume Huguet, 1465–1480). The analysis has been carried out based on the postulates from the tradition of studies on iconography and iconology: the relationships between image and text, the history of the iconographic types and the magnetic power of images. The basic hypothesis is that the representation of Mary Magdalene’s soul in the 15th Century in Catalonia is visually borrowed from the iconographic type of the Dormition of the Mother of God. To test this, comparative analyses have been made of the visual representation of the two women and also of the textual sources, such as the canonical and extracanonical gospels, a variety of medieval legends and different hagiographies or vitas and sermons from the period.

Concerning the closeness of the form of Sufi Kashkul and the Slavic boats

The article deals with investigating the resemblance between the kashkul shape from the collection of the Istanbul Museum of Islamic and Turkish Art and the Slavic type of longship. The specified item is now being kept in the exposition of the specified collection as an item of the Sefevidian era period of the early 17th century under the inventory number 2960. The typological analysis of its shape, peculiarities of the use of similar items in the Orthodox tradition of the Old Rus, Byzantium, separate countries of the Christian world and Scandinavia prove the closeness of this item to the shapes that were common in the Orthodox society. Analysis of the item decoration, the method of its manufacture allows us to assume the contribution of Islamic craftsmen, possibly Persian, to casting of this artefact. The study results are reduced to the basic hypothesis that the object designated in the exposition of the Istanbul Museum of Islamic and Turkish Art called kashkul (a bowl for the poor or a container for alms) has a shape of a golden longship that was in common use between the 10th and 14th centuries in the Kyivan Rus-Byzantine tradition.

A physiological model of human mobility: A global study

The movement of people has led to several challenges in terms of traffic congestion, energy consumption, emissions and climate change. Human mobility modelling is currently described mainly through socio-economic variables, such as travel time, travel costs, income and car-ownership. The overall objective of this paper is to relate mobility behaviour based on measurable entities of travel time and distance and the entities of speed. A simple underlying mechanism of human mobility is presented based on the human energy expended. The energy is related firstly to the average values of travel modes. Explicit formulas for the distribution within each travel mode are developed and the concept is also shown to apply to multi-modal mobility. The approach is described in its most basic and fundamental form, but opens up perspectives for new applications and analyses approaches to transport modelling, planning and appraisals. The approach shows that travel time and distance are consistently inversely proportional and limited by the physiological power consumption. The basic hypothesis and the related verifications is shown on all modal combinations of daily mobility with a median R2 of around 0.8. The approach is validated using national travel surveys of Germany, Switzerland, UK and US, spanning over five decades to 2018.

ПАРАДИГМА ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ЗМІЦНЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Economic security embraces all spheres of activity, and brings neglect over by it’s to the negative (catastrophic) consequences, decline of different aspects of development the industries of economy, separate types of enterprise. Therefore there is a requirement in forming a paradigm of mechanism the strengthening economic security of entrepreneurial activity in obedience to the doctrines of economy development of Ukraine. A research aim is directed on forming of effective mechanism of strengthening economic security according to terms of business development, dynamics of moving the national economy, level of innovative diffusions and existent internal and external calls. Methodological basis of research became modern normative, legal, legislative aspects of strengthening economic security and eliminated of existent threats in the process of business developments. In the researches was using methods of dialectics, principles of scientific cognition, instruments of economic analysis for the sake of forming the effective mechanism of strengthening economic security of enterprise. The basic hypothesis of research became supposition about possibility of creation of universal mechanism of strengthening economic security that can provide stable development of entrepreneurial activity in the different spheres of national economy. Exposition of basic material. in the article are investigated the threats that influence on economic security of enterprise. Underline, that each of threats can have the mechanisms strengthening of economic security, that consist with facilities, instruments, methods and forms composition, that it can be enough unique, depending on the type of enterprise. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research are confirmed by the offered composition of facilities, methods, forms and instruments of mechanism the strengthening of economic security that it is universal from one hand, and from other is allowing to tune the specific of activity the separate type of enterprise. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. It is well-proven that the mechanism of strengthening the economic security of enterprise must provide possibilities of the effective functioning of business and be the element of mechanism the economic security of the system of higher level. For every businessman there are the absolutely individual approaches to forming of mechanism the strengthening of economic security that depends from material and technical and financial resources, quality and structure of management entrepreneurial activity; state and regional support, legislative and legal base of functioning. Further researches will be directed on adaptation of the offered mechanism of strengthening the economic security, its monitoring and correcting, going out the requirements of internal and external environment of business and dynamics of global economic changes

The Impact of Service Learning in the Development of Student Teachers’ Socio-Educational Commitment

This research arises from the university’s need to contribute to the training of professionals, especially teachers, who, in turn are committed to contribute to a more sustainable and socially just world at the institutions for which they are professionals. In this context, a pedagogical approach emerges to promote the development of the civic and social competences of higher education students’ using the methodology of Service Learning. The aim of this study is to analyse the acquisition and development of the socio-educational commitment and self-efficacy variables of student teachers based on their participation in Service Learning programmes, comparing this with the results of carrying out university volunteering activities. A quantitative correlational study was carried out with preservice teachers (N = 207). The basic hypothesis is that the results would be in favour of the participation in Service Learning activities on the fundamental variables of the study: socio-educational commitment, teaching self-efficacy and self-efficacy in the creation of instructional materials. For this purpose, a specific scale was designed to measure Teachers’ socio-educational commitment with favourable psychometric characteristics. The results show sufficient empirical evidence (p < 0.01) for the development of socio-educational commitment and self-efficacy variables in favour of those who participated in Service Learning programmes.

Designing Health Policy to Fight the Coronavirus in Egypt and Turkey

This paper seeks to answer the following question: Why have the bureaucracies and executive arms of two highly centralized presidential regimes – Egypt and Turkey – produced such different responses to the Coronavirus crisis? Its basic hypothesis is that while the crisis did initially provide scope for ministers, technocrats and bureaucrats specialized in public health to play a greater part in making health policy, their ability to maintain this newfound influence depended on their "policy capability". Through a comparison of the two case studies, this article shows that the more centralized a state is, the more unprecedented the crisis is and the more policy capability it has, the greater the role bureaucrats play at the expense of politicians