scholarly journals Research on Intelligent Compaction Technology of Subgrade Based on Regression Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ziyi Hou ◽  
Xiao Dang ◽  
Yezhen Yuan ◽  
Bo Tian ◽  
Sili Li
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Intelligent Compaction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Compaction Degree

A remote monitoring system with the intelligent compaction index CMV as the core is designed and developed to address the shortcomings of traditional subgrade compaction quality evaluation methods. Based on the actual project, the correlation between the CMV and conventional compaction indexes of compaction degree K and dynamic resilient modulus E is investigated by applying the one-dimensional linear regression equation for three types of subgrade fillers, clayey gravel, pulverized gravel, and soil-rock mixed fill, and the scheme of fitting CMV to the mean value of conventional indexes is adopted, which is compared with the scheme of fitting CMV to the single point of conventional indexes in the existing specification. The test results show that the correlation between the CMV and conventional indexes of clayey gravel and pulverized gravel is much stronger than that of soil-rock mixed subgrades, and the correlation coefficient can be significantly improved by fitting CMV to the mean of conventional indexes compared with single-point fitting, which can be considered as a new method for intelligent rolling correlation verification.

Adiabatische Invarianz im Mittel / Adiabatic Invariance in the Average

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Janicke
Keyword(s):  
Phase Plane ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adiabatic Invariant ◽  
Adiabatic Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Action Integral ◽  
Particle Ensemble ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Particles In Electromagnetic Fields

AbstractWe study the possibility to construct an adiabatic invariant for charged particles in electromagnetic fields, that vary strongly in space but only slowly in time (measured by a small parameter ε). We specialize to those fields, where the motion of the particle is described by a Hamiltonian that corresponds to a one-dimensional oscillator with a potential exhibiting two minima. This type of potential can occur in the case of one-dimensional fields with neutral sheets. The action integral I=∮ p dq is no longer an adiabatic invariant for particles with an energy near the value of the inner maximum of the potential, nor is it a continuous function of the energy. The second difficulty can be removed by proper redefinition. Then by using the area conservation in the phase plane it can be shown that for any arbitrary particle ensemble in the phase plane of the one-dimensional oscillator the mean value of the action integral is adiabaticly invariant to order ε ln4 ε. Under certain circumstances it can happen that a coherent ensemble splits up into two separated groups. It will be shown that this also can be understood essentially as an adiabatic process.

scholarly journals Scale of mean value multivariate Pade interpolations

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevdet Akal ◽  
Alexey Lukashov
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Recently the authors introduced the mean value multipoint multivariate Pad? approximations which generalize the Goodman-Hakopian polynomial interpolation and the one dimensional multipoint Pad? approximations. Now, we present the scale of mean value multipoint multivariate Pad? interpolations which includes as particular cases both the scale of mean value polynomial interpolations and the multipoint multivariate Pad? approximations.

scholarly journals Implications of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models test of earthquake forecasts in California

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Karl Sachs ◽  
Ya-Ting Lee ◽  
Donald Turcotte ◽  
James R. Holliday ◽  
John B. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Earthquake Likelihood Models ◽  
Regional Earthquake

The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) test was the first competitive comparison of prospective earthquake forecasts. The test was carried out over 5 years from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 over a region that included all of California. The test area was divided into 7682 0.1°x0.1° spatial cells. Each submitted forecast gave the predicted numbers of earthquakes <em>N<sub>emi</sub></em> larger than <em>M</em>=4.95 in 0.1 magnitude bins for each cell. In this paper we present a method that separates the forecast of the number of test earthquakes from the forecast of their locations. We first obtain the number <em>N<sub>em</sub></em> of forecast earthquakes in magnitude bin <em>m</em>. We then determine the conditional probability <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em>=<em>N<sub>emi</sub>/</em><em>N<sub>em</sub></em> that an earthquake in magnitude bin <em>m</em> will occur in cell <em>i</em>. The summation of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> over all 7682 cells is unity. A random (no skill) forecast gives equal values of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> for all spatial cells and magnitude bins. The <em>skill</em> of a forecast, in terms of the location of the earthquakes, is measured by the success in assigning large values of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> to the cells in which earthquakes occur and low values of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> to the cells where earthquakes do not occur. Thirty-one test earthquakes occurred in 27 different combinations of spatial cells <em>i</em> and magnitude bins <em>m</em>, we had the highest value of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> for that <em>mi</em> cell. We evaluate the performance of eleven submitted forecasts in two ways. First, we determine the number of <em>mi</em> cells for which the forecast <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> was the largest, the best forecast is the one with the highest number. Second, we determine the mean value of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> for the 27 <em>mi</em> cells for each forecast. The best forecast has the highest mean value of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em>. The success of a forecast during the test period is dependent on the allocation of the probabilities λemi between the mi cells, since the sum over the mi cells is unity. We illustrate the forecast distributions of <em>λ<sub>emi</sub></em> and discuss their differences. We conclude that the RELM test was successful in illustrating the choices required when a forecast of the location of a future earthquake is made.

scholarly journals Assessment of CFD turbulence models for free surface flow simulation and 1-D modelling for water level calculations over a broad-crested weir floodway

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Floodways, where a road embankment is permitted to be overtopped by flood water, are usually designed as broad-crested weirs. Determination of the water level above the floodway is crucial and related to road safety. Hydraulic performance of floodways can be assessed numerically using 1-D modelling or 3-D simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages. Turbulence modelling is one of the key elements in CFD simulations. A wide variety of turbulence models are utilized in CFD packages; in order to identify the most relevant turbulence model for the case in question, 96 3-D CFD simulations were conducted using Flow-3D package, for 24 broad-crested weir configurations selected based on experimental data from a previous study. Four turbulence models (one-equation, k-ε, RNG k-ε, and k-ω) ere examined for each configuration. The volume of fluid (VOF) algorithm was adopted for free water surface determination. In addition, 24 1-D simulations using HEC-RAS-1-D were conducted for comparison with CFD results and experimental data. Validation of the simulated water free surface profiles versus the experimental measurements was carried out by the evaluation of the mean absolute error, the mean relative error percentage, and the root mean square error. It was concluded that the minimum error in simulating the full upstream to downstream free surface profile is achieved by using one-equation turbulence model with mixing length equal to 7% of the smallest domain dimension. Nevertheless, for the broad-crested weir upstream section, no significant difference in accuracy was found between all turbulence models and the one-dimensional analysis results, due to the low turbulence intensity at this part. For engineering design purposes, in which the water level is the main concern at the location of the flood way, the one-dimensional analysis has sufficient accuracy to determine the water level.

Microscale temperature and velocity spectra in the atmospheric boundary layer

1977 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Williams ◽  
C. A. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Inertial Subrange ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Spectra ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Velocity Spectra ◽  
The One

High-frequency fluctuations in temperature and velocity were measured at a height of 2 m above a harvested, nearly level field of rye grass. Conditions were both stably and unstably stratified. Reynolds numbers ranged from 370000 to 740000. Measurements of velocity were made with a hot-wire anemometer and measurements of temperature with a platinum resistance element which had a diameter of 0[sdot ]5 μm and a length of 1 mm. Thirteen runs ranging in length from 78 to 238 s were analysed.Spectra of velocity fluctuations are consistent with previously reported universal forms. Spectra of temperature, however, exhibit an increase in slope with increasing wavenumber as the maximum in the one-dimensional dissipation spectrum is approached. The peak of the one-dimensional dissipation spectrum for temperature fluctuations occurs at a higher wavenumber than that of simultaneous spectra of the dissipation of velocity fluctuations. It is suggested that the change in slope of the temperature spectra and the dissimilarity between temperature and velocity spectra may be due to spatial dissimilarity in the dissipation of temperature and velocity fluctuations. The temperature spectra are compared with a theoretical prediction for fluids with large Prandtl number, due to Batchelor (1959). Even though air has a Prandtl number of 0[sdot ]7, the observations are in qualitative agreement with predictions of the theory. The non-dimensional wavenumber at which the increase in slope occurs is about 0[sdot ]02, in good agreement with observations in the ocean reported by Grantet al. (1968).For the two runs for which the stratification was stable, the normalized spectra of the temperature derivative fall on average slightly below the mean of the spectra of the remaining runs in the range in which the slope is approximately one-third. Hence the Reynolds number may not have always been sufficiently high to satisfy completely the conditions for an inertial subrange.Universal inertial-subrange constants were directly evaluated from one-dimensional dissipation spectra and found to be 0[sdot ]54 and 1[sdot ]00 for velocity and temperature, respectively. The constant for velocity is consistent with previously reported values, while the value for temperature differs from some of the previous direct estimates but is only 20% greater than the mean of the indirect estimates. This discrepancy may be explained by the neglect in the indirect estimates of the divergence terms in the conservation equation for the variance of temperature fluctuations. There is weak evidence that the one-dimensional constant, and hence the temperature spectra, may depend upon the turbulence Reynolds number, which varied from 1200 to 4300 in the observations reported.

Reference intervals for calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase as derived on the basis of multichannel-analyzer profiles.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Sinton ◽  
D M Cowley ◽  
S J Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Multichannel Analyzer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Abstract In an attempt to demonstrate a rapid and economical approach to deriving reference intervals, we analyzed data on plasma calcium and phosphate from a multichannel analyzer for more than 20 000 subjects and data on alkaline phosphatase from more than 10 000 subjects. Subjects were selected by the criterion, that their results for constituents other than the one of interest were within current reference intervals. Thus we have been able to include older patients who have diseases that accompany old age, but that do not affect test results. The mean concentrations of calcium and phosphate decreased with increasing age in both sexes, except for an abrupt increase for women about the time of reaching menopause. Similarly, the mean alkaline phosphatase activity increased with age in both sexes, reflecting a skewed frequency distribution. Here also, there was an abrupt increase in the modal value for women near menopause.

scholarly journals Tomographic retrievals of ozone with the OMPS Limb Profiler: algorithm description and preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2375-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Zawada ◽  
Landon A. Rieger ◽  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Douglas A. Degenstein
Keyword(s):  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Abstract. Measurements of limb-scattered sunlight from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) can be used to obtain vertical profiles of ozone in the stratosphere. In this paper we describe a two-dimensional, or tomographic, retrieval algorithm for OMPS-LP where variations are retrieved simultaneously in altitude and the along-orbital-track dimension. The algorithm has been applied to measurements from the center slit for the full OMPS-LP mission to create the publicly available University of Saskatchewan (USask) OMPS-LP 2D v1.0.2 dataset. Tropical ozone anomalies are compared with measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), where differences are less than 5 % of the mean ozone value for the majority of the stratosphere. Examples of near-coincident measurements with MLS are also shown, and agreement at the 5 % level is observed for the majority of the stratosphere. Both simulated retrievals and coincident comparisons with MLS are shown at the edge of the polar vortex, comparing the results to a traditional one-dimensional retrieval. The one-dimensional retrieval is shown to consistently overestimate the amount of ozone in areas of large horizontal gradients relative to both MLS and the two-dimensional retrieval.

Fertility investigations on the black earth wheatlands of the Darling Downs, Queensland. III. Mineral nitrogen in the soil and its relation to the wheat crop

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Waring ◽  
LJH Teakle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Growing Crop

The level of mineral nitrogen in the soil under fallow and crop was measured for the years 1951 to 1953. Relationships of mineral nitrogen at planting to yield and nitrogen content of wheat grain and straw were examined. Values for nitrate nitrogen at the end of the fallow period ranged most commonly from 10 to 20 µg/g in the surface 2 ft and from 0 to 10 µg/g at 2-4 ft. Approximately one-third of the sites showed an increase from the third to the fourth foot. One site showed extremely high values throughout the profile, particularly at 3-4 ft where a value of 127 µg/g was recorded. Values for ammonia nitrogen were most commonly in the range of 0-3 µg/g . Under the growing crop, mineral nitrogen declined for most depths in the period from planting up to September or October, after which there was little further change to harvest. Uptake of mineral nitrogen was normally greatest from the surface 2 ft of soil. Below 3 ft there were two groups of sites. One group showed moderate to high uptake and the second group low uptake. The low uptake in the latter group provides a reason for mineral nitrogen accumulation below 3 ft at some sites. Mineral nitrogen to 4 ft at planting averaged 126 lb/ac, excluding the one site with exceptionally high values. This was double the mean value of 63 lb/ac for nitrogen recovered in grain and straw, for crops planted in May-June. These figures, combined with trends in the soil under crop, suggest that most of the nitrogen used by the crop was derived from that in the soil at planting. Correlations between mineral nitrogen at planting and grain yield were mostly non-significant, suggesting that in general nitrogen was not an important factor limiting yield. Low grain yield and protein percentage were recorded at a number of sites which had been cultivated more than 50 years.

scholarly journals III. On the uneliminated instrumental error in the observations of magnetic dip

1869 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 427-429
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Single Reading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Complete Observation

A single reading of one end of a dipping-needle placed in a dip-circle provided with microscopes for observing is liable to a variety of instrumental errors, which are eliminated by taking the mean of the sixteen readings of the two ends in the eight different positions included in a complete observation. Nevertheless it is found that with the best modern instruments a mean value results from these sixteen observations different for each different needle, and that the difference between the results obtained with two different needles is not the same at all times. The irregularities in the values of the dip observed at Bombay with two needles of excellent character made by Barrow of London, led the author to investigate the effect of a hypothetical irregularity in the shape of the axle of the needle, such that a section of the axle by a plane perpendicular to its axis would be elliptical instead of circular in form. Another source of error, which was brought to the notice of the Royal Society many years ago in a paper published in the Proceedings, is the displacement of the centre of gravity of the needle from the centre of the axle, combined with inequality in the magnetization of the needle when the poles are direct and reversed. Experience has led the author to the conclusion that the usual method of magnetization, by a definite number of passes of the same pair of bar-magnets, communicates magnetism to the needle very unequally when the one end of the needle is made north and when the other end is made north. Consequently it is advisable to investigate the effects of ellipticity of the axle and of displacement of the centre of gravity at the same time, which the author proceeds to do.

scholarly journals Consumers' willingness to pay for ethical attributes

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Mai
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Value

Purpose – In recent years, there has been a big increase in the use of ethical attributes as marketing appeals. The purpose of this paper is to examine consumers’ willingness to pay for three selected ethical attributes, namely “Organic”, “Recyclable Packaging” and “Fairtrade” in monetary terms. Design/methodology/approach – A modified choice-based experimental design with manipulation of the key constructs was used to estimate the mean value of how much consumers are willing to pay for the selected attributes attached to a box of premium chocolates. The results are based on the responses of a total of 208 consumers. Findings – Of the three attributes, “Recyclable Packaging” has the strongest influence on the purchase decision, although this attribute generates the least additional value. The aggregated result shows that although consumers are willing to pay more for the product with ethical attributes than the one that is without, still around a half of them are not willing to pay more. In terms of demographics, the results show no significant differences between the two genders or different age groups in their willingness to pay for ethical attributes. As might be expected, willingness to pay was correlated with the level of consciousness of the ethical attributes. Originality/value – The findings of this study help management to think practically about the value consumers willing to pay for the selected attributes. The results show a significant synergy in a combination of ethical attributes in products.

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