scholarly journals A Review of Antenna Array Technologies for Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Communications at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
G. Federico ◽  
D. Caratelli ◽  
G. Theis ◽  
A. B. Smolders
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Technical Solutions

With the introduction of 5G communication systems operating in the mm-wave frequency range, new opportunities in terms of multimedia services and applications will become available. For this to happen, several technical challenges from an antenna standpoint need to be addressed. The achievements of high-gain characteristics and agile beamforming with wide-scan capabilities are the main targets of the ongoing research on mm-wave antenna arrays. In this paper, an up-to-date overview of antenna array technology for wireless communications at mm-wave frequencies is given. Particular focus is put on the review of the state-of-the art and most advanced antenna array concepts for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio links at said frequencies. Various figures of merit are assessed for a comprehensive analysis and bench marking of the technical solutions investigated in the presented survey.

scholarly journals Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna Array Design and an Adaptive Algorithm for Future 5G Wireless Communication Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Nan Hu ◽  
Dau-Chyrh Chang ◽  
Chung-Hang Yu ◽  
Tsai-Wen Hsaio ◽  
Der-Phone Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Minimum Mean Square Error ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Microstrip Antenna Array

This paper presents a high gain millimeter-wave (mmW) low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) microstrip antenna array with a compact, simple, and low-profile structure. Incorporating minimum mean square error (MMSE) adaptive algorithms with the proposed 64-element microstrip antenna array, the numerical investigation reveals substantial improvements in interference reduction. A prototype is presented with a simple design for mass production. As an experiment, HFSS was used to simulate an antenna with a width of 1 mm and a length of 1.23 mm, resonating at 38 GHz. Two identical mmW LTCC microstrip antenna arrays were built for measurement, and the center element was excited. The results demonstrated a return loss better than 15 dB and a peak gain higher than 6.5 dBi at frequencies of interest, which verified the feasibility of the design concept.

scholarly journals Full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid architecture antenna arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Trigka ◽  
Christos Mavrokefalidis ◽  
Kostas Berberidis
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Music Algorithm ◽  
Array Structures ◽  
Signal Sources

AbstractIn the context of this research work, we study the so-called problem of full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid antenna array structures that are utilized in mmWave communication systems. It enables the recovery of the snapshots that would have been obtained if a conventional (non-hybrid) uniform linear antenna array was employed. The problem is considered at the receiver side where the hybrid architecture exploits in a novel way the antenna elements of a uniform linear array. To this end, the recommended scheme is properly designed so as to be applicable to overlapping and non-overlapping architectures. Moreover, the full snapshot recoverability is addressed for two cases, namely for time-varying and constant signal sources. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the consistency between the theoretically predicted behaviors and the simulated results, and the performance of the proposed scheme in terms angle-of-arrival estimation, when compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm and a recently proposed hybrid version of MUSIC (H-MUSIC).

scholarly journals A Novel Hook-Shaped Antenna Operating at 28 GHz for Future 5G mmwave Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Mian Kamal ◽  
Shouyi Yang ◽  
Saad Kiani ◽  
Daniyal Sehrai ◽  
Mohammad Alibakhshikenari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Element Array

To address atmospheric attenuation and path loss issues in the mmwave portion of the spectrum, high gain and narrow beam antenna systems are essential for the next generation communication networks. This paper presents a novel hook-shaped antenna array for 28 GHz 5G mmwave applications. The proposed antenna was fabricated on commercially available Rogers 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm and dimensions of 10 × 8 mm2. The proposed shape consists of a circle with an arc-shaped slot on top of it and T-shaped resonating lengths are introduced in order to attain broad band characteristics having gain of 3.59 dBi with radiation and total efficiency of 92% and 86% for single element. The proposed structure is transformed into a four-element array with total size of 26.9 × 18.5 mm2 in order to increase the gain up to 10.3 dBi at desired frequency of interest. The four-element array is designed such that it exhibits dual-beam response over the entire band of interest and the simulated results agree with fabricated prototype measurements. The proposed antenna array, because of its robustness, high gain, and dual-beam characteristics can be considered as a potential candidate for the next generation 5G communication systems.

scholarly journals A Novel High Gain Monopole Antenna Array for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Tarek S. Mneesy ◽  
Radwa K. Hamad ◽  
Amira I. Zaki ◽  
Wael A. E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Single Element ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Element Array

This paper presented the design and implementation of a 60 GHz single element monopole antenna as well as a two-element array made of two 60 GHz monopole antennas. The proposed antenna array was used for 5G applications with radiation characteristics that conformed to the requirements of wireless communication systems. The proposed single element was designed and optimized to work at 60 GHz with a bandwidth of 6.6 GHz (57.2–63.8 GHz) and a maximum gain of 11.6 dB. The design was optimized by double T-shaped structures that were added in the rectangular slots, as well as two external stubs in order to achieve a highly directed radiation pattern. Moreover, ring and circular slots were made in the partial ground plane at an optimized distance as a defected ground structure (DGS) to improve the impedance bandwidth in the desired band. The two-element array was fed by a feed network, thus improving both the impedance bandwidth and gain. The single element and array were fabricated, and the measured and simulated results mimicked each other in both return loss and antenna gain.

scholarly journals Miniature Dual-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fei-Peng Lai ◽  
Lu-Wu Chang ◽  
Yen-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Half Power

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna array that operates at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is proposed for fifth generation (5G) applications. The proposed array consists of four SIW cavities fabricated on one single layer of substrate. Each cavity implements a rhombic slot and a triangular-split-ring slot, resonating on TE101 and TE102 modes at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. In comparison with dual-band SIW antennas in the literature, the proposed configuration depicts a miniature footprint (28.7 × 30.8 mm2) without stacking substrates. To excite the four cavities with equal power, a broadband power divider that supports the propagation of TE10 mode is designed. Accordingly, the impedance bandwidths are 26.6–28.3 GHz and 36.8–38.9 GHz. The measured realized peak gain over the lower and higher bands is 9.3–10.9 dBi and 8.7–12.1 dBi, respectively. The measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations.

scholarly journals Compact Ultra-Wideband Series-Feed Microstrip Antenna Arrays for IoT Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6267
Author(s):  
Tiago Varum ◽  
João Caiado ◽  
João N. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
High Bandwidth

Modern communication systems require high bandwidth to meet the needs of the huge number of sensors and the growing amount of data consumed, and an exponential growth is expected in the future with the integration of internet of things networks. Spectrum regions in the millimeter waves have aroused new interests, mainly because of the contiguous bands available to meet these needs. In return, and to combat the high losses of propagation in these frequencies, higher gain antennas are needed. This paper describes the use of a logarithmic architecture in the design of microstrip antenna arrays, creating structures with high gain and ultra-wide bandwidth. Three different solutions are presented with five, seven, and nine elements, reaching about 25%, 30%, and 44% of bandwidth, achieving ultra-wideband behavior, efficient and with a compact structure operating at frequencies in around 28 GHz.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Miniature Anti-jam GNSS Antenna Array

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
A. V. Nemov ◽  
D. A. Nemov ◽  
D. L. Minh ◽  
S. A. Saveliev ◽  
A. N. Plastikov
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Miniaturized Antenna ◽  
Miniature Antennas ◽  
Miniature Antenna

The use of the miniature controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPAs) in GNSS equipment is one of the trends in GPS, Baidow, GLONASS development. A miniaturized GPS antenna array technology reduces the size of the antenna elements and the array dimensions. Miniature CRPAs are in demand not only with mass consumer of GPS/GLONASS house-hold equipment, but with expert users of complex hardware as well, where high-tech multi-sensor miniature antenna systems (AC) can be applied. Such types of AC used for intelligent control of spatial selectivity are considered as antenna arrays. The advantages of miniature CRPAs with anti-jamming capability include possibility to be installed on vehicles where it used to be impossible due to their size. The negative effect of miniaturization is in degradation of some antennas characteristics, such as gain, suppression of the reverse lobe of radiation pattern (RP), a heterogeneity of RP. In miniature antennas, the resonator interinfluence increases, that leads to distortion of individual emitters RP and to the in-crease of the total RP lobe of the antenna array irregularity, as well as the width of RP lobe. Designers take special measures to reduce the interinfluence of the resonators. However, they are not fully described in the available literature. Therefore, the achieved performance of miniature CRPAs is in great interest. The final criterion (from a consumer point of view) is in effective functional of a device containing a miniature CRPA, the degradation of its parameters in compare with traditional CRPA equipment of expert users. The authors focus on property investigation of miniature CRPAs manufactured primarily by US industry. Specifications of two antennas and some expected details of the miniaturized antenna array technology are described along with the test results of their ability to perform the objective function jammer suppression. The article contains the results obtained from independent testing of electrodynamics parameters of miniature L1/L2 frequency CRPA and its design analysis. The experimental data of sensor interinfluence are outlined. The measures to reduce the sensor interinfluence are take into account. The efficiency of the miniature antenna is estimated in the process of interference suppression by means of computer simulation. The Monte-Carlo method is applied. For the sake of generality, two types of algorithm for interference suppression are used.

scholarly journals Effects of Narrow Beam Phased Antenna Arrays over the Radio Channel Metrics, Doppler Power Spectrum, and Coherence Time, in a Context of 5G Frequency Bands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10081
Author(s):  
Brian J. Sánchez ◽  
David H. Covarrubias ◽  
Leonardo F. Yepes ◽  
Marco A. Panduro ◽  
Elizvan Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Coherence Time ◽  
Narrow Beam ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Phased Antenna Array ◽  
Doppler Power

With the arrival of 5G wireless communication systems, there has been increased interest in exploring higher frequency bands above 6 GHz, up to millimeter-wave frequencies. Radio wave propagation at these higher frequencies can suffer from substantial Doppler impairments. The linear dependency of Doppler shifts with carrier frequencies make them challenging to use in high-mobility 5G cellular scenarios. Therefore, the Doppler power spectrum (DPS) characteristics and radio channel coherence time (CT) of the received signals are of great importance for 5G wireless systems. In this way, this paper presents the effects of a narrow beam phased antenna array in reducing the DPS (due to user movement) and, simultaneously, increasing the coherence time (CT). Functional and complete descriptive assessments of beamwidths versus the DPS and CT, through different elements and geometries of the phased antenna array, are analyzed. Moreover, in terms of CT and the DPS, better performance on the 5G cellular scenarios was obtained.

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