scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Rollover and Skidding due to Pavement Roughness and Differential Settlement for Enhancing Transportation Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lu Sun ◽  
Luchuan Chen ◽  
Yanna Yin ◽  
Yao Tian ◽  
Xuanyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Differential Settlement ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Surrogate Measures ◽  
General Method

In this paper, a closed-loop simulation of vehicle dynamics in CarSim is utilized as surrogate measures to study the effect of pavement roughness and differential settlement on risk of vehicle rollover and skidding. It is found that the influence of pavement roughness on vehicle rollover is significant and the influence of pavement roughness on vehicle skidding is insignificant. The influence of pavement roughness of grade A and B on safety margin of vehicle rollover can be negligible. Pavement roughness of grade C and D significantly reduces the safety margin of vehicle rollover. A 5 cm settlement difference on pavement reduces the safety margin of vehicle skidding on a good road. When the settlement difference is 5 cm, the vehicle rollover and skidding are greatly affected by the lane-changing speed. It provides an effective and general method based on vehicle dynamics for studying transportation safety as well as for setting up criteria for pavement maintenance.

The Use of Injury Biomechanics Principles and Tools in Transportation Accident Investigation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Injury Biomechanics ◽  
Investigative Tool ◽  
National Transportation Safety Board ◽  
Investigative Process ◽  
Transportation Accident

The National Transportation Safety Board is furthering its accident investigation capabilities by implementing biomechanical tools and principles in its accident investigative process. Vehicle dynamics simulation is a commonly used investigative tool implemented to develop a complete understanding of how the vehicle moved and accelerated during an accident. Now the Safety Board is looking at both the reactions and actions of the occupants within the vehicle in response to the vehicle dynamics. This paper highlights two cases in which the principles and tools of biomechanics are applied to aid in the investigative process.

scholarly journals Assessing pavement conditions and their effect on road safety: Ontario experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Nemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Safety Effect ◽  
The Impact

The increasing need to rebuild and repair Ontario highways has motivated this research aimed at maximizing the efficiency of pavement maintenance and design. The first of two complementary objectives were to evaluate the safety improvements of reduced pavement roughness on two-lane undivided Ontario highways using the Empirical Bayes and Cross-Sectional analysis methods. The second objective was to improve the prediction of pavement distress and surface roughness by examining the impact of local calibration of prediction models. The findings suggest that better pavement conditions can reduce the severity of fatal and injury collisions by as much as 12% in some cases and therefore that pavement maintenance decisions should incorporate road safety when assessing cost-life analysis. The results provide a basis for those decisions in that they can be used to estimate the safety effect of a specific improvement in roughness.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the vehicle dynamics behavior during lane changing in different speeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
P.M. Heerwan ◽  
S.M. Asyraf ◽  
A.N. Efistein ◽  
C.H. Seah ◽  
J.M. Zikri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Lane Changing

Mechanistic Roughness Model Based on Vehicle-Pavement Interaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 1699 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mofreh F. Saleh ◽  
Michael S. Mamlouk ◽  
Emmanuel B. Owusu-Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Roughness Model ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Force Profile ◽  
Level Performance

A mechanistic roughness performance model that takes into account vehicle dynamics was developed for use in flexible pavement design and evaluation. The model was developed in the form of a relation between roughness and number of load repetitions, axle load, and asphalt layer thickness. The model is completely mechanistic and uses vehicle dynamics analysis to estimate the dynamic force profile and finite element structural analysis to estimate the change of pavement surface roughness for each load repetition. The model makes use of the fact that pavement roughness changes the magnitude of the vehicle dynamic forces applied on the pavement and that the dynamic forces change the road roughness. The developed mechanistic roughness performance model can be used to estimate the 80-kN (18-kip) equivalent single-axle load for mixed traffic. The model can also be used to design pavement so that it will last for a certain number of load repetitions before reaching a predetermined roughness level. Performance-based specifications can be developed using the methodology presented in this study. The model has been calibrated and verified with field data elsewhere.

scholarly journals The Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Rollover and Skidding

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Yin ◽  
Huiying Wen ◽  
Lu Sun ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Road Segments

This paper analyzes the influence of single and combined unfavorable road geometry on rollover and skidding risks of D-class mid-sized sport utility vehicles (SUVs) with front-wheel drive for roads with design speeds at 80 km/h. A closed-loop simulation model of human-vehicle-road interactions is established to examine the systematic influence of road geometry on vehicle rollover and skidding. The effects of different road geometry on rollover and skidding on SUVs are studied for pavement surface with good and poor friction when vehicles are in the action of steady state cornering. The rollover and skidding risks of the most unfavorable road segments are assessed. The critical wheel is defined by the threshold of skidding during curve negotiation. The results found that SUVs are not easy to rollover on the most unfavorable roads, regardless of good or poor friction of pavement surface. The safety margin of rollover is greater than that of skidding. The safety margin of skidding is minimal on poor friction roads. Therefore, for the sake of driving safety, it is not recommended to design the roads with these unfavorable road geometry combinations

scholarly journals Assessing pavement conditions and their effect on road safety: Ontario experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Nemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Pavement Roughness ◽  
Maintenance Decisions ◽  
Safety Effect ◽  
The Impact

The increasing need to rebuild and repair Ontario highways has motivated this research aimed at maximizing the efficiency of pavement maintenance and design. The first of two complementary objectives were to evaluate the safety improvements of reduced pavement roughness on two-lane undivided Ontario highways using the Empirical Bayes and Cross-Sectional analysis methods. The second objective was to improve the prediction of pavement distress and surface roughness by examining the impact of local calibration of prediction models. The findings suggest that better pavement conditions can reduce the severity of fatal and injury collisions by as much as 12% in some cases and therefore that pavement maintenance decisions should incorporate road safety when assessing cost-life analysis. The results provide a basis for those decisions in that they can be used to estimate the safety effect of a specific improvement in roughness.

scholarly journals Trajectory Planning with Time-Variant Safety Margin for Autonomous Vehicle Lane Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Bangjun Qiao ◽  
Chengrui Su
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Gray Prediction ◽  
Safety Margins

A lane change is one of the most important driving scenarios for autonomous driving vehicles. This paper proposes a safe and comfort-oriented algorithm for an autonomous vehicle to perform lane changes on a straight and level road. A simplified Gray Prediction Model is designed to estimate the driving status of surrounding vehicles, and time-variant safety margins are employed during the trajectory planning to ensure a safe maneuver. The algorithm is able to adapt its lane changing strategy based on traffic situation and passenger demands, and features condition-triggered rerouting to handle unexpected traffic situations. The concept of dynamic safety margins with different settings of parameters gives a customizable feature for the autonomous lane changing control. The effect of the algorithm is verified within a self-developed traffic simulation system.

A Method to Quantify Vehicle Dynamics and Deformation for Vehicle Rollover Tests Using Camera-Matching Video Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Rose ◽  
William T.C. Neale ◽  
Stephen J. Fenton ◽  
David Hessel ◽  
Robert W. McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Vehicle Rollover

Vehicle Dynamic Simulation for Reconstruction of Rollover Crashes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz A. Sayed ◽  
Pierre Delaigue ◽  
Azim Eskandarian ◽  
Kennerely Digges
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Simulation ◽  
3D Computer Simulation

Vehicle rollover crashes are the most severe in terms of occupant's fatalities and injuries. On average rollover crashes are responsible for more then 10,000 fatalities annually. Vehicle rollover is a very complex phenomenon. Simple static analysis and evidence analysis may not be sufficient to provide insight on the vehicle dynamic behavior during the pre-roll phase i.e. from the point of initiation of the crash to the beginning of the first airborne phase. 3D computer simulation provides one of the most comprehensive tools in accident analysis and reconstruction. The main objective of this research was to obtain accurate vehicle pre roll dynamics data in real life rollover crashes using commercially available vehicle dynamics and simulation programs.

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