Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Wound Healing Paste From Babool Tree Gum

Herbal medicines Have been the basis of treatment and cure for various diseases and physiological conditions in traditional Methods of practice such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha. A large fraction of the world population, especially in The developing and underdeveloped countries still depends mainly on the traditional system of medicine. The use of plants and plant products in medicines is getting Popularized because the herbal medicines are cheap, easily available and have natural origin with higher safety Margins and lesser or no side effects. In Unani system of medicine Babool (Acacia Arabica) is considered as Plant having medicinal properties on various system of human body. Different parts of the plant including Bark, Root, gum, leaves, pod and seeds have medicinal properties. The present review is an attempt to highlight the Various ethnobotanical and Unani traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on Acacia arabica to which commonly known as Babool.

Creation and analysis of a flight attendant platform

Flight simulators have been used for a long time to train pilots of any type of aircraft. This type of training is more economical. The flight simulator improves control skills in extreme situations with minimal risks for the future pilot. Training on a flight simulator makes it possible to reproduce adverse weather conditions at any time. The pilot is on the ground in a special cockpit, which is mounted on a movable platform. This system is needed to ensure flight conditions as close to real as possible. The subject of the research in the article is an aviation simulator on the Stewart platform. The aim is to create and analyze an flight simulator platform using software. The paper presents the already existing flight simulator and its characteristics. Taking into account its dimensions and weight, the platform is modeled in SolidWorks. The kinematic diagram of the type design (6-6) is selected and presented. The basic equation of dynamics for calculating platform motion law for given values of the control forces is given. Also using this equation it is possible to find the controlling forces knowing the law of motion. The developed 3D model consists of two platforms, a movable and a stationary one. The legs with automatically variable length are attached to the platform using hinges. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Static analysis of the loaded platform was performed. By loaded platform is meant that in the places where the simulator and the pi-lot's seat are installed, loads equal in weight to the simulator and the maximum weight of the seat with the pilot are applied. The anal-ysis includes such epurfaces: loads to assess whether the structure can support a given weight, displacement, deformation, safety margins and a Design Insight plot to evaluate design details. Identification of elements that are most likely to start collapsing under the weight of the simulator. The research was performed using SolidWorks Simulation software. Based on the data obtained from the plot, conclusions were made about the performance and safety of the developed platform.

Multispectral Imaging Algorithm Predicts Breslow Thickness of Melanoma

Breslow thickness is a major prognostic factor for melanoma. It is based on histopathological evaluation, and thus it is not available to aid clinical decision making at the time of the initial melanoma diagnosis. In this work, we assessed the efficacy of multispectral imaging (MSI) to predict Breslow thickness and developed a classification algorithm to determine optimal safety margins of the melanoma excision. First, we excluded nevi from the analysis with a novel quantitative parameter. Parameter s’ could differentiate nevi from melanomas with a sensitivity of 89.60% and specificity of 88.11%. Following this step, we have categorized melanomas into three different subgroups based on Breslow thickness (≤1 mm, 1–2 mm and >2 mm) with a sensitivity of 78.00% and specificity of 89.00% and a substantial agreement (κ = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.58–0.76). We compared our results to the performance of dermatologists and dermatology residents who assessed dermoscopic and clinical images of these melanomas, and reached a sensitivity of 60.38% and specificity of 80.86% with a moderate agreement (κ = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.39–0.43). Based on our findings, this novel method may help predict the appropriate safety margins for curative melanoma excision.

A review of the mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of some medicinal plants–biochemical perspectives

Cancer is a disease resulting in unbridled growth of cells due to dysregulation in the balance of cell populations. Various management procedures in handling cases of cancer are not without their adverse side effects on the normal cells. Medicinal plants/herbs have been in use in the management of various ailments, including cancer, for a long time. Medicinal plants have been credited with wide safety margins, cost effectiveness, availability and diverse activities. This study reviewed various mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of some medicinal plants from a biochemical perspective. The mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of plant compounds addressed in this article include induction of apoptosis, anti-angiogenic effects, anti-metastasis, inhibition of cell cycle, inhibition of DNA destruction and effects on key enzymes, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant effects. The anti-cancer activities of some of the plants involve more than one mechanism.

DARCLOS: a cloud shadow detection algorithm for TROPOMI

Cloud shadows are observed by the TROPOMI satellite instrument as a result of its high spatial resolution as compared to its predecessor instruments. These shadows contaminate TROPOMI's air quality measurements, because shadows are generally not taken into account in the models that are used for aerosol and trace gas retrievals. If the shadows are to be removed from the data, or if shadows are to be studied, an automatic detection of the shadow pixels is needed. We present the Detection AlgoRithm for CLOud Shadows (DARCLOS) for TROPOMI, which is the first cloud shadow detection algorithm for a spaceborne spectrometer. DARCLOS raises potential cloud shadow flags (PCSFs), and actual cloud shadow flags (ACSFs). The PCSFs indicate the TROPOMI ground pixels that are potentially affected by cloud shadows based on a geometric consideration with safety margins. The ACSFs are a refinement of the PCSFs using spectral reflectance information of the PCSF pixels, and identify the TROPOMI ground pixels that are confidently affected by cloud shadows. We validate DARCLOS with true color images made by the VIIRS instrument on board of Suomi NPP orbiting in close constellation with TROPOMI on board of Sentinel 5-P. We conclude that the PCSF can be used to exclude cloud shadow contamination from TROPOMI data, while the ACSF can be used to select pixels for the scientific analysis of cloud shadow effects.

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Green Tea Polyphenon-60 against Avian Paramyxoviruses

Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) have caused an economically significant drop in global domestic poultry production because of their high morbidity and mortality rates. Polyphenols are the major components of green tea that have great antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-APMV activities of polyphenon-60. Twelve APMV-1 strains representing three different pathotypes, two strains of APMV-2, one strain of APMV-3, and one strain of APMV-7 were propagated in chicken embryos. To determine the cytotoxic effect, chicken embryo fibroblasts were treated with the test compound in various concentrations. To assess the antiviral properties, time-dependent, dose-dependent, and virulence-dependent experiments were conducted in both cell and chicken embryo models. A reduction in virus titers was measured by the hemagglutination test. The inhibitory effect on virus adsorption to the chicken red blood cell (RBC) surface was examined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that lentogenic and mesogenic APMV-1 strains, APMV-3 strain, and APMV-7 strain were significantly inhibited ( p < 0.05 ) by polyphenon-60 at 50 μg/ml, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration of the compound was 345 μg/ml. Polyphenon-60 also exhibited the inhibitory activity against hemagglutination by NDV. Taken together, the results suggest that polyphenon-60 has shown promise as an antiviral agent that has wide safety margins against APMVs, and challenge studies to evaluate its efficacy in chickens are necessary.

Metallic Nanoparticles: A Useful Prompt Gamma Emitter for Range Monitoring in Proton Therapy?

In clinical practice, dose delivery in proton therapy treatment is affected by uncertainties related to the range of the beam in the patient, which requires medical physicists to introduce safety margins on the penetration depth of the beam. Although this ensures an irradiation of the entire clinical target volume with the prescribed dose, these safety margins also lead to the exposure of nearby healthy tissues and a subsequent risk of side effects. Therefore, non-invasive techniques that allow for margin reduction through online monitoring of prompt gammas emitted along the proton tracks in the patient are currently under development. This study provides the proof-of-concept of metal-based nanoparticles, injected into the tumor, as a prompt gamma enhancer, helping in the beam range verification. It identifies the limitations of this application, suggesting a low feasibility in a realistic clinical scenario but opens some avenues for improvement.

Investigation of Suitable Detection Angles for Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Monitoring in Depth by Means of Secondary-Ion Tracking

The dose conformity of carbon-ion beam radiotherapy, which allows the reduction of the dose deposition in healthy tissue and the escalation of the dose to the tumor, is associated with a high sensitivity to anatomical changes during and between treatment irradiations. Thus, the monitoring of inter-fractional anatomical changes is crucial to ensure the dose conformity, to potentially reduce the size of the safety margins around the tumor and ultimately to reduce the irradiation of healthy tissue. To do so, monitoring methods of carbon-ion radiotherapy in depth using secondary-ion tracking are being investigated. In this work, the detection and localization of a small air cavity of 2 mm thickness were investigated at different detection angles of the mini-tracker relative to the beam axis. The experiments were conducted with a PMMA head phantom at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany. In a clinic-like irradiation of a single field of 3 Gy (RBE), secondary-ion emission profiles were measured by a 2 cm2 mini-tracker composed of two silicon pixel detectors. Two positions of the cavity in the head phantom were studied: in front and in the middle of the tumor volume. The significance of the cavity detection was found to be increased at smaller detection angles, while the accuracy of the cavity localization was improved at larger detection angles. Detection angles of 20° – 30° were found to be a good compromise for accessing both, the detectability and the position of the air cavity along the depth in the head of a patient.