scholarly journals The Acute-Phase Proteins Serum Amyloid A and C Reactive Protein in Transudates and Exudates

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra M. Okino ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Jefferson R. Cardoso ◽  
Edson L. Lavado ◽  
Paulo A. Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Serum Ratio

The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in 12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP were measured. SAA present in the exudate corresponded to10%of the amount found in serum, that is, the exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was0.10±0.13. For comparison, the exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was0.39±0.37and0.68±0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r=0.764;p<0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus 0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and transudates

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

scholarly journals Regulation of rabbit acute phase protein biosynthesis by monokines

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mackiewicz ◽  
M K Ganapathi ◽  
D Schultz ◽  
D Samols ◽  
J Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte Cultures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Necrosis Factor

We defined the acute phase behaviour of a number of rabbit plasma proteins in studies (in vivo) and studied the effects of monokine preparations on their synthesis by rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures. Following turpentine injection, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and decreased concentrations of albumin were observed. In contrast to what is observed in man, concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin were increased. Co-culture of primary hepatocyte cultures with lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood monocytes or incubation with conditioned medium prepared from lipopolysaccharide-activated human or rabbit monocytes resulted in dose-dependent induction of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and depression of albumin synthesis, while C-reactive protein synthesis and mRNA levels remained unchanged. A variety of interleukin-1 preparations induced dose-dependent increases in the synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and decreased albumin synthesis. Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) induced a dose-dependent increase in synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. In general, human interleukin-1 was more potent than mouse interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. None of the monokines we studied had an effect on C-reactive protein synthesis or mRNA levels. These data confirm that C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit, and demonstrate that, in contrast to their behaviour in man, alpha 2M and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species. While both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures, neither of these monokines induced C-reactive protein synthesis. Comparison of these findings with those in human hepatoma cell lines, in which interleukin-1 does not induce serum amyloid A synthesis, suggests that the effect of interleukin-1 on serum amyloid A synthesis may be indirect.

Serum Amyloid A and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations Are Differently Associated with Markers of Autoimmunity in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2487-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJA PERTOVAARA ◽  
JUULIA JYLHÄVÄ ◽  
HANNU UUSITALO ◽  
JUHANI PUKANDER ◽  
HEIKKI HELIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Phase Protein ◽  
Sicca Symptoms ◽  
Protein Serum

Objective.Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease in which the concentration of the acute-phase protein serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is low. We investigated whether levels of another acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), are increased in patients with pSS and whether the immunological markers in patients with pSS are associated with variation in SAA levels.Methods.Serum SAA concentrations were measured by ELISA in 74 patients with pSS and in 56 control subjects with sicca symptoms.Results.Median SAA levels did not differ significantly between patients with pSS and subjects with sicca symptoms. In patients with pSS SAA concentrations correlated significantly with age, leukocyte count, CRP, interleukin 6, and C4. Unlike CRP, there was a significant inverse correlation between SAA and serum IgG levels and anti-SSA antibody titers, as well as a trend towards an inverse correlation between SAA and antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor titers.Conclusion.Our data imply that high SAA production could constitute a protective element in pSS: high SAA levels inhibit in particular various signs of B cell hyperreactivity, i.e., IgG and autoantibody production.

Abstract B87: Acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid A) and post-diagnosis mammographic density in breast cancer survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11 Supplement) ◽  
pp. B87-B87
Author(s):  
Anne Dee ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Richard N. Baumgartner ◽  
Kathy B. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

scholarly journals The sphingomyelin–ceramide pathway participates in cytokine regulation of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, but not α-fibrinogen

1997 ◽  
Vol 328 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard LOZANSKI ◽  
Franck BERTHIER ◽  
Irving KUSHNER
Keyword(s):  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

Maximal induction of the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B requires the combination of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1. In contrast, IL-1 inhibits fibrinogen induction by IL-6. To explore the possible participation of the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway in the transduction of cytokine effects, the role of this pathway in expression of CRP, SAA and α-fibrinogen was investigated. The cell-permeable ceramide analogues C2 and C6 each greatly potentiated induction of both CRP and SAA mRNA by IL-6+IL-1β but did not affect the responses of α-fibrinogen to IL-6 or to IL-6+IL-1β. The combination of IL-6+IL-1β led to increased turnover of sphingomyelin in Hep3B cells. D609, an inhibitor of ceramide production by acidic but not neutral sphingomyelinases, substantially inhibited induction of CRP and SAA by IL-6+IL-1β. The ability of C2 and C6 to potentiate the effects of cytokines suggests that the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway participates in induction of CRP and SAA by IL-6+IL-1β under these experimental conditions, most likely by transducing the effects of IL-1β. C2 and C6 were unable to substitute for IL-1β in enhancing IL-6 effects on CRP and SAA, consistent with other reports indicating that the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway is only a single component of multiple necessary converging pathways for induction of many genes. In contrast, this pathway does not appear to participate in mediating the inhibitory effects of IL-1β on fibrinogen induction by IL-6.

Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin in pigs inoculated with African swine fever or classical swine fever viruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón ◽  
José J. Cerón ◽  
Alejandro Núñez ◽  
Silvia Martínez-Subiela ◽  
Miriam Pedrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Serum
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