scholarly journals Immunomodulatory role of phagocyte-derived chloramines involving lymphocyte glutathione

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Witko-Sarsat ◽  
Anh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Béatrice Descamps-Latscha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Myristate Acetate ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Free Model ◽  
A Cell

This study shows that human lymphocytes markedly decrease chloramines (long-lived oxidants) generated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) after stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate or opsonized zymosan. In a cell-free model, reduced glutathione (GSH) scavenged chloramines, giving rise to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In the cell system, treatment of lymphocytes with autologous PMN-derived chloramines induced a profound decrease in their total and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and markedly inhibited their proliferate responses to concanavalin-A and, to a lesser extent, phytohaemagglutinin. It is concluded that (i) lymphocytes may play a defensive role against phagocyte-derived oxidative stress by scavenging chloramines, and (ii) as this effect which is mediated by GSH affects lymphocyte proliferative responses, it may help to elucidate the still obscure mechanisms of oxidative stress associated immunodeficiency.

Role of calreticulin in the sensitivity of myocardiac H9c2 cells to oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. C208-C221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito Ihara ◽  
Yoshishige Urata ◽  
Shinji Goto ◽  
Takahito Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Caspase 12 ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Calreticulin (CRT), a Ca2+-binding molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a vital role in cardiac physiology and pathology. Oxidative stress is a main cause of myocardiac apoptosis in the ischemic heart, but the function of CRT under oxidative stress is not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of overexpression of CRT on susceptibility to apoptosis under oxidative stress was examined using myocardiac H9c2 cells transfected with the CRT gene. Under oxidative stress due to H2O2, the CRT-overexpressing cells were highly susceptible to apoptosis compared with controls. In the overexpressing cells, the levels of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were significantly increased by H2O2, whereas in controls, only a slight increase was observed. The H2O2-induced apoptosis was enhanced by the increase in [Ca2+]i caused by thapsigargin in control cells but was suppressed by BAPTA-AM, a cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator in the CRT-overexpressing cells, indicating the importance of the level of [Ca2+]i in the sensitivity to H2O2-induced apoptosis. Suppression of CRT by the introduction of the antisense cDNA of CRT enhanced cytoprotection against oxidative stress compared with controls. Furthermore, we found that the levels of activity of calpain and caspase-12 were elevated through the regulation of [Ca2+]i in the CRT-overexpressing cells treated with H2O2 compared with controls. Thus we conclude that the level of CRT regulates the sensitivity to apoptosis under oxidative stress due to H2O2 through a change in Ca2+ homeostasis and the regulation of the Ca2+-calpain-caspase-12 pathway in myocardiac cells.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and hepatoprotective property of squalene for counteracting the oxidative damage induced by methotrex- ate in experimental rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Edakkukaran Sudhakaran Sumi ◽  
Pavan Kumar Dara ◽  
Rosemol Jacob Mannuthy ◽  
Balaraman Ganesan ◽  
Rangasamy Anandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bone Marrow Toxicity ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Limited Application

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate drug, is extensively prescribed for patients suffering from diseases like cancer, psoriasis, neoplasms, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite its effectiveness, MTX sometimes finds limited application because its undesirable side effects, including hepatic or renal impairment, bone marrow toxicity and gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Squalene, a highly unsaturated isoprenoid compound, isolated from shark liver oil has great potential in neutralizing the damaging effects triggered by free radicals. Therefore, in this study, the protective role of dietary squalene supplementation on oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in experimental rats was evaluated. A significant reduction was displayed in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Similarly, the activities of glutathione dependant enzymes (GPx and GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in MTX-induced groups were shown to be lower compared to the untreated control. Increased LPO (lipid peroxide) level was found in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. In addition, alterations in the levels of liver marker enzymes like AST, ALP, ALT, and LDH were noticed in MTX intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Biochemical results were confirmed by the histopathological examination of liver sections. In conclusion, the result obtained in the present study proposes that squalene exerts antioxidant activity and is capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and liver injury induced by MTX.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages induced by acrylamide attenuate by ellagic acid in human lymphocyte

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247776
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salimi ◽  
Elahe Baghal ◽  
Hassan Ghobadi ◽  
Niloufar Hashemidanesh ◽  
Farzad Khodaparast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Ros Formation

Acrylamide (AA), is an important contaminant formed during food processing under high temperature. Due to its potential neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity effects, this food contaminant has been recognized as a human health concern. Previous studies showed that acrylamide-induced toxicity is associated with active metabolite of acrylamide by cytochrome P450 enzyme, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. In the current study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress in acrylamide’s genotoxicity and therapeutic potential role of ellagic acid (EA) in human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were simultaneously treated with different concentrations of EA (10, 25 and 50 μM) and acrylamide (50 μM) for 4 h at 37°C. After 4 hours of incubation, the toxicity parameters such cytotoxicity, ROS formation, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lysosomal membrane integrity, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometry evaluations. It has been found that acrylamide (50 μM) significantly increased cytotoxicity, ROS formation, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. On the other hand, cotreatment with EA (25 and 50 μM) inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress which subsequently led to decreasing of the cytotoxicity, GSH oxidation, lipid peroxidation, MMP collapse, lysosomal and DNA damage. Together, these results suggest that probably the co-exposure of EA with foods containing acrylamide could decrease mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages, and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in human body.

scholarly journals Amelioratory Effect of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin on Spleen during VRSA-Induced Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽  
Santanu KarMahapatra ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Sahu ◽  
Panchanan Pramanik ◽  
Somenath Roy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant effects of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA infection on select makers of oxidative damage and antioxidant status in spleen. Methods. A coagulase-positive VRSA strain was used for this study. VRSA infection was developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. VRSA-infected mice were treated with nanoconjugated vancomycin at its effective dose for 10 days. After decapitation, blood was used for determination of viable bacteria count and spleen was excised from control and experimental groups, homogenized and used for different biochemical estimations. Results. Nitrate level, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione, and DNA fragmentation level were increased significantly (P<0.05) in spleen of VRSA-infected group as compared to control group, and reduced glutathione level, activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST were decreased significantly (P<0.05); which were increased or decreased significantly (P<0.05) near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. Conclusion. These findings suggest the potential use and beneficial role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VRSA-infection-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in spleen.

scholarly journals Plasma Total Cysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Burden: Action and Interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta De Chiara ◽  
Valentina Sedda ◽  
Marina Parolini ◽  
Jonica Campolo ◽  
Renata De Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Prooxidant Effect ◽  
Ordinal Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Shed Light

We hypothesized that redox analysis could provide sensitive markers of the oxidative pathway associated to the presence of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs), independently of type. We classified 304 subjects without cardiovascular disease into 4 groups according to the total number of RFs (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, diabetes, obesity, and their combination). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring plasma total and reduced homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), glutathione, cysteinylglycine, blood reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Twenty-seven percent of subjects were in group 0 RF, 26% in 1 RF, 31% in 2 RF, and 16% in ≥3 RF. By multivariable ordinal regression analysis, plasma total Cys was associated to a higher number of RF (OR = 1.068; 95% CI = 1.027–1.110, ). Total RF burden is associated with increased total Cys levels. These findings support a prooxidant effect of Cys in conjunction with RF burden, and shed light on the pathophysiologic role of redox state unbalance in preclinical atherosclerosis.

Role of metallothionein against oxidative stress in the musselMytilus galloprovincialis

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1612-R1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Viarengo ◽  
Bruno Burlando ◽  
Maria Cavaletto ◽  
Barbara Marchi ◽  
Enrica Ponzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Gland Tissue

Metallothionein (MT) is a sulfhydryl-rich protein involved mainly in heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification. In this study, the use of the mussel as an experimental model allowed us to test MT antioxidant properties at the molecular, cellular, and organism level. MT induction was achieved by mussel exposure to Cd (200 μg/l) in aquaria for 7 days followed by detoxification in the sea for 28 days. Cd-preexposed and nonexposed mussels were then treated with Fe (300–600 μg/l) in aquaria for 3 days. Biochemical assays on digestive gland tissue showed that treatment with Fe led to a significant increase in oxyradical production and malondialdehyde level only in mussels not preexposed to Cd. The Cd-dependent resistance to oxidative stress was ascribed to MT induction, as Cd produced no significant variation of reduced glutathione and major antioxidant enzymes. Digital imaging of isolated digestive gland cells showed lower oxyradical rise and higher viability in cells from Cd-preexposed mussels after treatments with 0.5–5 mM H2O2. Analyses on whole organisms showed that anoxic survival was lowered in mussels that had been treated with Fe, but such an effect was less pronounced in Cd-preexposed mussels compared with nonpreexposed ones. In conclusion, data suggest an antioxidant role for MT, which seems to occur through oxyradical scavenging and is able to protect both isolated cells and the entire organism from oxidative stress.

scholarly journals TEP production under oxidative stress of the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Callieri ◽  
María B. Sathicq ◽  
Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves ◽  
Ester M. Eckert ◽  
Justo Salvador Hernández-Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
C Cell ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides ◽  
A Cell

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are mainly acidic polysaccharides directly or indirectly formed by phytoplankton and bacteria. These particles are often colonized by picoplankton and considered a hot spot for microbial activity. Recent studies suggested an important role of Synechococcus in TEP production found in lakes and prompted us to further investigate this issue using monoclonal xenic cultures of Synechococcus. We tested TEP production under oxidative stress in two treatments, one with hydrogen peroxide and another treated with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and high photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), compared with an unstressed control. Our results showed a cell-normalized TEP production, ranging from 12 to 238 ng C cell-1 among strains, not only under stress but also in the control with non-limiting nutrients. Our data prove that freshwater communities of Synechococcus and their associated heterotrophic microflora, are capable of producing TEP even during growth phase. The oxidative stress induced extra production of TEP up to 400 ng C cell-1 in one of our phycocyanin-type (PC) strain. The phycoerythrin-type (PE) strains increased TEP production, particularly under UV-PAR stress, whereas the PC strains did it under H2O2 stress. This study provides new perspectives on the potential role of freshwater Synechococcus in TEP production.

scholarly journals Defensive role of Rosmarinus officinalis in carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Ajaz Akram ◽  
Manju Tembhre ◽  
Ruqaya Jabeen ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Muzafar Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Role of Vigna Radiata extracts in modulating oxidative stress in an in vitro cell system

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kapravelou ◽  
K. Brahim ◽  
M Goua ◽  
R. Martínez ◽  
M. Lopez-Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Cell System
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