Tissue Distribution, Histopathological and Genotoxic Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

Nanoparticles can potentially cause adverse effects on cellular and molecular level. The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes and DNA damage effects of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) on female albino mice model with Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC). Magnetite nanoparticles coated with L-ascorbic acid (size ~ 25.0 nm) were synthesized and characterized. Mice were treated with MNPs day by day, intraperitoneally (IP), intramuscularly (IM), or intratumorally (IT). Autopsy samples were taken from the solid tumor, thigh muscle, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and brain for assessment of iron content, histopathological examination, and genotoxicity using comet assay. The liver, spleen, lung, and heart had significantly higher iron content in groups treated IP. On the other hand, tumor, muscles, and the liver had significantly higher iron content in groups treated IT. MNPs induced a significant DNA damage in IT treated ESC. While a significant DNA damage was detected in the liver of the IP treated group, but no significant DNA damage could be detected in the brain. Histopathological findings in ESC revealed a marked tumor necrosis, 50% in group injected IT but 40% in group injected IP and 20% only in untreated tumors. Other findings include inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation, and congestion of blood vessels of different organs of treated groups in addition to appearance of metastatic cancer cells in the liver of non-treated tumor group. MNPs could have an antitumor effect but it is recommended to be injected intratumorally to be directed to the tumor tissues and reduce its adverse effects on healthy tissues.

Factors Affecting Adenoma Risk Level in Patients with Intestinal Polyp and Association Analysis

Objective. To explore the factors affecting the adenoma risk level in patients with intestinal polyp and association. Methods. The clinical data of 3,911 patients with intestinal polyp treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, all patients accepted the histopathological examination, their risk of suffering from adenoma was evaluated according to the results of pathological diagnosis, and relevant hazard factors affecting adenoma risk level in them were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression analysis. Results. The results of multifactor logistic analysis showed that male gender, age ≥60 years, number of polyps >3, diameter ≥2 cm, onset at colon, and physiologically tubulovillous adenoma were the hazard factors causing high-grade adenoma risk in patients with intestinal polyp. Conclusion. There are many risk factors causing high-grade adenoma in patients with intestinal polyp, and therefore, the screening for high-risk population shall be enhanced to reduce the potential of carcinomatous change in such patients.

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potencies of dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L against Acinetobacter baumannii: an in vivo wound healing model

Background The global emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to most conventional antibiotics presents a major therapeutic challenge and necessitates the discovery of new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm potency of dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L) against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-, pandrug-resistant (PDR)-, and ATCC19606-A. baumannii. Methods After determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DCD-1L, in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities of DCD-1L were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and the effect of DCD-1L treatment on the expression of various biofilm-associated genes were determined. The inhibitory effect of DCD-1L on biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of mice treated with DCD-1L were assessed. Results The bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in all A. baumannii isolates were inhibited at 2 × , 4 × , and 8 × MIC of DCD-1L, while only 8 × MIC of DCD-1L was able to destroy the pre-formed biofilm in vitro. Also, reduce the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was observed following DCD-1L treatment. DCD-1L without cytotoxic and hemolytic activities significantly reduced the biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection. In vivo results showed that the count of A. baumannii in infected wounds was significantly decreased and the promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice was observed following treatment with 8 × MIC of DCD-1L. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrated that DCD-1L can inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and prevent the onset of infection. Taking these properties together, DCD-1L appears as a promising candidate for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm drug development.

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the right iliac region: Common lesion at uncommon

Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon soft tissue lesion characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin or subcutaneous tissue attributed to a wide variety of causes. We present a case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis in an adult male, who presented with a swelling in the right iliac region. Chalky white aspirate and amorphous basophilic granular material on microscopy suggestive of calcium deposits were noted. Histopathological examination of the excised mass coupled with appropriate clinical background led to the final diagnosis of idiopathic calcinosis cutis. We present this case with a complete diagnostic workup to undermine the importance of considering this lesion in the differential diagnoses of a subcutaneous hard lump in an otherwise healthy patient.

Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis in a COVID-19 Patient: The First Case in Malaysia

Mucormycosis is an aggressive and potentially fatal fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. There has been an increase in the number of cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in people with COVID-19, particularly in India. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is the most common manifestation of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. We report the first case of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a diabetic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia. The diagnosis of mucormycosis was confirmed by histopathological examination, but the fungal culture and PCR results were negative. He was treated with antifungal therapy and had extensive debridement. Treatment of mucormycosis requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes addressing underlying risk factors, effective antifungal therapy, and surgical debridement.

Complicated Appendicitis: A Surgical Controversy Concerning Risk Factors, Diagnostic Algorithm and Therapeutic Management

By surgeon’s perspective, complicated appendicitis is defined as perforated appendicitis, periappendicular abscess, gangrenous appendicitis or peritonitis, noted on radiological studies upon hospital admission, operative reports or pathology results of the surgical specimen. Despite that this clinical condition is truly common in everyday surgical routine, its causes and risk factors are still unclear. Some parameters have been associated with complicated appendicitis, like older age, type 2 diabetes, symptoms for longer duration, appendicoliths/fecaliths, delays in surgery after onset of symptoms and after admission. Furthermore, currently, there is no standard diagnostic algorithm for complicated appendicitis. To be specific, radiological findings lack sensitivity, intraoperative assessment may overestimate it while, histopathological examination is regarded as more specific diagnostic method. In addition, the optimal treatment for complicated appendicitis remains controversial between an immediate surgical operation (laparotomy/laparoscopy) or a trial of nonoperative management. Hereby, by reviewing the current literature, we would aim to clarify the risk factors and the diagnostic procedure of complicated appendicitis as well as to compare the operative management with the conservative one according to the type of complicated appendicitis, the success rate and the postoperative complications.

Does ( −)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects the neurotoxicity induced by bisphenol A in vivo?

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemicals that is firmly accompanied by hippocampal neuronal injury. As oxidative stress appears to be a major contributor to neurotoxicity induced by BPA, antioxidants with remarkable neuroprotective effects can play a valuable protective role. Around the world, ( −)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was one of the most popular antioxidants that could exert a beneficial neuroprotective role. Here, we examined the potential efficiency of EGCG against neurotoxicity induced by BPA in the hippocampal CA3 region of the rat model. This study revealed that EGCG was unable to abrogate the significant decrease in circulating adiponectin level and hippocampal superoxide dismutase activity as well as an increase in hippocampal levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Notably, EGCG failed to antagonize the oxidative inhibitory effect of BPA on hippocampal neurotransmission and its associated cognitive deficits. In addition, the histopathological examination with immunohistochemical detection of caspase-3 and NF-kB/p65 emphasized that EGCG failed to protect hippocampal CA3 neurons from apoptotic and necrotic effects induced by BPA. Our study revealed that EGCG showed no protective role against the neurotoxic effect caused by BPA, which may be attributed to its failure to counteract the BPA-induced oxidative stress in vivo. The controversial effect is probably related to EGCG’s ability to impede BPA glucuronidation and thus, its detoxification. That inference requires further additional experimental and clinical studies. Graphical abstract

ETIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EPIDEDE/lY'I‘IS IN GOATS IN BAGHDAD CITY

Testes from 700 male goats aged l - 3 years , slaughtered at Baghdad abatteir, were examined during 6 months period. Histological and bacteriological examinations were done when gross lesions were observed. The results revealed that epidedimytis was observed in 21 (3%) of the examined animals ; 16 (2.3%) cases were unilaterally affected and S (0.7%) cases were bilaterally affected. Bacteriological isolations from infected organs included : Corynebacterium ovis (6 isolates) and Actinomyces pyogenes (3 isolates) both constituted the majonty of isolates ; as well as E. coli (4 iso-lates), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cory. bovis., Staph. aureus, Cory , ulcerams &. Yersinia pseuclotuberculosis ( 2 isolates of each ) and Campylobacter fetus (1 isolate). Histopathological examination showed 6 pathological patterns of epididmytis including acute epididymitis (14.2% of infected cases ) , subacute nomsuppurative epididymilis (9.5% od cases ) , chronic suppurative epididymitisd (28.5% of cases ), chronic non—suppurative epididymitis (19% of cases) and spermatic granuloma (14.2% of cases ).

PATHOLOGY OF EQUINE INFECTION WITH SALMONELLA TYPHIMPRIUM VAR COPENHAGEN

Twelve horses were divided into three equal groups. Group I animals were inoculated orally with (3.7 X1012)CFU of a highly virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium 3,;a_r cop§_n__hagen. Group 11 animals were inoculated orally with 2 doses of Salmonella and then challenged with a high dose. Group III horses, served as non - infected control. ‘ The main lesions were primarily confined to the digestive tract and were characterized by catarrhal enteritis. Pseudornembrane covered the mucosa of the ileum at the ileo — cecal Valve region. Histopathological examination revealed marked rnononuclear cellular infiltration in the lamina propria and occasionally necrosis and edema in the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS PROFILE OF BLADDER DISEASES IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL FROM JANUARY 2015 TO DECEMBER 2019

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the profile of bladder disease in Soetomo General Hospital based on histopathological examination. Material & Methods: This study was using secondary data. Histopathological examination data of patients with bladder disease were evaluated based on age, gender, and histopathological types. Results: There were 419 patients with bladder abnormalities. Non-neoplasm bladder diseases were found in 62 patients consisted of 56 patients (90.32%) with cystitis and 6 patients (9.67%) with glandular cystitis. Neoplastic bladder diseases were found in 357 patients and were divided into benign and malignant neoplasm. Benign neoplasms were found in 11 patients consisted of 5 patients (45.45%) with UP and 6 patients (54.54%) with IUP. Malignant neoplasms were found in 340 patients consisted of 300 patients (88.23%) with urothelial carcinoma, 26 patients (7.64%) with adenocarcinoma, 14 patients (4.12%) with SCC. Moreover, six male patients with PUNLMP were also reported. Conclusion: Histopathological examination in patients with bladder abnormalities shows that neoplastic bladder diseases (357/419, 85.20%) were more common than non-neoplastic bladder disease (62/419, 14.80%).