The Diagnoses of Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Unipolar Depression: Interrater Reliability and Congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Cheniaux ◽  
J. Landeira-Fernandez ◽  
Marcio Versiani
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

COMT in major depression - UK candidate gene association study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 813-813
Author(s):  
A. Schosser ◽  
M.Y. Ng ◽  
A.W. Butler ◽  
S. Cohen-Woods ◽  
N. Craddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Haplotypic Association ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
System 1 ◽  
The Impact

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has a central role in brain dopamine, noradrenalin and adrenalin signaling, and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of affective disorders. The functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 (Val158Met, rs4680) influences the COMT enzyme activity. The Val158Met polymorphism is a commonly studied variant in psychiatric genetics, and initial studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder presented evidence for association with the Met allele. In unipolar depression, while some of the investigations point at an association between the Met/Met genotype and others have found a link between the Val/Val genotype and depression, most of the studies cannot detect any difference in Val158Met allele frequency between depressed individuals and controls.In the present study, we further elucidated the impact of COMT polymorphisms including the Val158Met in MDD. We investigated 1,250 subjects with DSM-IV and/or ICD-10 diagnosis of major depression (MDD), and 1,589 control subjects from UK. A total of 24 SNPs spanning the COMT gene were successfully genotyped using the Illumina HumaHap610-Quad Beadchip (22 SNPs), SNPlex™ genotyping system (1 SNP), and Sequenom MassARRAY® iPLEX Gold (1 SNP). Statistical analyses were implemented using PASW Statistics18, FINETTI (http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl), UNPHASED version 3.0.10 program and Haploview 4.0 program.Neither single-marker nor haplotypic association was found with the functional Val158Met polymorphism or with any of the other SNPs genotyped. Our findings do not provide evidence that COMT plays a role in MDD or that this gene explains part of the genetic overlap with bipolar disorder.

P01-224-Diagnosis and misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder: decision making of Austrian psychiatrists

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
C. Lex ◽  
C. Rados ◽  
T.D. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diagnostic Decision ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Diagnostic Decision Making

IntroductionStudies show that bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed. One reason for misdiagnosis may be that psychiatrists do not rely strictly on ICD or DSM criteria but consider some symptoms, e.g., „decreased need for sleep”, as more critical than others. Another reason could be that the diagnosis of bipolar disorder is associated with the total number of reported symptoms.ObjectivesFirstly, we investigate if an individual is more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder if he/she reports a „decreased need for sleep”. Secondly, we explore if a high number of reported relevant symptoms increases the likelihood of a bipolar diagnosis.MethodFive case vignettes that varied in respect to the relevant information were sent to 400 randomly selected Austrian psychiatrists. The vignettes contained all information that is required to diagnose a bipolar disorder according to ICD-10 or DSM-IV. The psychiatrists were asked to return a questionnaire that collected data on their diagnostic decision making.ResultsPreliminary data will be reported and discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder: A nationwide prospective 15‐year register study on 43 495 inpatients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-592
Author(s):  
Ilya Baryshnikov ◽  
Reijo Sund ◽  
Mauri Marttunen ◽  
Tanja Svirskis ◽  
Timo Partonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Register Study

Emotional Schemas: A New Cognitive Perspective for the Distinction Between Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S243-S243 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Onur
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
General Activation ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionClinicians need to make the differential diagnosis between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder to guide their treatment choices. Looking at the differences observed in the emotional schemas might help with this differentiation. This study is an exploratory investigation of schema theory's Leahy's emotional schemas among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression.MethodsThree groups of subjects 56 unipolar depression in the remission period, 70 bipolar eutimic and 58 healthy controls were asked to fill out the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). The clinicians diagnosed the participants according to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR with SCID-I, and rated the moods of the subjects with the Beck Depression Scale, and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Statistical analyses were undertaken to identify the group differences on LESS.ResultsThe bipolar eutimic and unipolar depression patients’ scores on the LESS dimensions were significantly different from the healthy participants in the areas of control, consensus, acceptance of feelings, dissimilarity and simplistic view of emotions.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the metacognitive model of unipolar depression might be extrapolated for patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder may be associated with a general activation of the emotional schemas.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Where should bipolar disorder appear in the meta-structure?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2071-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
G. Andrews ◽  
M. J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The One

BackgroundThe extant major psychiatric classifications, DSM-IV and ICD-10, are purportedly atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis is greatly enhanced by an understanding of both risk factors and clinical history. In an effort to group mental disorders on the basis of risk factors and clinical manifestations, five clusters have been proposed. The purpose of this paper is to consider the position of bipolar disorder (BPD), which could be either with the psychoses, or with emotional disorders, or in a separate cluster.MethodWe reviewed the literature on BPD, unipolar depression (UPD) and schizophrenia in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by the DSM-V Task Force Study Group, and then summarized similarities and differences between BPD and schizophrenia on the one hand, and UPD on the other.ResultsThere are differences, often substantial and never trivial, for 10 of the 11 validators between BPD and UPD. There are also important differences between BPD and schizophrenia.ConclusionBPD has previously been classified together with UPD, but this is the least justifiable place for it. If it is to be recruited to a ‘psychotic cluster’, there are several important respects in which it differs from schizophrenia, so the cluster would have a division within it. The alternative would be to allow it to be in an intermediate position in a cluster of its own.

scholarly journals A 20-year multi-follow-up of hallucinations in schizophrenia, other psychotic, and mood disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Goghari ◽  
M. Harrow ◽  
L. S. Grossman ◽  
C. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundHallucinations are a major aspect of psychosis and a diagnostic feature of both psychotic and mood disorders. However, the field lacks information regarding the long-term course of hallucinations in these disorders. Our goals were to determine the percentage of patients with hallucinations and the relationship between hallucinations and recovery, and work attainment.MethodThe present study was a prospective evaluation of the 20-year trajectory of hallucinations in 150 young patients: 51 schizophrenia, 25 schizoaffective, 25 bipolar with psychosis, and 49 unipolar depression. The patients were studied at an index phase of hospitalization for hallucinations, and then reassessed longitudinally at six subsequent follow-ups over 20 years.ResultsThe longitudinal course of hallucinations clearly differentiated between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis, and suggested some diagnostic similarities between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and between bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder and depression. Frequent or persistent hallucinatory activity over the 20-year period was a feature of 40–45% of schizophrenia patients. The early presence of hallucinations predicted the lack of future periods of recovery in all patients. Increased hallucinatory activity was associated with reduced work attainment in all patients.ConclusionsThis study provides data on the prospective longitudinal course of hallucinations, which were previously unavailable to the field, and are one of the key features of psychosis in major psychiatric disorders. This information on the clinical course of major psychiatric disorders can inform accurate classification and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Polygenic Risk Scores in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Depressive-Type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A Dennison ◽  
Sophie E Legge ◽  
Leon Hubbard ◽  
Amy J Lynham ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract There is controversy about the status of schizoaffective disorder depressive-type (SA-D), particularly whether it should be considered a form of schizophrenia or a distinct disorder. We aimed to determine whether individuals with SA-D differ from individuals with schizophrenia in terms of demographic, premorbid, and lifetime clinical characteristics, and genetic liability to schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. Participants were from the CardiffCOGS sample and met ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia (n = 713) or SA-D (n = 151). Two samples, Cardiff Affected-sib (n = 354) and Cardiff F-series (n = 524), were used for replication. For all samples, phenotypic data were ascertained through structured interview, review of medical records, and an ICD-10 diagnosis made by trained researchers. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare individuals with schizophrenia and SA-D for demographic and clinical characteristics, and polygenic risk scores (PRS). In the CardiffCOGS, SA-D, compared to schizophrenia, was associated with female sex, childhood abuse, history of alcohol dependence, higher functioning Global Assessment Scale (GAS) score in worst episode of psychosis, lower functioning GAS score in worst episode of depression, and reduced lifetime severity of disorganized symptoms. Individuals with SA-D had higher depression PRS compared to those with schizophrenia. PRS for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder did not significantly differ between SA-D and schizophrenia. Compared to individuals with schizophrenia, individuals with SA-D had higher rates of environmental and genetic risk factors for depression and a similar genetic liability to schizophrenia. These findings are consistent with SA-D being a sub-type of schizophrenia resulting from elevated liability to both schizophrenia and depression.

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