Unemployment and Substance Use in Young Adults: Does Educational Attainment Modify the Association?

We studied whether patterns of substance use in relation to unemployment vary depending on educational level. Data come from 1,126 community-based young adults in France (18-35 years of age in 2011) and their parents (TEMPO and GAZEL studies). Tobacco use (≥1 cigarette/day, 22.5% prevalence), nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥2, 7.1% prevalence), alcohol use (≥2 units/week, 25.3% prevalence), alcohol abuse (WHO AUDIT ≥7 in women and ≥8 in men, 10.8% prevalence), cannabis use (≥1 time, 16.5% prevalence), and cannabis abuse (CAST ≥2, 5.0% prevalence) were assessed by interview. We conducted logistic regression analyses controlled for inverse probability weights of unemployment, calculated based on demographics, negative life events, health, and juvenile and parental characteristics. Compared to participants who were always employed, those who were unemployed and had no higher education were more likely to smoke tobacco (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.86-4.10), to be nicotine dependent (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.03-10.73), to use cannabis (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.42-3.64), and to abuse cannabis (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.63-7.04). Those who were unemployed and had higher education were especially likely to abuse alcohol (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.09). Increases in unemployment may impact population levels of substance use, particularly in young adults with low educational attainment.

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Parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes: a systematic review of genetically informative literature

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01300-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eshim S. Jami ◽

Anke R. Hammerschlag ◽

Meike Bartels ◽

Christel M. Middeldorp

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Matched Pair ◽

Genetic Transmission ◽

Parental Characteristics ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Internalising Problems ◽

Parenting Behaviours

AbstractVarious parental characteristics, including psychiatric disorders and parenting behaviours, are associated with offspring mental health and related outcomes in observational studies. The application of genetically informative designs is crucial to disentangle the role of genetic and environmental factors (as well as gene–environment correlation) underlying these observations, as parents provide not only the rearing environment but also transmit 50% of their genes to their offspring. This article first provides an overview of behavioural genetics, matched-pair, and molecular genetics designs that can be applied to investigate parent–offspring associations, whilst modelling or accounting for genetic effects. We then present a systematic literature review of genetically informative studies investigating associations between parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes, published since 2014. The reviewed studies provide reliable evidence of genetic transmission of depression, criminal behaviour, educational attainment, and substance use. These results highlight that studies that do not use genetically informative designs are likely to misinterpret the mechanisms underlying these parent–offspring associations. After accounting for genetic effects, several parental characteristics, including parental psychiatric traits and parenting behaviours, were associated with offspring internalising problems, externalising problems, educational attainment, substance use, and personality through environmental pathways. Overall, genetically informative designs to study intergenerational transmission prove valuable for the understanding of individual differences in offspring mental health and related outcomes, and mechanisms of transmission within families.

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Racial identity, discrimination, and polysubstance use: Examining culturally relevant correlates of substance use profiles among Black young adults.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/adb0000690 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Devin E. Banks ◽

Richelle L. Clifton ◽

Paris B. Wheeler

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Racial Identity ◽

Culturally Relevant ◽

Polysubstance Use

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Supplemental Material for Patterns of Gambling and Substance Use Initiation in African American and White Adolescents and Young Adults

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/adb0000531.supp ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

African American ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

White Adolescents ◽

Substance Use Initiation

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Facts From NLTS2: Substance Use Among Young Adults With Disabilities

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e607442011-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Adults With Disabilities

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Engaging the Family in the Care of Young Adults With Substance Use Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2020-023523c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 147 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. S215-S219

Author(s):

Sarah M. Bagley ◽

Alicia S. Ventura ◽

Karen E. Lasser ◽

Fred Muench

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

The Family

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1. The Neoliberal Logic of Service-Learning

Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education ◽

10.3726/ptihe.2020.01.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan Snider Bailey

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Service Learning ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Community Partnerships ◽

Market Forces ◽

Community Based ◽

University Partnerships ◽

Economic Changes ◽

The Public ◽

The Relationship

<?page nr="1"?>Abstract This article investigates the ways in which service-learning manifests within our neoliberal clime, suggesting that service-learning amounts to a foil for neoliberalism, allowing neoliberal political and economic changes while masking their damaging effects. Neoliberalism shifts the relationship between the public and the private, structures higher education, and promotes a façade of community-based university partnerships while facilitating a pervasive regime of control. This article demonstrates that service-learning amounts to an enigma of neoliberalism, making possible the privatization of the public and the individualizing of social problems while masking evidence of market-based societal control. Neoliberal service-learning distances service from teaching and learning, allows market forces to shape university-community partnerships, and privatizes the public through dispossession by accumulation.

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