scholarly journals Changes on the Modulation of the Startle Reflex in Alcohol-Dependent Patients after 12 Weeks of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽  
Gabriel Rubio Valladolid ◽  
Isabel Martínez-Gras ◽  
María José Alvarez-Alonso ◽  
Guillermo Ponce Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Alcohol Cues ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Aims: Little is known about changes in the modulation of the startle reflex when patients go through an alcohol-dependence treatment in an outpatient facility. In the current study, the affective modulation of the cue-related startle reflex has been used to evaluate changes in the emotional processing of alcohol-related stimuli that occurred after a standard cognitive-behavioral intervention, and to assess the outcome of this intervention. We hypothesized a ‘normalization' of the startle inhibition for the alcohol-related cues during the period of treatment. We also assumed that higher startle inhibition at baseline elicited by alcohol cues would predict the relapse on alcohol consumption during treatment. Participants: A total of 98 alcohol-dependent subjects were included who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. A control group of 72 subjects was selected to match demographic characteristics. Measurements: All patients received a standard cognitive-behavioral therapy once a week throughout the study period. Findings: Results show that the startle response differed significantly after 12 weeks of treatment for alcohol-related, neutral and aversive stimuli between alcohol-dependent patients and controls. Low startle responses at baseline to alcohol cues predicted relapse. Conclusions: These results may indicate that the startle reflex is referred to enduring and permanent processes of cue reactivity, and that the emotional processing of alcohol-associated cues assessed with the affect-modulated startle reflex is less altered by interventions attempting to influence explicit cognitions. Furthermore, lower values of the baseline startle reflex elicited by alcohol-associated stimuli were associated with higher probability of relapse on alcohol use.

Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Chinese International Students in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Qiuyuan Xie ◽  
Daniel Fu Keung Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
International Students ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Chinese International Students ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Continuous Increase

Objectives: This study aims to test the effectiveness of a culturally attuned cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in promoting mental health and quality of life (QOL) among Chinese international students in Hong Kong. Method: A waitlist control designed was adopted. Sixty-five Chinese international students in a university in Hong Kong were assigned to experimental groups and control groups. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 3-hr sessions. All the participants were assessed preintervention, postintervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Results: Participants in the experimental group showed a significant and continuous increase in mental health and overall QOL compared to those in the control group. Changes of dysfunctional attitudes mediated the effect of CBI on mental health and QOL. Conclusion: The current culturally attuned CBI may be useful in improving mental health and QOL among Chinese international students in Hong Kong.

School-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Program For Addressing Anxiety In 10- To 11-Year-Olds Using Short Classroom Activities: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Urao ◽  
Michiko Yoshida ◽  
Yasunori Sato ◽  
Eiji Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
School Based ◽  
Children’S Anxiety

Abstract Background: Several school-based cognitive behavioral intervention programs have been developed to prevent and improve children’s anxiety disorders. Most programs require a duration of more than 10 hours for completion. We developed a cognitive behavioral program called “Journey of the Brave.” The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the brief version of the program among 10- to 11-year-old children using 20-minute short classroom activities. Methods: A total of 90 children were divided into two groups (the intervention group, n=31 and the control group, n=59). The control group did not attend any program sessions and followed the regular school curriculum. We conducted fourteen weekly program sessions and assessed children at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up (6 months after the start). The primary outcome measure was children’s anxiety symptoms, measured using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS), and the secondary outcome measure was behavior problems, measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results: A statistically significant reduction in the SCAS score in the intervention group was found at 2-month follow up compared with the control group. Significant reduction was also observed in the SDQ score. Conclusions: Our study suggested that this “Journey of the Brave” program, which requires only 5 hours using short classroom activities, demonstrated a similar effectiveness as the previous programs, which required over 10 hours.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000009021, Registered 10 March 2012, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000010575

scholarly journals Description of an early cognitive behavioral intervention (UPFRONT-intervention) following mild traumatic brain injury to prevent persistent complaints and facilitate return to work

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe E Scheenen ◽  
Annemarie C Visser-Keizer ◽  
Joukje van der Naalt ◽  
Jacoba M Spikman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Chronic Complaints

Purpose: Many patients with mild traumatic brain injury do not fully return to work owing to persistent posttraumatic complaints. Research suggests that preventing chronic complaints might be prevented by giving cognitive behavioral therapy early after injury. Therefore, a new cognitive behavioral intervention (UPFRONT-intervention) was developed to not only prevent chronic complaints but to also establish a more successful return to work. The intervention is currently being evaluated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial design (trial number ISRCTN86191894) in mild traumatic brain injury patients who are at-risk of negative outcomes (patients with high numbers of early complaints). Two case examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the intervention. Rationale: Psychological factors, like cognitive appraisal and coping, play an important role in the persistence of posttraumatic complaints. Some patients are less able to adapt and thus to cope with the injury and its initial consequences than others. Dealing with the injury in a passive, avoidant way, focusing on negative feelings, will hamper recovery and is therefore a valuable target for an intervention. Theory into practice: The UPFRONT intervention is a short cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for patients that are at-risk of developing persistent posttraumatic complaints. Patients will undergo five sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy within 4–10 weeks after trauma. The intervention aims to enhance patients’ feeling of competency of dealing with the consequences of mild traumatic brain injury by providing psycho-education, identifying and challenging unrealistic illness perceptions and improving coping style (decreasing maladaptive coping and enhancing adaptive coping).

scholarly journals Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Improves Dementia Caregivers’ Quality of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Meichsner ◽  
Nils F. Töpfer ◽  
Maren Reder ◽  
Renate Soellner ◽  
Gabriele Wilz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Dementia Caregivers

The present study examined the effects of a telephone-based cognitive behavioral intervention on dementia caregivers’ quality of life (QoL). A total of 273 caregivers were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention comprised 12 telephone sessions of individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) over 6 months. At baseline, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up, QoL was assessed with the World Health Organization QoL-BREF, which measures perceived QoL for the domains physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment as well as overall QoL and satisfaction with general health. Intention-to-treat analyses using latent change models were performed. At postintervention, intervention group participants reported better overall QoL and satisfaction with general health as well as better physical and psychological health compared to control group participants. Together with existing evidence, the results suggest that the telephone CBT intervention does not only reduce impairments but also fosters improvements in health-related QoL.

Disulfiram, Naltrexone and Acamprosate in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H. Alho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Two Phases

Acamprosate, naltrexone and disulfiram have been shown to reduce drinking and/or improve abstinence. We performed a randomized, multicenter study in two phases; first, 12-week continuous supervised medication, followed by targeted medication up to 52 weeks in addition to a 67-week follow up period. 243 voluntary treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent adult outpatients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive supervised naltrexone, acamprosate or disulfiram, 50 mg, 1998 mg or 200 mg respectively per day and brief manual-based cognitive behavioral intervention. The primary outcome measures were the time to first heavy drinking day (HDD) and time during the first 3 months to the first drinking day after medication started. All three study groups showed marked reduction in drinking from baseline to the end of the study. During the continuous medication phase, treatment with disulfiram was more effective in reducing HDDs and average weekly alcohol consumption, and increasing time to the first drink as well as the number of abstinent days. During the targeted medication period, there were no significant differences between the groups in time to first HDD and days to first drinking, but the abstinence days were significantly more frequent in the DIS group than ACA and NTX. However, naltrexone was better than acamprosate in reducing the severity of alcohol dependence indicator SADD scores. We conclude that acamprosate, naltrexone and disulfiram combined with brief manual-based cognitive behavioral intervention significantly reduce alcohol consumption and improve the quality of life. Supervised disulfiram was superior, especially during the continuous medication period, to naltrexone and acamprosate.

Physical health following a cognitive–behavioral intervention.

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory McClellan Buchanan ◽  
Cara A. Rubenstein Gardenswartz ◽  
Martin E. P. Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention
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