Enhancement of Bone Healing by Local Administration of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Sodium Hyaluronate in Rat Tibiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Andrade ◽  
Marcos A. Sá ◽  
Renato M. Mendes ◽  
Paulo A. Martins-Júnior ◽  
Gerluza A.B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

It has been reported that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as nucleation sites for the deposition of bone matrix and cell proliferation. Here, we evaluated the effects of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on bone repair of rat tibiae. Furthermore, because sodium hyaluronate (HY) accelerates bone restoration, we associated CNTs with HY (HY-MWCNTs) in an attempt to boost bone repair. The bone defect was created by a 1.6-mm-diameter drill. After 7 and 14 days, tibiae were processed for histological and morphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone defects. Expression of osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and collagen I (Col I) was assessed by real-time PCR. Histomorphometric analysis showed a similar increase in the percentage of bone trabeculae in tibia bone defects treated with HY and HY-MWCNTs, and both groups presented more organized and thicker bone trabeculae than nontreated defects. Tibiae treated with MWCNTs or HY- MWCNTs showed a higher expression of VEGF. Treatment with MWCNTs or HY-MWCNTs increased the expression of molecules involved in the bone repair process, such as OCN and BMP-2. Also, HY- and MWCNT-treated tibiae had an increased expression of Col I. Thus, it is tempting to conclude that CNTs associated or not with other materials such as HY emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Local Application of Mineral-Coated Microparticles Loaded With VEGF and BMP-2 Induces the Healing of Murine Atrophic Non-Unions

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Orth ◽  
T. Fritz ◽  
J. Stutz ◽  
C. Scheuer ◽  
B. Ganse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Union Model ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Deficient angiogenesis and disturbed osteogenesis are key factors for the development of nonunions. Mineral-coated microparticles (MCM) represent a sophisticated carrier system for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of VEGF- and BMP-2-loaded MCM (MCM + VB) with a ratio of 1:2 improves bone repair in non-unions. For this purpose, we applied MCM + VB or unloaded MCM in a murine non-union model and studied the process of bone healing by means of radiological, biomechanical, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques after 14 and 70 days. MCM-free non-unions served as controls. Bone defects treated with MCM + VB exhibited osseous bridging, an improved biomechanical stiffness, an increased bone volume within the callus including ongoing mineralization, increased vascularization, and a histologically larger total periosteal callus area consisting predominantly of osseous tissue when compared to defects of the other groups. Western blot analyses on day 14 revealed a higher expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vice versa reduced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in bone defects treated with MCM + VB. On day 70, these defects exhibited an increased expression of erythropoietin (EPO), EPO-receptor and BMP-4. These findings indicate that the use of MCM for spatiotemporal controlled delivery of VEGF and BMP-2 shows great potential to improve bone healing in atrophic non-unions by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis as well as reducing early osteoclast activity.

Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Based on Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Its Application in Bone Defect Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338
Author(s):  
Shibai Zhu ◽  
Xiaotian Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yiou Wang ◽  
Shanni Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
Recombinant Human Bone

The best way in which to prepare scaffolds with good biological properties is an urgent problem in the field of tissue engineering. In this paper we discuss the preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and its application in bone defect repair. rhBMP-2 reagent was dissolved in 1 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and the rhBMP-2 solution was added to the nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone with a 100 μL glass micro dropper at the rate of 10 drops/min to obtain Nano-HA/rhBMP-2 composite artificial bone. In in vivo experiments, rabbits were fixed on an operating table, a 2 cm longitudinal incision was made in the middle part of the radial forearm, and the radius was cut with a wire saw and periosteum, 2.5 cm away from the distal radius. After washing the wound with normal saline, Adv-hBMP-2/MC3T3-E1 nano-HA composite artificial bone, MC3T3-E1 nan-HA composite artificial bone, or Nano-HA artificial bone were implanted in different groups. The artificial bone scaffold prepared in this study has a stronger ability to repair bone defects than the alternatives, and is a promising prospect for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

scholarly journals The action of demineralized bovine bone matrix on bone neoformation in rats submitted to experimental alcoholism

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Buchaim ◽  
J.C. Andreo ◽  
A. C. Rodrigues ◽  
D.V. Buchaim ◽  
D.V. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether demineralized bovine bone (Gen-ox®) alters bone neoformation in rats submitted to alcoholism. Forty male rats were separated into two groups of 20 rats and distributed as follows: Group E1, which received 25% ethanol and a surgical cavity filled only by a blood clot, and Group E2, which received 25% ethanol and a surgical cavity filled with Gen-ox®. The animals were euthanized at 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after surgery and necropsy was performed. The histomorphological and histometric analyses of the area of connective tissue and bone neoformation showed that the reorganization of the bone marrow and full repair of the surgical cavity in Group E1 occurred more quickly than in Group E2. It was also noted that in the final period the animals in Group E2 showed areas of connective tissue and thick bone trabeculae around the particles of the implant. It can be concluded that the use of Gen-ox® delayed the process of bone repair in alcoholic rats, although it can be used as filling material because it shows osteoconductive activity, as evidenced by bone tissue formation around the graft particles.

scholarly journals Oxidized alginate hydrogels for bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery in long bone defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4390-4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Priddy ◽  
Ovijit Chaudhuri ◽  
Hazel Y. Stevens ◽  
Laxminarayanan Krishnan ◽  
Brent A. Uhrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Alginate Hydrogels

A Histological Study on Experimental Tooth Movement into Bone Induced by Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Beagle Dogs

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kawamoto ◽  
Nobuyoshi Motohashi ◽  
Atsushi Kitamura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Baba ◽  
Koichiro Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Recombinant Human Bone ◽  
Experimental Tooth Movement

Objective The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine experimental tooth movement into newly generated bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Method After extraction of the maxillary first premolars, bone defects were surgically created in eight adult beagle dogs using a 5-mm-diameter trepan bar. According to which material was grafted into the bone defects, animals were divided into the following four groups: (1) the rhBMP-2 group in which rhBMP-2 with a poly [D,L-(lactide-co-glycolide)]/gelatin sponge complex was implanted; (2) the spongiosa group in which spongiosa from the tibia was grafted; (3) the nongrafted group in which no material was embedded; and (4) the control group in which only tooth extraction was performed. The osteoinductive activity of rhBMP-2 and tooth movement into the newly generated bone were examined by histological and morphometric comparisons of each group. Results Considerable new bone formation was observed at the grafted site both in the rhBMP-2 and in the spongiosa groups. The area of generated bone in the rhBMP-2 group was significantly greater than that in the spongiosa group. Newly generated bone, in both the rhBMP-2 and spongisosa groups, showed a similar histological response to orthodontic force as in normal alveolar bone in the control group. However, root resorption occurred on the pressure side in the rhBMP-2 group. Conclusion These results indicated that rhBMP-2 might constitute an alternative material to autogeneous bone grafting for alveolar cleft defects. Further studies regarding tooth movement into generated bone induced by rhBMP-2 are suggested.

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