scholarly journals Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 11: Drugs and Performance-Enhancing Substances

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Mark Estes ◽  
Richard J. Kovacs ◽  
Aaron L. Baggish ◽  
Robert J. Myerburg
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

scholarly journals Task Force 9: Drugs and performance-enhancing substances

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1368-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Mark Estes ◽  
Robert Kloner ◽  
Brian Olshansky ◽  
Renu Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

scholarly journals Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (21) ◽  
pp. 2372-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Van Hare ◽  
Michael J. Ackerman ◽  
Juli-anne K. Evangelista ◽  
Richard J. Kovacs ◽  
Robert J. Myerburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Competitive Athletes

Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McDuff ◽  
Todd Stull ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 4: Congenital Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Van Hare ◽  
Michael J. Ackerman ◽  
Juli-anne K. Evangelista ◽  
Richard J. Kovacs ◽  
Robert J. Myerburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Competitive Athletes
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