Autonomous Pattern Formation of Micro-organic Cell Density with Optical Interlink between Two Isolated Culture Dishes

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Ozasa ◽  
Jeesoo Lee ◽  
Simon Song ◽  
Masahiko Hara ◽  
Mizuo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Analogue Experiment ◽  
Feedback Algorithm ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Digital Or

Artificial linking of two isolated culture dishes is a fascinating means of investigating interactions among multiple groups of microbes or fungi. We examined artificial interaction between two isolated dishes containing Euglena cells, which are photophobic to strong blue light. The spatial distribution of swimming Euglena cells in two micro-aquariums in the dishes was evaluated as a set of new measures: the trace momentums (TMs). The blue light patterns next irradiated onto each dish were deduced from the set of TMs using digital or analogue feedback algorithms. In the digital feedback experiment, one of two different pattern-formation rules was imposed on each feedback system. The resultant cell distribution patterns satisfied the two rules with an and operation, showing that cooperative interaction was realized in the interlink feedback. In the analogue experiment, two dishes A and B were interlinked by a feedback algorithm that illuminated dish A (B) with blue light of intensity proportional to the cell distribution in dish B (A). In this case, a distribution pattern and its reverse were autonomously formed in the two dishes. The autonomous formation of a pair of reversal patterns reflects a type of habitat separation realized by competitive interaction through the interlink feedback. According to this study, interlink feedback between two or more separate culture dishes enables artificial interactions between isolated microbial groups, and autonomous cellular distribution patterns will be achieved by correlating various microbial species, despite environmental and spatial scale incompatibilities. The optical interlink feedback is also useful for enhancing the performance of Euglena-based soft biocomputing.

scholarly journals Fluorescence distribution pattern allows to distinguish two species of Eugymnanthea (Leptomedusae: Eirenidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kubota ◽  
Patrizia Pagliara ◽  
Cinzia Gravili
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Fluorescent Microscope ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Auto Fluorescence

The auto-fluorescence patterns of the medusae observed under a fluorescent microscope with blue light excitation allows to distinguish two species of Eugymnanthea, this even when they are still attached to the hydroid as small medusa buds despite the occurrence of a sex-dependant pattern in E. japonica. A total of four distribution patterns of green fluorescence, including non-fluorescence, could be found. Three of them are found in E. japonica, called ‘subumbrellar fluorescence type’ except for non-fluorescence, while another type is found in E. inquilina, called ‘umbrellar margin fluorescence type’. During the short life of the medusa the latter type remained invariable for up to six days in E. inquilina, while the pattern observed for up to seven days in E. japonica changed sometimes, but it always remained distinguishable from the pattern found in E. inquilina. Therefore, the fluorescence pattern is a reliable taxonomic character. Fluorescence was not found in unfertilized eggs, planulae 2–8 days old, parthenogenetically produced larvae, or in the hydroids of the two species. The auto-fluorescent and possible bioluminescent tissues of these Eugymnanthea medusae could have some unknown biological significance.

scholarly journals Directionally Correlated Movement Can Drive Qualitative Changes in Emergent Population Distribution Patterns

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Spatial Pattern Formation ◽  
Qualitative Changes

A fundamental goal of ecology is to understand the spatial distribution of species. For moving animals, their location is crucially dependent on the movement mechanisms they employ to navigate the landscape. Animals across many taxa are known to exhibit directional correlation in their movement. This work explores the effect of such directional correlation on spatial pattern formation in a model of between-population taxis (i.e., movement of each population in response to the presence of the others). A telegrapher-taxis formalism is used, which generalises a previously studied diffusion-taxis system by incorporating a parameter T, measuring the characteristic time for directional persistence. The results give general criteria for determining when changes in T will drive qualitative changes in the predictions of linear pattern formation analysis for N ≥ 2 populations. As a specific example, the N = 2 case is explored in detail, showing that directional correlation can cause one population to ‘chase’ the other across the landscape while maintaining a non-constant spatial distribution. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of accounting for directional correlation in movement for understanding both quantitative and qualitative aspects of species distributions.

scholarly journals Calcium Positively Mediates Blue Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Hypocotyl of Soybean Sprouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Xiaomeng Yue ◽  
Jinxue Song ◽  
Guipei Xing ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Sprouts ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Soybean sprouts are a flavorful microgreen that can be eaten all year round and are widely favored in Southeast Asia. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of calcium on anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean sprouts under blue light was investigated. The results showed that blue light, with a short wavelength, effectively induced anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of soybean sprout cultivar “Dongnong 690.” Calcium supplementation further enhanced anthocyanin content, which was obviously inhibited by LaCl3 and neomycin treatment. Moreover, exogenous calcium changed the metabolism of anthocyanins, and seven anthocyanin compounds were detected. The trend of calcium fluorescence intensity in hypocotyl cells, as well as that of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and calmodulin content, was consistent with that of anthocyanins content. Specific spatial distribution patterns of calcium antimonate precipitation were observed in the ultrastructure of hypocotyl cells under different conditions. Furthermore, calcium application upregulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and calcium inhibitors suppressed these genes. Finally, transcriptomics was performed to gain global insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of calcium-associated anthocyanin production. Genes from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were distinctly enriched among the differentially expressed genes, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that two MYBs were related to the accumulation of anthocyanins. These results indicated that calcium released from apoplast and intracellular stores in specific spatial-temporal features promote blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation by upregulation of the expression of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis of “Dongnong 690” hypocotyl. The findings deepen the understanding of the calcium regulation mechanism of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in soybean sprouts, which will help growers produce high-quality foods beneficial for human health.

scholarly journals Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Guo Dong Bai ◽  
Hong Bo Jing ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Lianlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback System ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Ambient Environment ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Illuminating Light ◽  
Feedback Algorithm ◽  
Online Feedback ◽  
Radiation Beams

Abstract Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.

Relationship of Premaxillary Bone and Its Sutures to Deciduous Dentition in Nonhuman Primates

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Carmody ◽  
M. P. Mooney ◽  
G. M. Cooper ◽  
C. J. Bonar ◽  
M. I. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The relationship of the human premaxillary bone (Pmx) to neighboring craniofacial structures is clouded by its embryonic union with the maxillary bone proper. Only humans among all primates have such early fusion of the premaxillomaxillary suture (PS). This study surveyed the relationship of the PS to the upper deciduous dentition in nonhuman primates, and describes the distribution of bone cells along the osseous margins of the Pmx. Method: Twenty-eight subadult primates were studied using gross, CT, and histologic observations. Location of the anterior deciduous dentition relative to the PS was assessed. In sections of selected specimens, observations of bone cells on the osseous boundaries of the Pmx were made. Osteopontin (OPN) immunohistochemistry was used to isolate osteoclastic binding sites along the Pmx boundaries. Results: The PS was consistently found between deciduous incisor and canine in strepsirrhines of all ages, whereas the suture passed variably closer to the incisor or canine in haplorhines. In all species, the anterior part of the Pmx was nonarticulating and mostly osteoblastic, except for osteoclastic margins adjacent to dentition and the nasal fossa. Superolaterally, the osteogenic fronts of the PS were osteoblastic, while more inferiorly, at the level of the deciduous canine, the PS was often osteoclastic. Results from OPN immunohistochemistry support the findings on bone cell distribution. Conclusion: Bone cell distribution patterns in perinatal nonhuman primates resemble those described for the prenatal human Pmx, suggesting that differences among species relate to magnitude rather than the pattern of osteogenesis.

Control of pattern formation in a single feedback system by photonic bandgap structures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marsal ◽  
G. Montemezzani ◽  
M. Sciamanna ◽  
D. Wolfersberger ◽  
D. N. Neshev
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Photonic Bandgap ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Photonic Bandgap Structures

Transverse pattern formation in liquid crystal light valve feedback system

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Thüring ◽  
R. Neubecker ◽  
T. Tschudi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Light Valve ◽  
Transverse Pattern

TURING PATTERN FORMATION IN A TWO-SPECIES NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM WITH CROSS-DIFFUSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1350162 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIYAN YANG ◽  
ZHANJIANG YUAN ◽  
TIANSHOU ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Mutual Diffusion ◽  
Turing Pattern ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽  
Cross Diffusion

Pattern formation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the natural world. Previous studies showed that for an activator–inhibitor system without cross-diffusion, spatial patterns can be formed only when the diffusion of the inhibitor is significantly faster than that of the activator. However, cross-diffusion exists extensively in real systems, especially in biological systems. Here, we study a prototypic two-species negative feedback system with cross-diffusion. By performing stability analysis of equilibrium state, we find sufficient conditions for Turing instability. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrate that mutual diffusions of the two species can lead to the Turing pattern formation regardless of differences in self-diffusion coefficients. However, in the absence of the mutual diffusion or even if there is the cross-diffusion of only one species, the system cannot exhibit Turing patterns. Our results reveal the mechanism of Turing pattern formation in a class of reaction–diffusion systems, where mutual diffusion between species plays a key role.

scholarly journals Experimental spatial rogue patterns in an optical feedback system

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2727-2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Odent ◽  
M. Taki ◽  
E. Louvergneaux
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Optical Feedback ◽  
Modulational Instability ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Kerr Medium ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

Abstract. We study pattern formation in an optical system composed of a Kerr medium subjected to optical feedback but in a regime very far from the modulational instability threshold. In this highly nonlinear regime, the dynamics is turbulent and the associated one-dimensional patterns depict rare and intense localized optical peaks. We analyse numerically and experimentally the statistics and features of these intense optical peaks and show that their probability density functions (PDF) have a long tail indicating the occurrence of rogue events.

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