The Relationship between China's Export-led Growth and Its Double Transition of Demographic Change and Industrialization

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Double Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

China's export-led growth is rooted in China's double transition of demographic transition and structural change from industrialization. Accession to the WTO has allowed China to fully integrate into the world system and capture the gains of its comparative advantage in abundant labor supply. Structural change has a dampening effect on the Balassa–Samuelson effect so as to sustain China's competiveness in the world market. The double transition will take 10 to 15 years to finish; in this time period, China will likely continue its fast export-led growth. Along the way, export-led growth has also created serious structural imbalances highlighted by underutilized savings, slow growth of residential income and domestic consumption, and a heavy reliance on investment. This linkage requires new thinking when global imbalances are to be tackled.

DAYA SAING EKSPOR KARET ALAM TIGA NEGARA ITRC (INDONESIA, THAILAND, MALAYSIA) DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL PERIODE 1994-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Shinta Dwi Ardanari ◽  
Rynalto Mukiwihando
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
International Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Export Share ◽  
Intense Competition ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTShare of Indonesia's export value of natural rubber in the international market is almost always below Thailand, which is one of the competiting countries. The others countries began to become a threat to Indonesia because their exports share of natural rubber showed an increasing. This indicates that there is intense competition in the international market. As a country with the largest plantation area in the world, Indonesia should be superior. But this can be an opportunity to be able to compete in the world market so it is important to be managed more deeply so that it can create competitive advantages that can increase competitiveness. This study aims to determine the position of the competitiveness of natural rubber exports for the three countries of ITRC in the international market. The analytical method used is dynamic RCA. The results showed that all products of natural rubber coded HS 400110, 400121, 400122, 400129 and 400130 were experiencing a decline in growth in the export share of the three countries of ITRC : Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, but the market demand conditions for these products were declining in that time period.

scholarly journals The competitiveness of the national economy: energy-related aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Eleonora Matuygina ◽  
Tatiana Rumyantseva ◽  
Anastasiya Klabukova
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
World Market ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
National Production ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Structure

The aim of the paper is to assess the competitiveness of national production in terms of its resources and energy supply. The authors present the dynamics of energy intensity of some countries and regions of the world and consider the relationship between the level of energy intensity and the competitiveness of national economies. Based on this relationship, countries are grouped depending on the type of the performance indicators of economies. Alternative energy is presented as a tool for improving efficiency of existing industries and for ensuring countries’ position in the world market. The increase in the share of renewable energy in total consumption served as a basis for studying experience of various countries in regulating the development of alternative energy followed by a grouping of methods. The paper analyses both methods associated with the positioning of alternative energy and its incorporation into the existing structure and methods aimed at stimulating the development of alternative energy.

scholarly journals The boom and crisis of the Convertibility Plan in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBASTÍAN PEDRO SALVIA
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Currency Board ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
The World ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyses the relationship between state policies and economy in Argentina 1991-2001. In 1991 the currency board regime named 'convertibility' was implemented, within the framework of important neoliberal reforms introduced by the State. These neoliberal reforms facilitated capitalist restructuring, characterized by a leap in productivity, investment and profits. Likewise, these reforms generated imbalances which, along with the changes in the world market conditions from 1998, led to the deepest crisis in Argentina's history. The inefficiency of state neoliberal policies in managing the crisis, based on fiscal adjustment to guarantee the continuity of external financing, led to an economic depression and a financial crash, sparking a mass rebellion and the end of convertibility.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Zakat: A Comparison between the Rate of Niṣāb and the Rate of Poverty Line Income in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Muhammad Pisol Mat Isa ◽  
Azhan Rashid Senawi ◽  
Azhar Harun
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Market ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Market Impacts ◽  
The World ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Relationship

Zakat plays a significant role in Muslim community as an agent in alleviating the poverty. The calculation of zakat payment depends of the calculation of nisab, which is the least amount of zakatable items of a Muslim wealth in one circle year. The zakat is an obligatory duty to a Muslim once the amount of wealth reaches the least level of nisab. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the niṣāb amount changes and the poor indication in Malaysia. This is based on the discussion of the contemporary scholars, who claimed that the price fluctuation in the world market impacts the amount of niṣāb of zakāt. Relatively, it could affect the poor once the price dropped. Therefore, the comparative analyses of the annually niṣāb and poverty line income data from 1993 to 2015 identifies that there is a significant correlation between the facts. Accordingly, it is an alert to the zakāt institution to take a precautionary step in preventing this situation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Transition on Savings, Investment, and Capital Flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (03) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Misnilawaty Sidabutar
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Second Demographic Transition ◽  
Current Account Surplus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The world population, as well as Indonesia, is aging and this demographic transition influences saving, investment, and capital flows. By looking at data from 1973 to 2017, this paper finds two things. First, the relationship between age groups and saving exhibits the inverted U-shape, but only old dependency impact negatively on investment based on 104 countries’ data. The capital flows represented by current account is deficit in the young dependency, but surplus in the old dependency. Second, demographic transition in Indonesia induced an increase in savings by a higher rate than investment and caused current account surplus in this period.

Mutuality, responsibility, and reciprocity in situations of marked inequality

Focaal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (63) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
American Anthropological Association ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Conference Attendance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Paradoxes shape the relationship of the US anthropological community to its counterparts elsewhere and require new thinking about leadership that focuses on mutuality, responsibility, reciprocity, and pragmatism. Explored here are some key contradictions I see in ways of looking at the current, past, or plausible role of the US anthropological community and, in particular, the American Anthropological Association and its nearly forty Sections. Marked inequality exists among national and international anthropological organizations in size, finances, journal production, and conference attendance and often in perceived degree of importance, control, vibrancy, or agenda-setting. Yet this intervention argues for ways to mitigate that marked inequality, nonetheless, by refusing a binary us-them conceptualization and emphasizing creative pragmatism, mutuality, and responsibility. Unconventionally it even asks whether US anthropology should lead more in the world of anthropology than it currently does or lead less, and why both are worth exploring.

Steel industry of China in 2020 and the world crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
N. G. Zinov’eva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Market State ◽  
Negative Effect

The crisis of the world economic system, erupted in the end of 2019 against the background of COVID-19 expansion resulted in considerable drop of the world steel products production practically in all the countries of the world. Decrease of steel production began in the IIH of 2019, mainly in July-August of 2019 and further in March-April of 2020. In the IQ of 2020, the world steel production declined by 1.4% down to 443 million tons comparing with the analogue period of 2019. At that China demonstrated growth by 1.2%, while in the EC counties the decrease accounted for 10%, in North America counties – by 4%, in South America countries – 7.1%, other countries of Asia, Africa and CIS also demonstrated the decrease. The dynamics of prices variation on some steel products, iron ore presented, which give the idea of the market state and tendencies of its variation in 2019–2020. In China in April of 2020 after cancellation of quarantine measures, a restoration of the industry began, the economy of China transferred from decline to growth and an active growth of domestic consumption of steel products got a significant effect not only on the volume of its production, but also made corrections in China’s behavior at the world market. As a result of year 2020, steel production in China exceeded one billion tons – 1054.4 million tons, which is 5.2% more comparing with 2019. Production of finished products increased also, import of iron ore into China in 2020 accounted for 1172 billion tons, which is 9.5% more comparing with 2019. As a result of 2020, the steel companies of China exported 53.7 million tons of steel, which is 16.5% lower than the 2019 index. Further the Chinese export will be contributed by an increase of demand at the world market and cancellation of restriction measures, imposed by some countries. While at all the regions of the world the crisis resulted in termination of some projects or their delays, in China against the background of the pandemic, several companies did nor cancel their investment plans as well as construction and commissioning of new plants was going on. Under conditions of the crisis the support of the state was very important, since the demand declined in all the industries, therefore many countries took urgent measures for stabilization of economies and support of population. Within the period of the pandemic, the China government bodies elaborated some measures to overcome its negative effect on the economy. In particular, the measures include allocation of money to stimulate the domestic consumption of steel products. In total in 2020 it was planned to invest about 800 billion of yuan (about USD 115 billion) in capital assets. According to forecasts, in 2021 comparing with 2020, the production and apparent consumption of steel in China will increase approximately by 2%, actual demand will increase by higher rate. The steel products with high added value will be in higher demand, including flat rolled products, rolled products of special steels, seamless pipes etc.

Explaining Abolition: Contradiction, Adaptation, and Challenge in Cuban Slave Society, 1860–1886

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
World Market ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Slave Emancipation ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In the middle decades of the nineteenth century, as slavery was disappearing elsewhere in the New World, slave-based plantation production of sugar in Cuba reached remarkable heights of technological sophistication and output. In 1868 Cuba produced 720,250 metric tons of sugar, more than 40 percent of the cane sugar reaching the world market in that year. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. Yet just as production reached these levels, the abolition of slavery in Cuba was initiated, beginning a process of slave emancipation that was to last nearly twenty years. This concurrence of events raises the question, What was the relationship between slavery and the development of sugar production, and why did emancipation in Cuba take place when and as it did?

scholarly journals Price flexibility of world market for cocoa beans

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Syrovátka
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Dynamic Price ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Price Flexibility ◽  
Current Price ◽  
Log Linear

The article is focused on the quantitative analysis of the price flexibility of the world market for the cocoa beans. The ICCO databases from 1960/1961 to 2005/2006 crop years were used for this analysis. In the investigated time period, the analysis of the price flexibility was based on the autoregressive form of the price model with the log-linear construction: lnpt = 2.6824 − 0.4041 × lnstgt + 0.8301 × lnpt−1 + ut. The values of the parameters of the autoregressive price model were estimated using OLS. The developed model was statistically significant in all evaluated respects (F-test, T-tests and Durbin’s h-test). Within the analysis of the world market for the cocoa beans, the current, dynamic, long-term and long-equilibrium coefficients of price flexibility were evaluated. According to applied log-linear construction of the autoregressive price model, the level of the current price flexibility of the world market for the cocoa beans was −0.4041, the dynamic price flexibility of the first order achieved the value of −0.3354 and the long-equilibrium price flexibility of the world market for the cocoa beans takes the value of −2.3784.

scholarly journals Imperialismo y capitalismo: repensando una relación íntima

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-45
Author(s):  
Henry Veltmeyer ◽  
◽  
James Petras ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
South American ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on imperialism suffers from a fundamental confusion surrounding the relationship between capitalism and imperialism. The aim of this work is to bring clarification. In the first part, we state our position regarding the capitalism-imperialism relationship; in the second, we discuss some important points in the marxist debate on imperialism; and in the third, we review the various paths imperialism has taken in Latin America under capitalist development. The central point of this work is the way that it places imperialism at the conjuncture of capitalist development, particularly extractive capitalism. This conjuncture is characterized by the decline of neoliberalism as an economic model; a growing demand for energy, minerals and other «natural» resources in the world market; and the political economy of the development of natural resources (large-scale investment to acquire lands and the natural resources they contain, the export of primary products). The key dynamic of what we call «imperialist extractivism» is analyzed in the South American context, which represents the most advanced, but regressive, form that capitalism has taken, so far, in the new milennium. Our analysis of this dynamic is summaried in 12 theses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document