Electrophysiological Correlates of Similarity-based Interference during Detection of Visual Forms

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Conci ◽  
Klaus Gramann ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
Mark A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Kanizsa Figure ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Form Information

Illusory figure completion demonstrates the ability of the visual system to integrate information across gaps. Mechanisms that underlie figural emergence support the interpolation of contours and the filling-in of form information [Grossberg, S., & Mingolla, E. Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures and neon colour spreading. Psychological Review, 92, 173–211, 1985]. Although both processes contribute to figure formation, visual search for an illusory target configuration has been shown to be susceptible to interfering form, but not contour, information [Conci, M., Müller, H. J., & Elliott, M. A. The contrasting impact of global and local object attributes on Kanizsa figure detection. Submitted]. Here, the physiological basis of form interference was investigated by recording event-related potentials elicited from contour- and surface-based distracter interactions with detection of a target Kanizsa figure. The results replicated the finding of form interference and revealed selection of the target and successful suppression of the irrelevant distracter to be reflected by amplitude differences in the N2pc component (240–340 msec). In conclusion, the observed component variations reflect processes of target selection on the basis of integrated form information resulting from figural completion processes.

Spatial Representations as an Emergent Feature of Perceptual Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Wascher ◽  
C. Beste
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Perceptual Maps ◽  
Emergent Feature ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Selection Of

Spatial selection of relevant information has been proposed to reflect an emergent feature of stimulus processing within an integrated network of perceptual areas. Stimulus-based and intention-based sources of information might converge in a common stage when spatial maps are generated. This approach appears to be inconsistent with the assumption of distinct mechanisms for stimulus-driven and top-down controlled attention. In two experiments, the common ground of stimulus-driven and intention-based attention was tested by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the human EEG. In both experiments, the processing of a single transient was compared to the selection of a physically comparable stimulus among distractors. While single transients evoked a spatially sensitive N1, the extraction of relevant information out of a more complex display was reflected in an N2pc. The high similarity of the spatial portion of these two components (Experiment 1), and the replication of this finding for the vertical axis (Experiment 2) indicate that these two ERP components might both reflect the spatial representation of relevant information as derived from the organization of perceptual maps, just at different points in time.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Shashikanta Tarai
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Stroop Tasks

This chapter discusses neurocognitive mechanisms in terms of latency and amplitudes of EEG signals in depression that are presented in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs). Reviewing the available literature on depression, this chapter classifies early P100, ERN, N100, N170, P200, N200, and late P300 ERP components in frontal, mid-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Using auditory oddball paradigm, most of the studies testing depressive patients have found robust P300 amplitude reduction. Proposing EEG methods and summarizing behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological findings, this chapter discusses how the different tasks, paradigms, and stimuli contribute to the cohesiveness of neural signatures and psychobiological markers for identifying the patients with depression. Existing research gaps are directed to conduct ERP studies following go/no-go, flanker interference, and Stroop tasks on global and local attentional stimuli associated with happy and sad emotions to examine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in depression.

Event-Related Potentials, Reaction Time, and Response Selection of Skilled and Less-Skilled Cricket Batsmen

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5620 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharhidd Taliep ◽  
A St Clair Gibson ◽  
J Gray ◽  
L van der Merwe ◽  
C L Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Selection Of

Effects of Feature-selective and Spatial Attention at Different Stages of Visual Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren K. Andersen ◽  
Sandra Fuchs ◽  
Matthias M. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Selection Of

We investigated mechanisms of concurrent attentional selection of location and color using electrophysiological measures in human subjects. Two completely overlapping random dot kinematograms (RDKs) of two different colors were presented on either side of a central fixation cross. On each trial, participants attended one of these four RDKs, defined by its specific combination of color and location, in order to detect coherent motion targets. Sustained attentional selection while monitoring for targets was measured by means of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) elicited by the frequency-tagged RDKs. Attentional selection of transient targets and distractors was assessed by behavioral responses and by recording event-related potentials to these stimuli. Spatial attention and attention to color had independent and largely additive effects on the amplitudes of SSVEPs elicited in early visual areas. In contrast, behavioral false alarms and feature-selective modulation of P3 amplitudes to targets and distractors were limited to the attended location. These results suggest that feature-selective attention produces an early, global facilitation of stimuli having the attended feature throughout the visual field, whereas the discrimination of target events takes place at a later stage of processing that is only applied to stimuli at the attended position.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological correlates of collective perceptual decision-making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina G. Baumgart ◽  
Petr Byvshev ◽  
Alexa-Nicole Sliby ◽  
Andreas Strube ◽  
Peter König ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Collective Benefit

AbstractHumans frequently coordinate with others in daily life. A recent study on perceptual decision-making showed that dyad members with similar individual performances attain a higher joint performance than the better dyad member (i.e., a collective benefit). However, little is known about the physiological basis of these results. Here, we replicate this earlier work and also investigate the neurophysiological correlates of decision-making using EEG.In a two interval forced choice task, co-actors individually indicated presence of a target stimulus with a higher contrast and then indicated their confidence on a rating scale. Viewing the individual ratings, dyads made a joint decision. Replicating earlier work, we found a positive correlation between the similarity of individual performances and collective benefit.We analyzed event related potentials (ERPs) in three phases (i.e., stimulus onset, response, and feedback) using explorative cluster mass permutation tests. At stimulus onset, ERPs were significantly linearly related to our manipulation of contrast differences, validating our manipulation of task difficulty. For individual and joint responses, we found a significant centro-parietal error-related positivity for correct versus incorrect responses, which suggests that accuracy is already evaluated at the response level. At feedback presentation, we found a significant late positive fronto-central potential elicited by incorrect joint responses, suggesting a stronger emotional response to negative as compared to positive feedback. In sum, these results demonstrate that response- and feedback-related components elicited by an error-monitoring system differentially integrate conflicting information exchanged during the joint decision-making process.

scholarly journals Difference in Somatosensory Event-Related Potentials in the Blind Subjects Leads to Better Performance in Tactile P300 BCI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Grigoryan ◽  
Dariya Goranskaya ◽  
Andrey Demchinsky ◽  
Ksenia Ryabova ◽  
Denis Kuleshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Braille Display ◽  
Cognitive Event

Abstract In this study, we created 8-command P300 tactile brain-computer interface, running on minimally modified consumer Braille display, and tested it on 10 blind subjects and 10 sighted controls with two stimuli types, differing in size. Larger stimuli provide better BCI performance both in blind and sighted participants than smaller stimuli. With large stimuli, median target selection accuracy in the blind group was 95%, which is 27% more than sighted controls (p < 0.05), suggesting that blind subjects are not only able to use tactile brain-computer interface but also can achieve superior results in comparison with sighted subjects. The difference in event-related potentials between groups is located in frontocentral sites around 300 ms post-stimulus and corresponds with early cognitive event-related potential components. Blind subjects have higher amplitude and shorter latency of ERPs. This effect was consistent across stimuli types. This is the first study to evaluate differences in event-related potentials between blind and sighted subjects in a BCI-specific task.

scholarly journals Prefrontal control of visual distraction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Cosman ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

SummaryAvoiding distraction by salient irrelevant stimuli is critical to accomplishing daily tasks. Regions of prefrontal cortex control attention by enhancing the representation of task-relevant information in sensory cortex, which can be measured directly in modulation of both single neurons and averaging of the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram [1,2]. However, when irrelevant information is particularly conspicuous, it may distract attention and interfere with the selection of behaviorally relevant information. Many studies have shown that that distraction can be minimized via top-down control [3–5], but the cognitive and neural mechanisms giving rise to this control over distraction remain uncertain and vigorously debated [6–8]. Bridging neurophysiology to electrophysiology, we simultaneously recorded neurons in prefrontal cortex and event-related potentials (ERPs) over extrastriate visual cortex to track the processing of salient distractors during a visual search task. Critically, we observed robust suppression of salient distractor representations in both cortical areas, with suppression arising in prefrontal cortex before being manifest in the ERP signal over extrastriate cortex. Furthermore, only prefrontal neurons that participated in selecting the task-relevant target also showed suppression of the task-irrelevant distractor. This suggests a common prefrontal mechanism for target selection and distractor suppression, with input from prefrontal cortex being responsible for both selecting task-relevant and suppressing task-irrelevant information in sensory cortex. Taken together, our results resolve a long-standing debate over the mechanisms that prevent distraction, and provide the first evidence directly linking suppressed neural firing in prefrontal cortex with surface ERP measures of distractor suppression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document