Soil nematode community changes associated with compost amendments

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
Trifone D'Addabbo ◽  
Ingrid Papajová
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Five composts (C1: fresh olive pomace, straw, chicken manure, urea; C2: fresh olive pomace, lettuce residues, cow manure, straw, sawdust; C3: sewage sludge, municipal green residues; C4: grass, leaves, tree branches, soil; C5: by-product from penicillin production (mycelium), straw and sawdust) were tested in a pot experiment to investigate their short-term effect on the nematode community of a grassland soil. Composts were mixed with soil at the rates of 10, 25, 50 and 100 g (kg soil)–1 and barley was sown in each potting mixture after a 2-month decomposition period. Nematodes were extracted from each pot 5 months after barley sowing, identified at genus level and grouped into bacterial, fungal and root fungal feeders, predators, omnivores and plant parasites. Bacterial feeders, predators and omnivores were favoured by amendments with composted penicillin substrate and partly by compost from olive pomace, whereas composts from green wastes and sewage sludge suppressed these trophic groups except for predators. All compost treatments suppressed fungal feeders as well as significantly reducing the density of plant-parasitic nematodes compared with non-amended soil. The highest suppressiveness on plant-parasitic nematodes was found for the composts from urban green residues, penicillin substrate and olive pomace plus cow manure. Suppressive effect was hypothesised to be related to ammoniacal nitrogen content of the composts. Composts from fungal mycelium or olive pomace seem to be the most suitable for application in nematode management strategies due to their low impact on beneficial trophic groups.

scholarly journals Controlling plant-parasitic nematodes in sandy soil in the Senegal River Valley using composts based on potentially nematicidal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 14892-14901
Author(s):  
Sidy Diakhate ◽  
Florence Khady Ngom ◽  
Saïdou Nourou Sall
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Objective: This study in the Senegal River Basin evaluated the effect of three types of compost, made from manure combined with straw, Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) or Crotalaria juncea (Indian Hemp) , on plant-parasitic as well as free-living nematodes and on the growth of tomato plants. Methodology and results: This study was performed in a greenhouse where a Mongal tomato was grown during 3 months in a soil that had been abandoned due to infestation by nematodes. The treatments were composts of straw, Calotropis procera Crotalaria juncea and control without compost. The soils amended with compost had significantly higher nematode abundances than the unamended. The compost with Crotalaria juncea gave the highest abundance. The soils with compost also had a much lower proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes than the control soil and much higher proportion of bacterivorous nematodes. The height of the plants was positively correlated with the proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and negatively correlated with the proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes. Conclusions and application of the results: The influence on the soil nematode community of compost materials is associated more with their phenol content than the total organic carbon. The Calotropis procera and Crotalaria juncea encourage the growth of the bacterivorous nematode community, which plays an important role in maintaining soil fertility, and the growth of omnivorous and predatory nematodes while limiting the growth of the plant-parasitic nematode community. The results suggested that the compost with Crotalaria juncea seems to be worthwhile pursuing as it maintained the equilibrium between nematode feeding guilds while suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. Keywords: Compost, Crotalaria, Calotropis, Straw, Nematode, sandy soil.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Field Nematode Communities over a Decade of Cotton Production in Australia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Oliver Knox ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Vadakattu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Production System ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Genetically Modified Cotton ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soil nematode populations have the potential to indicate ecosystem disturbances. In response to questions about nematode interactions with soilborne diseases and whether genetically modified cotton altered nematode populations, several fields in the Namoi cotton growing area of Australia were sampled between 2005 and 2007. No significant interactions were observed, but nematodes numbers were low and postulated to be due to the use of the nematicide aldicarb. Aldicarb was removed from the system in 2011 and in 2015 funding allowed some fields to be resampled to determine if there had been a change in the nematode numbers following aldicarb removal. No significant changes in the total nematode numbers were observed, implying that the removal of aldicarb had little impact on the total nematode population size. However, an increase in plant parasitic nematodes was observed in both fields, but the species identified and the levels of change were not considered a threat to cotton production nor driven solely by altered pesticide chemistry. Additionally, greater numbers of higher order coloniser-persisters in the 2015 samples suggests that the current cotton production system is less disruptive to the soil ecosystem than that of a decade ago.

scholarly journals Composition and vertical distribution of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Čermák ◽  
V. Gaar ◽  
L. Háněl ◽  
K. Široká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractComposition and vertical distribution of soil nematode communities within soil profile were investigated in eight hop gardens in Czech Republic. In total, the presence of 78 nematode genera was confirmed. Genus Drilocephalobus (Coomans & Coomans, 1990) is new for fauna of the Czech Republic. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at a depth of 0–10 cm and declined with increasing depth of soil profile. The most dominant genus was Bitylenchus, followed by genera Acrobeloides, Ditylenchus, Chiloplacus and Cervidelus. Ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recorded: Bitylenchus (with prevalence of B. dubius), Helicotylenchus, Heterodera (with absolute prevalence of H. humuli), Geocenamus, Longidorella, Longidorus (only L. elongatus), Merlinius (with prevalence of M. brevidens), Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus. Low population densities of predators and omnivores, low values of the community indices (MI, ΣMI, SI, and CI), and high values of NCR, EI, and PPI/MI ratio indicated disturbed nematode communities in hop gardens and bacteria-dominated decomposition pathways in the soil food web.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Bioproducts of Microbial Origin on Nematode Community and Mycorrhizal Root Colonization in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Majić ◽  
Ankica Sarajlić ◽  
Emilija Raspudić ◽  
Marko Josipović ◽  
Gabriella Kanižai Šarić
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Soil Nematode Community ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is the most important legume and threaten by diverse pests and diseases. Complex interactions among rhizosphere organisms are found in all agro-ecosystems. Results of these interactions can be positive and/or negative in terms of plant production. Soil nematode community consists of different trophic groups of nematodes. Nematodes are the most abundant soil invertebrates. Several nematode species penetrate soybean roots as parasites, and can cause loss in yields. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi are obligate plant symbionts that colonize soybean roots naturally. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of irrigation and amendments of bioproducts containing beneficial soil microorganisms (ABM) on nematode community and mycorrhizal root colonization in soybean. Field experiments were conducted in soybean in 2013 in Osijek, Croatia. The plots were either rain fed or irrigated to 60-100% field water capacity (FWC). We tested soil amendments and soil + foliar amendments of three commercial products containing beneficial organisms. Average number of nematodes per soil sample varied from 186,67 (soil ABM in non-irrigated plots) to 297,57 (soil+foliar ABM in plots with 60-100% FWC), and there were no significant differences between the treatments. Bacterial feeding nematodes were the most abundant, while plant parasitic genus Pratylenchus was the most abundant among other plant parasitic nematodes. There was no clear influence of any of the treatments on soil nematode community. Amendments of the bioproducts increased mycorrhizal root colonization in rain fed plots, while it decreased the mycorrhizal root colonization when soybeans were irrigated. Irrigation increased mycorrhizal root colonization in plots without amendments of the bioproducts, and mycorrhizal colonization differed significantly between the sampling dates. Further research is needed to determine if irrigation alters the potential of mycorrhiza to colonize the roots.

Nematode community structure in crop fields near Yamuna in Faridabad, Haryana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Shikha Ahalavat ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey of agricultural fields near Yamuna in Faridabad, Haryana was conducted to study the diversity and community structure of the soil inhabiting nematodes. A total of 32 genera belonging to 7 orders and 22 families were recorded. In terms of abundance, order Tylenchida was most abundant while in terms of number of genera, order Rhabditida was most frequent. Out of 32 genera, 10 viz., Pratylenchus, Psilenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoides, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus, Hirschmanniella, Xiphinema belonged to plant-parasitic nematodes. Overall Meloidogyne was the most abundant among all the nematode genera.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Mixed Crops on Soil Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Lettuce Cultivation (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilyana Koleva ◽  
Ivanka Mitova
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Mixed Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Background: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual plant with very rapid growth and a major species in the assortment of leafy vegetables. Plant parasitic nematodes are economically important pests of leafy vegetables in monoculture and intensive organic fertilization. The simultaneous cultivation of several plant species in the same area can overcome the disadvantages of crops from homogeneous crops. The purpose of this work is to determine the quantitative changes in soil nematode communities in the joint cultivation of medicinal and vegetable species. Methods: The experiments were carried out in a vegetation house. To create mixed crops, the plants the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cutivar ‘Bohemia’, tagetes (Tagetes sp. L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L. Cav.) were used. Result: The results of the nematological analysis showed a decrease in the number of nematodes when mixed growing of lettuce with arugula, calendula and tagetes. The mixed growing of lettuce and calendula resulted in a significant reduction in nematodes, with a Pf/Pi value of 0.3. As a result of the decrease in the nematode population, there was an increase in lettuce yields when mixed grown with arugula and calendula, compared to when grown alone. The study of plant parasitic nematodes based on comparative evaluation of different combinations of plants shows that combinations of crops can be applied as a control method in integrated plant protection systems.

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