Omission, Created Ambiguity, and Chronology in the Book of Jubilees

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Betsy Halpern Amaru
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Ancient Texts

Abstract Omission is a common strategy in ancient texts that rework biblical narratives and the author of the Book of Jubilees frequently employs the strategy. Particularly striking is the omission of chronological material, for the dating of events is a primary feature of Jubilees. This essay examines two cases in which Jubilees omits biblical chronological data. One involves the age of Noah; the other the ten years that Abram is living in the land. In each instance ambiguity within the Jubilees-created chronology accompanies the omission. In the matter of the age of Noah the created ambiguity responds to incongruities in the biblical text and supports a reworked chronology. By contrast, in the matter of the ten years the created ambiguity responds to postbiblical interpretation of the biblical text.

Prodikos zur Entstehung des Götterglaubens

Mnemosyne ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Marianne Wifstrand Schiebe
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Syntactical Analysis ◽  
Ancient Texts

Abstract A number of ancient texts ascribe to the well-known sophist Prodicus a theory concerning the rise of religion according to which early men came to regard and worship as gods all kinds of things useful to life. Modern scholars often claim that Prodicus also envisaged a second stage during which inventors of useful things came to be considered divine. The evidence adduced is a passage from Philodemus’ On Piety, which is then, more or less explicitly, considered superior to the other testimonies. The Stoic philosopher Persaeus is here reported to have briefly sketched and endorsed Prodicus’ theory in one of his works. However, a thorough syntactical analysis of the passage reveals that it confirms the rest of the evidence. The second stage obviously alluded to in the damaged text of the papyrus is without doubt ascribed to Persaeus himself.

Optimizing Bundling Policy of Single-Period Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Gregory Gurevich ◽  
Yuval Cohen ◽  
Baruch Keren
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
End User ◽  
Demand Distribution ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
User Demand ◽  
Coordination Tool

Combining different product types into standard discount bundles is a common strategy used by producers and wholesalers to increase overall sales profitability. While markets consist of many producers and retailers, a deal is typically made between a single producer and a single retailer. This paper deals with a producer who sells items separately, and considers setting and selling standard discount bundles. The purchased wholesale bundles are unpacked by the retailer and the items are sold to the end-users one by one. Thus, the end-user demand distribution is unchanged, but the retailer's order quantity grows with the magnitude of the discount. The paper explores the effect of bundle price and content on the profits of both the producer/wholesaler and the retailer, and derives a general objective function composed of a linear combination of these profits. Moreover, the paper establishes the conditions for bundling profitability and presents a way to optimize the profit of each party (producer, or retailer) without reducing the other party's profit. A real-world case study and sensitivity analysis demonstrate the solution's applicability. The results indicate that bundling can be a coordination tool for increasing expected profit for both the producer and the retailer.

Cognitive Issues in Bible Translation: The Biblical Text in the Context of Human Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
R. Daniel Shaw ◽  
Danny DeLoach ◽  
Jonathan Grimes ◽  
John O. Luchivia ◽  
Sheryl Silzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Interactive Environments ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive studies affect all disciplines that reflect the connection between the mind–brain and human behavior. To state the obvious, Bible translation is a multidisciplinary task influenced by cognitive processes. What, then, do Bible translators need to know about the intended communication of a biblical text on one hand and a people’s context-based inferences on the other? Can these disparate, but necessarily interactive, environments blend to reflect a totality of knowledge from the content of the biblical text? Together, the coauthors explore a variety of cognitive processes that reflect on the relationship between translation and human behavior. Our objective is to show how translated biblical text interfaces with human cognition to affect behavior in specific contexts.

Community Translation and Oral Performance of Some Praise Psalms within the Zulu Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
June F. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Praise Poetry

There is a strong history among the Zulu community of performing praise poetry, and a passion for composing and performing poetry continues among Zulu youth today. On the other hand, the current Zulu Bible is considered by many young people to be irrelevant or difficult to read and understand. With these two factors in mind, I conducted a study in which Zulu youth were invited to participate in basic training, after which they made their own translations of various praise psalms and then performed them before a community audience using song, rap, or spoken poetry. This paper looks at the process and benefits of inviting “ordinary speakers” to participate in the translation process, and of communicating the message through oral performance. The results are encouraging and suggest the methodology could be extended to other genres of biblical text and other language groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Crossing C57BL/6 and FVB Mouse Strains on Basal Cytokine Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Szade ◽  
Witold N. Nowak ◽  
Krzysztof Szade ◽  
Anna Gese ◽  
Ryszard Czypicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Laboratory Mouse Strain ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Different Strains

C57BL/6 is the most often used laboratory mouse strain. However, sometimes it is beneficial to cross the transgenic mice on the C57BL/6 background to the other strain, such as FVB. Although this is a common strategy, the influence of crossing these different strains on homeostatic expression of cytokines is not known. Here we have investigated the differences in the expression of selected cytokines between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6JxFVB mice in serum and skeletal muscle. We have found that only few cytokines were altered by crossing of the strains. Concentrations of IL5, IL7, LIF, MIP-2, and IP-10 were higher in serum of C57BL/6J mice than in C57BL/6JxFVB mice, whereas concentration of G-CSF was lower in C57BL/6J. In the skeletal muscle only the concentration of VEGF was higher in C57BL/6J mice than in C57BL/6JxFVB mice. Concluding, the differences in cytokine expression upon crossing C57BL/6 and FVB strain in basal conditions are not profound.

scholarly journals Beavers, Castor canadensis, Feeding on Salmon Carcasses: Opportunistic Use of a Seasonally Superabundant Food Source

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Gleason ◽  
Ryan A. Hoffman ◽  
James M. Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Salmon Carcasses

We report observations of Beavers (Castor canadensis) foraging and feeding on discarded Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) carcasses within the confines of the Susitna River drainage in southcentral Alaska on three separate occasions between 1999 and 2004. In all three instances, Beavers were observed actively seeking out freshly discarded carcasses or transporting “fresh” salmon carcasses in their mouths. In one instance, Beavers were seen using their dextrous forefeet to “handle” chunks of salmon while hunched over carcasses and in this case we actually witnessed Beavers “chewing” and ingestion was assumed. In the other two instances, Beavers were observed swimming with salmon carcasses in their mouths. Though unique within the framework of Beaver foraging ecology, we suggest this behavior may be a fairly common strategy employed by Beavers in Alaskan streams and rivers to take advantage of a seasonally superabundant source of protein.

Confirming What is Written: The Masoretic Term Yafeh

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Martín-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Analysis And Study

Abstract The term yafeh (‘correct’) is used almost exclusively in the Masora Parva of the Cairo Codex of the Prophets. The analysis and study of the seventy-five occurrences show that its main role is to confirm what is written in the text in spite of its peculiarity, but not to explain that peculiarity. Therefore, it is not another Masoretic term to note a specific feature in the text. It seems that the term yafeh is directly related to the transmission process rather than to the description of the text. This use could be a reflection on an early stage of the Masoretic practices. Moreover, the scarce or even null use of the term in the other main Tiberian manuscripts and the different treatment they give to the same features all suggest the existence of a different layer among those manuscripts in the transmission of the biblical text.

Dialogue and the Imagination: Reflections by an Indian Christian Artist

Exchange ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Jyoti Sahi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
Indian Aesthetics ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Implied Meaning

AbstractAs an Indian Christian artist, I have reflected on Jesus’s dialogue with the Woman at the Well . Here we see the relation of Jesus to cultures beyond the Jewish one. The Biblical text has many layers of meaning. In Indian aesthetics, we learn of the ‘Dhvani’ or ‘implied meaning’ of a text. This implied meaning is discovered by the imagination, and is the basis for a re-interpretation of the text in our modern context of religious diversity, and ecological challenges. Attempts to relate Biblical narratives to images found in other religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, have sometimes been questioned as being syncretistic. However, a story like that of the woman at the well, has echoes in a similar story to be found in the Buddhist tradition, and in the universal theme of water, and its importance for life.

Deconstructing the Ancients/Moderns Trope in Historical Reception

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-290
Author(s):  
John R. Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
The One ◽  
Ancient Texts

Notably since Thomas Hobbes, canonically with Benjamin Constant, and conventionally amid Nietzschean, Popperian, Straussian, Arendtian, liberal (sc. Madison, Mill, Berlin, Rawls, Vlastos, Hansen), republican (sc. Skinner), political (sc. Finley), and sociological (sc. Ober) readings of ancient texts, contemporary scholarship on the ancients often has employed some version of the dichotomous ancient/modern or ancient/contemporary contrast as a template for explaining, understanding, and interpretively appropriating ancient texts and political practices – particularly those of ancient Greek philosophy and democracy (although Roman ideas and practices also have been invoked). In particular, this has been done to argue for some conception of political ethics and democracy. I argue that this rhetorical trope, often using Athens and Europe/America as synecdoches for antiquity and modernity, has generated narrow and distorted views of ancient texts and political practices, on the one hand, and their contemporary relevance, on the other – views that misinterpret the theoretical significance of historical phenomena and misread the potential lessons of ancient authorities. Instead, texts and practices should be read either with more qualifications or more fully against a historical dynamic of critical philosophy and political power – including its ethical, cultural, institutional, and governing elements – that is not framed by this dichotomy.

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