scholarly journals Micro-moulded substrates for the analysis of structure-dependent behaviour of nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Otobe ◽  
Kenji Itou ◽  
Takayuki Mizukubo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Serial Images ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

AbstractMicrostructures, consisting of networks of channels of rectangular cross sections (50 μm high, 40-200 μm wide), were formed in 5 mm square areas on transparent substrates made of silicon rubber. An experimental set-up using the network sealed with a flat glass plate has the potential to function in a way similar to the pore space in soil, and is therefore useful for studies of nematode migration. The set-up allowed the migratory activity of nematodes in water-filled, porous and transparent microstructures to be observed with a microscope. By means of substrates with two different channel dimensions, the structure-dependent behaviour of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita was visually demonstrated. Their behaviour was examined on the basis of the migration patterns obtained by superimposing recorded serial images of individual juveniles. In a micro-channel network with 40 μm high channels of 200 μm wide elements, juveniles showed marked activity in migration, forming consistent zigzag patterns spread over the network area. In contrast, in a micro-channel network with 80 μm high channels of 400 μm wide elements, migration showed thick, sparse patterns, restricted around the area where the juveniles were initially deposited. This comparison showed that M. incognita juveniles in a narrow, fine network tended to migrate actively and, in contrast, those in a wide, coarse network were prevented from migrating by the network configuration.

scholarly journals Computer-aided design of multi-purpose steel headframes for mines with a new technical level

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Elena Kassikhina ◽  
Vladimir Pershin ◽  
Nina Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aided Design

The existing structures of the steel sinking headgear and permanent headframe do not meet the requirements of resource saving (metal consumption and manpower input at installation), and the present methods of the headframe designing do not fully reflect recent possibilities of applying of the advanced information technologies. Technical level of the modern software makes it possible for designers to set up multiple numerical experiments to create a computer simulation that allows solving the problem without field and laboratory experiments, and therefore without special costs. In this regard, a mathematical simulation has been developed and based on it, software to select cross-sections of multi- purpose steel headframe elements and to calculate proper weight of its metal structures depending on the characteristics and hoisting equipment. A headframe drawing is displayed, as the results of the software work, including list of elements, obtained optimal hoisting equipment in accordance with the initial data. The software allows speeding up graphic work and reducing manpower input on calculations and paper work. The software allows developing a three-dimensional image of the structure and its functional blocks, based on the obtained initial parameters, as well as developing control software for units with numerical control (NC) in order to manufacture multi-purpose headframes.

scholarly journals Imaging the Subsurface: How Different Visualizations of Cross-sections Affect the Sense of Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Bang-Kittilsen ◽  
Terje Midtbø
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Web Experiment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visualization Techniques

AbstractGeologists struggle to communicate the uncertainty that arise when mapping and interpreting the geological subsurface. Today, open data sharing policies make new value of geological information possible for a broader user group of non-experts. It is crucial to develop standard methods for visualizing uncertainty to increase the usability of geological information. In this study, a web experiment was set up to analyze whether and how different design choices influence the sense of uncertainty. Also, questions about the intuitiveness of symbols were asked. Two-hundred ten participants from different countries completed the experiment, both experts and non-experts in geology. Traditional visualization techniques in geology, like dashed lines, dotted lines and question mark, were tested. In addition, other visualizations were tested, such as hatched area and variations of symbol size, zoom levels and reference information. The results show that design choices have an impact on the participants’ assessment of uncertainty. The experts inquire about crucial information if it is not present. The results also suggest that when visualizing uncertainty, all the elements in the representation, and specifically the line and area symbols that delineate and colour the features, must work together to make the right impression.

An open platform version of the Fluvial Corridor Toolbox with new functionalities to map nested floodplain envelops at the network scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dunesme ◽  
Christophe Rousson ◽  
Hervé Piégay
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
New Processing

<p>Fluvial geomorphology provides an integrative space-time framework to target actions for risk mitigation, water resource preservation, and biodiversity and landscape conservation. Geomorphic data provides support critically important knowledge on stream condition, adjustment processes and sensitivity to change. Multiscale frameworks are needed to organize knowledge into useful usable and usable useful information. To move towards a more river rehabilitation or conservation strategy, a planning effort is needed at the regional or network scale, so called upscaled geomorphology, to provide large spatial datasets and new environmental monitoring facilities. This new emphasis on spatial planning resonates also with the concept of “green infrastructures” as a mean to protect fluvial corridors and identify opportunities to restore lateral connectivity and floodplain functionalities, thus providing ecosystem services such as flood expansion zones or better functioning ecological networks.</p><p>The development of a new version of the Fluvial Corridor Toolbox (FCT), following the work done by Alber and Piégay (2011) and Roux et al. (2015), started as an effort to implement port the ArcGIS code to the QGis platform for promoting open science and sharing our tools with river practitioners. The initial version of the FCT provided a spatial framework to produce metrics at a fine scale and a disaggregation-aggregation procedure to delineate floodplain functional units along a channel network. The new version of the FCT has been completely rewritten and incorporates ideas from Nardi et al. (2018) and Clubb et al. (2017) for improving the calculation of riverscape feature heights above the water level and delineate floodplain through the river network. We also borrowed the concept of swath profiles from Hergarten et al. (2014) as the basis of a new raster-based approach to characterize floodplain features on cross-sections. These new functionalities are based on high resolution DEM and landcover data to produce different floodplain envelops. Finally, we implemented tiled processing of very large raster datasets after Barnes (2016, 2017). This new version of the FCT also provides a lightweight framework for developing new processing toolchains/workflows. We successfully processed 5 m resolution landcover data over the entire (French) Rhone basin and used these layers to highlight the FCT interest. The new workflows are suitable for working at large network scale and are reproducible. </p><p>Further perspectives include an integration of such data and some FCT functionalities in online regional observatories with a visualization interface showing raw data on cross-sections and long profiles and synthetic patterns at the network scale allowing to compare target reaches with regional references.</p><p> </p>

Glass-Alumina Functionally Graded Materials Produced by Plasma Spraying

2007 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Valeria Cannillo ◽  
Luca Lusvarghi ◽  
Tiziano Manfredini ◽  
M. Montorsi ◽  
Cristina Siligardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present work was focused on glass-alumina functionally graded materials. The samples, produced by plasma spraying, were built as multi-layered systems by depositing several layers of slightly different composition, since their alumina and glass content was progressively changed. After fabricating the graded materials, several, proper characterization techniques were set up to investigate the gradient in composition, microstructure and related performances. A particular attention was paid to the observation of the graded cross sections by scanning electron microscopy, which allowed to visualize directly the graded microstructural changes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection was integrated with accurate mechanical measurements, such as systematic depth-sensing Vickers microindentation tests performed on the graded cross sections.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE TIME‐DEPENDENT BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE CROSS‐SECTIONS BY LAPLACE‐TRANSFORM

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Erich Raue ◽  
Thorsten Heidolf
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Final State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Dependent Behaviour ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

Composite structures consisting of precast and cast in‐situ concrete elements are increasingly common. These combinations demand a mechanical model which takes into account the time‐dependent behaviour and analysis of the different ages of the connected concrete components. The effect of creep and shrinkage of the different concrete components can be of relevance for the state of serviceability, as well as for the final state. The long‐time behaviour of concrete can be described by the rate‐of‐creep method, combined with a discretisation of time. The internal forces are described for each time interval using a system of linear differential equations, which can be solved by Laplace‐transform.

Experimental and numerical study of flood dynamics in a river-network-floodplain set-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-814
Author(s):  
Vijay Kisan Mali ◽  
B. Veeranna ◽  
Aditya Parik ◽  
Soumendra Nath Kuiry
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
River Network ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Flood Simulations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Flood Dynamics ◽  
Accurate Scheme ◽  
2D Model

Abstract Flood simulations demand mathematical models, which are rigorously calibrated and validated against benchmarking datasets. For this purpose, experiments are conducted in a river-network-floodplain set-up. Hypothetical stepped hydrographs are passed through the channel-network, and fluvial flooding situations are created. Flood depths are recorded at various locations and evolving flood extents are extracted by image processing. TELEMAC 2D is tested against the observed data. The most accurate scheme for flood prediction is identified through sensitivity analysis. Inclusion of the turbulence model is found to improve the accuracy in predicting dynamic flood extents. The model seems to slightly overpredict inundation extents during the rising limb of the hydrographs and underpredict during the falling limb. In addition, certain aspects of a flood such as river–floodplain interaction and junction hydraulics cannot be reproduced with high precision by the 2D model. The experimental datasets can be a valuable resource to mathematical modellers and are freely downloadable.

scholarly journals Development of an experimental set-up for the measurement of neutron-induced fission and capture cross sections of highly radioactive fissile nuclei

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Companis ◽  
Ludovic Mathieu ◽  
Mourad Aïche ◽  
Peter Schillebeeckx ◽  
Jan Heyse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
Induced Fission ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Capture Cross Sections

UPGRADE FOR THE CBELSA/TAPS EXPERIMENT AT ELSA FOR η AND η′ DECAYS

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
MICHAEL LANG
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Final State ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Neutral Particles ◽  
Tracking Detector ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Photo Production

The CBELSA/TAPS experiment is a set up installed at the accelerator facility ELSA in Bonn. It is used to measure cross sections of hadronic reactions by observing final state particles. The set up is well suited for the identification of neutral particles such as neutrons and photons (e.g. from π0 decay). It is planed to access the major part of η and η′ photo production and decays as also strangeness. This requires a neutral trigger capability for the detector set up and a tracking detector for charged particles.

Observations of Liquid Droplet Behavior and Oil Film Formation in O/W Type Emulsion Lubrication

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakahara ◽  
T. Makino ◽  
K. Kyogoku
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Rolling Speed ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Inlet Zone

The behavior of liquid droplets in O/W type emulsions flowing between a flat glass plate and a metal roller was observed by means of a microscope. The behavior of the droplets introduced into the EHL film was found to be related to the streamlines of the continuous water phase in the vicinity of the inlet zone. It was observed that the oil droplets which penetrated into the EHL zone formed an oily pool (an oily film zone) containing water droplets in the inlet zone close to the EHL zone. This oily pool was a W/O emulsion rich in oil caused by phase inversion. The effects of oil concentration, emulsifier content and rolling speed on the area of the oily pool were investigated, and it was found that the extent of the oily pool was influenced by the rolling speed as well as oil concentration. The EHD film thickness was measured by means of optical interferometry with use of two wavelengths, and the measured results were compared with the calculated ones employing the starvation theory of Wolveridge et al. and the empirical equation of Wymer and Cameron for the region of the oil pool. It was found that course droplets play an important role in film formation by causing the formation of the oily pool in the low speed range. In the high speed range, however, a fine O/W emulsion forms the film.

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