Molecular phylogeny of the pond skaters (Gerrinae), discussion of the fossil record and a checklist of species assigned to the subfamily (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Damgaard ◽  
Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira ◽  
Tom A. Weir ◽  
Herbert Zettel
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Future Revision

The phylogenetic relationships among selected species and genera of Gerrinae (Heteroptera: Gerridae) were investigated in a parsimony analysis of 2268 bp of DNA sequence data from the genes encoding COI + II, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA. The taxa represented 12 of 15 recognized genera of Gerrinae and with outgroup taxa from all other subfamilies of Gerridae, including three of five recognized genera of Eotrechinae, which is considered the sister-group of Gerrinae. The resulting phylogeny shows that Gerrinae is not monophyletic, since a clade comprising Gerris, Aquarius, Limnoporus, Tachygerris, Eurygerris and Gigantometra is more closely related to representatives of the subfamily Eotrechinae than to a clade comprising Limnogonus, Neogerris, Limnometra, Tenagogerris and Tenagogonus. The two currently recognized gerrine tribes, Tachygerrini and Gerrini, were also paraphyletic, since Eurygerris was sister-group to Gigantometra, while Tachygerris was sister-group to Limnoporus + Aquarius + Gerris. Limnogonus and Neogerris were found to be strongly supported sister-taxa, and their sister-group was a clade comprising Limnometra, Tenagogerris and Tenagogonus, none of which were monophyletic. Finally, Aquarius chilensis (Berg, 1881) was sister-group to a clade comprising Aquarius amplus (Drake & Harris, 1938), A. remigis (Say, 1832) and A. remigoides (Gallant & Fairbairn, 1993), recognized as the A. remigis species group, and the entire clade was sister-group to Gerris. Based on the phylogenetic reconstruction, we outline possible diagnostic character combinations for a future revision of the Gerrinae and discuss the fossil record. While some of the relationships reinstate earlier ideas, e.g., Limnogonus and Neogerris being sister groups, many others are poorly supported and poorly diagnosed, and therefore, we retain from drawing taxonomic conclusions until data is available from the remaining genera, which can support a future generic revision of the Gerrinae. The updated checklist of species assigned to the subfamily is therefore based on the established taxonomy.

Molecular phylogeny of the pond treaders (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Mesoveliidae), discussion of the fossil record and a checklist of species assigned to the family

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Damgaard ◽  
Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira ◽  
Masakazu Hayashi ◽  
Tom A. Weir ◽  
Herbert Zettel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genes Encoding

The phylogenetic relationships among selected species and genera of Mesoveliidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) were investigated in a parsimony analysis of 2858 bp of DNA sequence data from the genes encoding COI + II, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA. The resulting phylogeny showed that Mesoveloidea williamsiHungerford, 1929, from the subfamily Madeoveliinae, was sister group to Mniovelia Andersen & J.T. Polhemus, 1980, from the Mesoveliinae, thus making the latter subfamily paraphyletic. The genus MesoveliaMulsant & Rey, 1852 also showed to be paraphyletic, since an undescribed Laotian relative of M. indicaHorváth, 1915 and M. ujhelyiiLundblad, 1933 resulted as sister group to PhrynoveliaHorváth, 1915; and M. amoenaUhler, 1894 was sister species to Speovelia maritimaEsaki, 1929. Whereas these relationships were poorly or moderately supported, the remaining species of Mesovelia formed two distinct and well-supported clades, one comprising M. horvathiLundblad, 1933, M. hackeriHarris & Drake, 1941, and two undescribed species from Nigeria and New Caledonia, and another comprising M. vittigeraHorváth, 1895, M. stysi J.T. Polhemus & D.A. Polhemus, 2000, M. ebbenielseniAndersen & Weir, 2004, M. furcata Mulsant & Rey, 1952, and M. mulsantiWhite, 1879. A large genetic difference was found between populations of M. vittigera from Europe and Africa on one side and populations from Australia and New Caledonia on the other. DNA sequence data from a Japanese “M. vittigera” obtained from GenBank placed the specimen as strongly supported sister group to a Danish specimen of M. furcata. Comparisons of the 28S rRNA sequence data between the two specimens revealed a single C/T transition, while comparison with a Chinese female of M. furcata revealed one A/G and one C/T transition, thus suggesting mislabelling of the Japanese specimen, or an unrecognized presence of M. furcata in Japan. Considerable genetic differentiation was found between specimens of M. horvathi from Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Laos, and between sympatric specimens of M. mulsanti from Honduras, thus supporting earlier ideas of species-complexes in these two clades. Samples of Austrovelia caledonicaMalipatil & Monteith, 1983 from New Caledonia and Mniovelia kuscheli Andersen & J.T. Polhemus, 1980 from New Zealand’s North Island also revealed considerable intraspecific divergences indicating genetic isolation among geographically separated populations on these ancient islands.

Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae (Chelicerata : Scorpiones), with a discussion on phylogenetic methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Prendini ◽  
Timothy M. Crowe ◽  
Ward C. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
The Family

A cladistic analysis of relationships among the genera of Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802—Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828; Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837; Pandinus Thorell, 1876; and Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758—based on morphology and DNA sequence data from loci of three genes in the mitochondrial genome (12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I) and one gene in the nuclear genome (28S rDNA) is presented. The analysis makes use of exemplar species, specifically selected to test the monophyly of the genera, rather than supraspecific terminal taxa. Other methods used in the analysis are justified in the context of a discussion of current methods for phylogenetic reconstruction. Relationships among the scorpionid genera are demonstrated to be as follows: (Opistophthalmus (Scorpio (Heterometrus + Pandinus))). This reconstruction identifies Opistophthalmus as the basal lineage of the Scorpionidae, rather than the sister-group of Scorpio. Revised descriptions, diagnoses and a key to identification of the four scorpionid genera are provided, together with a summary of what is known about their ecology, distribution and conservation status.

scholarly journals First insights into the phylogeny of tok-tokkie beetles (Tenebrionidae: Molurina, Phanerotomeina) and examination of the status of the Psammodes vialis species-group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin J Kamiński ◽  
Olivia M Gearner ◽  
Kojun Kanda ◽  
Kali Swichtenberg ◽  
Luboš Purchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ovipositor Morphology

Abstract The first molecular phylogeny of the tribe Sepidiini is inferred from analyses of DNA sequence data from the following five loci (CAD, wg, COI, COII, 28S rRNA). Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on a dataset containing 41 taxa, of which a majority represent Molurina (27) and Phanerotomeina (6). The resulting topologies were used to discuss phylogenetic placement and diagnostic characters of all of the genera representing Molurina. Within the subtribe, the results revealed paraphyly of the genus Psammodes. The P. vialis species-group, currently classified within Psammodes, was recovered as sister to all other Molurina genera. Based on this topology and morphological investigations, a new genus named Toktokkus gen. nov. is established. Within Phanerotomeina, Ocnodes is paraphyletic with regard to Tarsocnodes. In order to restore the monophyly of Ocnodes, the subgenus Chiliarchum stat. nov. is elevated to generic level. Finally, as the homology of female terminalia structures has never been fully assessed for Sepidiini, a comparative study of ovipositor morphology was conducted. As a result, this paper presents the first fully annotated ovipositors for tok-tokkie beetles.

The phylogenetic and taxonomic position of Lilaeopsis (Apiaceae), with notes on the applicability of ITS sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Petersen ◽  
Ole Seberg ◽  
Sidsel Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

The relationships of the genusLilaeopsis Greene have been difficult to determine primarily due to its simple morphology with entire, linear to spathulate leaves, simple umbels and lack of carpophore. Consequently, the genus has been referred to both Hydrocotyloideae and Apioideae. DNA sequence data from different genes (rbcL and matK) and non-coding regions (rpoC1 intron and ITS) were explored in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of Lilaeopsis. Separate and combined analyses of rpoC1 intron, rbcL and matK data give almost congruent results with respect to a clade including Lilaeopsis. The three species of Lilaeopsis included in the analyses form a monophyletic group within the Oenanthe clade and hence belong to the Apioideae. Presently, the Mexican genus Neogoezia Hemsl. is considered its most likely sister group. Optimisation alignment of the ITS sequence data results in widely different phylogenetic hypotheses, but on the basis of congruence tests, two very similar trees can be selected. These trees are, however, incongruent with the trees obtained from analyses of the chloroplast sequences. As alignment of the ITS sequences is problematic even within the Oenanthe clade, the reliability of phylogenies on the basis of ITS data of higher taxonomic levels in the Apiaceae is questioned. However, for phylogenetic analysis within Lilaeopsis ITS sequences may prove useful and unproblematic.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

scholarly journals Systematics of Ariantinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae), a new approach to an old problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65l ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick S.J. Groenenberg ◽  
Peter Subai ◽  
Edmund Gittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Individual

A new starting-point in Ariantinae systematics is presented by combining data on traditional shell morphology and genital anatomy, with phylogeny reconstructions based on DNA sequence data. For nearly all genera and subgenera one or more shells are depicted and drawings of the proximal part of the genital organs are shown to illustrate the morphological diversification within the subfamily. For as much as our material allowed it, partial sequences are presented for Histone H3 (H3), Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), Cytochrome B (CytB) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S). Some of the allegedly speciose genera like Chilostoma and Campylaea (Zilch, 1960) do not represent monophyletic groups of species, whereas most of the remaining nominal taxa (e.g. Causa, Dinarica, Josephinella, Faustina, Liburnica, Kosicia and Thiessea) warrant a separate taxonomic status indeed. Sequence data from individual markers were informative at the species-level, but not for higherlevel phylogenetics. Insight in genus-level relationships was obtained after concatenation of the individual datasets. The Ariantinae are estimated to have originated during the late Cretaceous (Campanian), not later than ca. 80 million years ago. The enigmatic and morphologically aberrant, monotypic genus Cylindrus is shown as the sister-group of Arianta, a genus including A. arbustorum, which is also unusual in shell-shape and habitat. Ariantopsis and Wladislawia are classified as subgenera of neither Campylaea nor Chilostoma, but Cattania. Sabljaria is considered a subgenus of Dinarica. The nominal genus Superba is shown to be paraphyletic; additional data should demonstrate whether Superba has to be synonymised with Liburnica. The Ariantinae are here divided in 21 genera (2 new) and 13 subgenera (3 new).

Bifidochaetus, a new Arctic genus of freshwater Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) from Spitsbergen revealed by an integrative taxonomic approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kolicka ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert ◽  
Jacek Dabert ◽  
Tobias Kånneby ◽  
Jacek Kisielewski
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Taxonomic Research

Gastrotricha is a cosmopolitan phylum of aquatic and semi-terrestrial invertebrates that comprises ~820 described species. To date, freshwater gastrotrichs have not been the subject of faunistic or taxonomic research in the polar regions. In this paper, we present the first species-level description of a freshwater gastrotrich from the Arctic (Svalbard Archipelago). Evidence from morphology, morphometry and molecular analyses reveals that the species represents a new genus in Chaetonotidae: Bifidochaetus arcticus, gen. et sp. nov. Taking into consideration many morphological similarities to Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) veronicae Kånneby, 2013 we propose to include C. (P.) veronicae in the newly established genus under the new combination Bifidochaetus veronicae (Kånneby, 2013), comb. nov. In the phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data, B. arcticus, gen. et sp. nov. is nested within the family Chaetonotidae, as the sister group to the genus Lepidochaetus Kisielewski, 1991. In this paper we also present new taxonomic characters useful for gastrotrich taxonomy: the pharynx-to-intestine length ratio (I) and the spine bifurcation ratio (B).

New genetic lineages within Moroccan day geckos Quedenfeldtia (Sphaerodactylidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David James Harris ◽  
Daniela Rosado ◽  
Raquel Xavier ◽  
Daniele Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Morphological Assessment

The genus Quedenfeldtia is composed of two species, Q. moerens and Q. trachyblepharus, both endemic to the Atlas Mountains region of Morocco. Previous studies recovered two main genetic lineages within each Quedenfeldtia species, although sampling did not cover a substantial portion of their known distribution. In this study we collected individuals from previously unsampled localities of Quedenfeldtia and carried out genetic analyses in order to assess the range of previously identified lineages and the occurrence of additional lineages. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on both mitochondrial (12S and ND4 + tRNA) and nuclear (MC1R) markers revealed that while the new individuals of Q. moerens belong to previously described lineages, two new lineages of Q. trachyblepharus were uncovered from the northern and southern parts of the range. Genetic divergence of these new lineages (8-9% ND4 + tRNA p-distance) was higher than values observed between other lizard sister species. In the future a thorough morphological assessment is needed to complement this study and allow a taxonomic revision of these taxa. The results of this study highlight the importance of biodiversity assessments in mountainous regions characterized by high endemicity but which are difficult to access.

Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28S D2 secondary structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 1002-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L J Quicke ◽  
Sergey A Belokobylskij ◽  
Yves Braet ◽  
Cornelis van Achterberg ◽  
Paul D N Hebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Dataset ◽  
First Time

Abstract A new tribe of braconid wasps provisionally included in the Rhyssalinae, Laibaleini trib. nov., type genus Laibalea gen. nov. (type species Laibalea enigmatica sp. nov.), from Kenya and the Central African Republic, is described. A molecular dataset, with emphasis on basally derived taxa based on four gene fragments (28S D2–D3 expansion region, COI barcode, elongation factor 1-alpha and 16S ribosomal DNA), was analysed both alone and in combination with a morphological dataset. Molecular phylogenetic placement of the new species into an existing subfamily is complicated by the extreme sequence divergence of the three sequences obtained for Laibalea. In both the combined sequence analysis and the combined DNA plus morphological tree, Laibalea is recovered as a sister group to the Rhyssalinae plus all non-cyclostome lineage braconids excluding Mesostoinae, Maxfischeriinae and Aphidiinae. A consensus of morphological characters and molecular analyses suggests inclusion of Laibalea either in the otherwise principally Holarctic subfamily Rhyssalinae or perhap more basally, in the principally Gondwanan Mesostoinae s.l., although we cannot exclude the possibility that it might represent a separate basal lineage. We place Laibalea in its own tribe, provisionally included in Rhyssalinae. The DNA sequence data are presented for several genera for the first time. Avga, the type genus of Avgini, is shown not to belong to Mesostoinae s.l. or Hormiinae, but its exact relationships remain uncertain. The generic compositions of Rhyssalinae and Mesostoinae s.l. are revised. Anachyra, Apoavga, Neptihormius, Neoavga and Opiopterus are shown to belong to Mesostoinae s.s. A key to the tribes of Rhyssalinae is provided.

Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4734 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. BEAMER ◽  
TRIP LAMB
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Sampling Regime ◽  
Comprehensive Recovery

Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) constitute a large, species-rich group within the family Plethodontidae, and though their systematic relationships have been addressed extensively, most studies have centered on particular species complexes and therefore offer only piecemeal phylogenetic perspective on the genus. Recent work has revealed Desmognathus to be far more clade rich—35 reciprocally monophyletic clades versus 22 recognized species—than previously imagined, results that, in turn, provide impetus for additional survey effort within clades and across geographic areas thus far sparsely sampled. We conceived and implemented a sampling regime combining level IV ecoregions and independent river drainages to yield a geographic grid for comprehensive recovery of all genealogically exclusive clades. We sampled over 550 populations throughout the distribution of Desmognathus in the eastern United States of America and generated mitochondrial DNA sequence data (mtDNA; 1,991 bp) for 536 specimens. A Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the resulting haplotypes revealed forty-five reciprocally monophyletic clades, eleven of which have never been included in a comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction, and an additional three not represented in any molecular systematic survey. Although general limitations associated with mtDNA data preclude new species delineation, we profile each of the 45 clades and assign names to 10 new clades (following a protocol for previous clade nomenclature). We also redefine several species complexes and erect new informal species complexes. Our dataset, which contains topotypic samples for nearly every currently recognized species and most synonymies, will offer a robust framework for future efforts to delimit species within Desmognathus. 

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