scholarly journals The Relationship Between Sound–Shape Matching and Cognitive Ability in Adults With Down Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hamburg ◽  
C. M. Startin ◽  
A. Strydom
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Behavior Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Skills

Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, is characterised by a pattern of cognitive deficits hypothesised as relating to later developing neural systems. Multisensory integration (MSI) has been shown to benefit cognitive performance on numerous tasks in the typically developing population and is implicated in the early development of various cognitive processes. Given these developmental links of both MSI and DS it is important to determine the relationship between MSI and DS. This study aimed to characterise sound–shape matching performance in young adults with DS as an indicator of MSI (correct response rate around 90% in typically developing individuals). We further investigated the relationship between task performance and estimated cognitive ability (verbal and non-verbal) in addition to everyday adaptive behavior skills. Those answering correctly (72.5%) scored significantly higher across cognitive and adaptive behavior measures compared to those answering incorrectly. Furthermore, 57.1% of individuals with estimated cognitive ability scores below the median value answered correctly compared to 89.5% of individuals scoring above the median, with similar values found for adaptive behavior skills (57.9% vs. 94.4%). This preliminary finding suggests sound–shape matching deficits are relatively common in DS but may be restricted to individuals of lower ability as opposed to being a general characteristic of DS. Further studies investigating aspects of MSI across a range of modalities are necessary to fully characterise the nature of MSI in DS and to explore underlying neural correlates and mechanisms.

Variables Affecting Outcome of Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Ben-Itzchak ◽  
Ditza Zachor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Severity ◽  
Behavior Skills ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Skills

AbstractHeterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reflected in the child's characteristics, including clinical variability in the severity of autism symptoms, cognitive ability, and language skills. Also, substantial individual differences are apparent about treatment outcomes. The effects of early intervention in ASD constitute one of the important questions ASD researchers face today. To what extent do factors such as child and family characteristics, intervention approach, and specific treatment components, influence outcome? This review focused on which preintervention factors better predicted outcome in each of the different outcome measures used most frequently in ASD research, including autism severity, cognitive ability, and adaptive behavior skills. For outcome in autism severity, predictors included child's baseline age, cognitive ability, autism severity, and the type of treatment approach used. For cognitive gains, predictors included baseline autism severity, maternal and educational level, and the type and intensity of the treatment. For outcome in adaptive behavior skills, predictors included baseline cognitive ability, autism severity, maternal age, and the treatment approach and intensity. Future studies in this field should expand the scope of factors, look for more specific behaviors, and investigate the interplay between a child's characteristics, familial factors, and various treatment aspects that might affect the outcome of the intervention.

scholarly journals VNTR-DAT1 and COMTVal158Met Genotypes Modulate Mental Flexibility and Adaptive Behavior Skills in Down Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura del Hoyo ◽  
Laura Xicota ◽  
Klaus Langohr ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
Susana de Sola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Mental Flexibility ◽  
Behavior Skills ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Skills

Adaptive Behavior and Intelligence in Adolescents With Down Syndrome: An Exploratory Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Sabat ◽  
Marc Tassé ◽  
Marcela Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Correlation Consistent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medium Correlation

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by difficulties in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These sets of abilities are considered as separate but related domains with small to moderate correlations. The main objective of this study was to explore the relationship of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior in adolescents with DS because previous studies have shown different relationship patterns between these constructs across other syndromes. Fifty-three adolescents with DS were assessed regarding their intellectual functioning whereas adaptive behavior was reported by parents and teachers. Participants showed a better performance on verbal than nonverbal tasks when assessing intellectual functioning, contrary to previous findings. Regarding adaptive behavior, higher social skills were reported than conceptual and practical skills. Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior showed a medium correlation, consistent with observations in typical population. These results support the exploration of the variability across the DS phenotype.

Adaptive Behavior Skills and Quality of Life among Autistic Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 2483-2492
Author(s):  
AFAF ABD EL-HAMID, D.N.Sc.; MOHAMED M. SULTAN, M.Sc.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Behavior Skills ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Skills

Students' Perceptions of Their Adaptive Behavior Skills

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Weller ◽  
Sherri Strawser
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Skills ◽  
Adaptive Behavior Skills

scholarly journals Mental State Verb Production as a Measure of Perspective Taking in Narrations of Individuals With Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Neitzel ◽  
Martina Penke
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Perspective taking is an important ability to enrich narrations by empathizing with a real or fictional character. Mental state verbs (MSV) are a good indicator for this ability as they serve to reflect the mindset that the narrator attributes to a protagonist. Especially syntactic abilities have been argued to be relevant for MSV use. Investigating persons with Down Syndrome (DS) is likely to provide important insights into the relationship of MSV use and syntactic abilities: MSV are mostly used in complex sentence structures, which are a frequent difficulty for individuals with this syndrome. Indeed, previous investigations have found first evidence for impaired MSV production in individuals with DS, indicating a link to syntactic abilities and expressive vocabulary. Our aim was to provide evidence on MSV production and on the syntactic context of MSV production in individuals with DS and to target a possible connection to both cognitive and language abilities using specific language assessments. Typically-developing (pre-)school children were included as a comparison group to identify impaired respectively developmentally-adequate performance.Method: 28 individuals with Down syndrome (aged 10; 0–20; 1 years) participated in a battery of cognitive, narrative and language measures. MSV-performance and syntactical context of MSV use were compared to data from 33 typically-developing children aged 3–9 years. We also analyzed the relationship between MSV production and language performance (vocabulary, syntax measures, mean length of utterance).Results: The total number and types of MSV used were comparable for individuals with DS and TD. Moreover, a syntactic analysis indicated that individuals with DS and TD use MSV in the same syntactic contexts. Nevertheless, the syntactic difficulties of participants with DS are reflected in their frequent use of MSV in sentence-fragments. Correlations over the DS group yielded that syntactic abilities were not decisive for the richness and diversity of MSV in narrations.Conclusion: Our findings suggest a comparable performance in MSV use in individuals with DS and school-aged TD children. The data indicate that MSV production is possible even with an impaired syntax suggesting unimpaired perspective taking abilities in individuals with DS.

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