A “mille-feuilles” of stress tolerance in the desert plant Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss.: Highlighting epigenetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Grafi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
The World

Plants thriving in harsh desert environments provide a suitable bio-system for unraveling novel mechanisms for survival under seasonal climate change and combination of temperature extremes, low water and nutrient availability and high salinity and radiation levels. The study of the desert plant Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss in its the natural habitat of the Negev desert revealed that stress tolerance is achieved by a plethora of mechanisms (e.g. morphological, molecular and developmental mechanisms), which are probably regulated by multiple genes that act together to bring about tolerance. Of particular interest is the finding that Z. dumosum like other Zygophyllaceae species, most of which inhabit dry and semidry regions of the world, do not possess the repressive epigenetic markers of histone H3 di- and tri-methylated at lysine 9; yet they possess mono methyl H3K9. We discuss the adaptive value of lessening epigenetic constraints with regard to the opportunistic behavior that makes plants most adaptable to change.

scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Functional Annotation, and Transcriptome Dynamics Analyses Reveal Stress Tolerance Genes in Mangrove Tree (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9874
Author(s):  
Matin Miryeganeh ◽  
Hidetoshi Saze
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

Their high adaptability to difficult coastal conditions makes mangrove trees a valuable resource and an interesting model system for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying stress tolerance and adaptation of plants to the stressful environmental conditions. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) for de novo assembling and characterizing the Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lamk leaf transcriptome. B. gymnorhiza is one of the most widely distributed mangrove species from the biggest family of mangroves; Rhizophoraceae. The de novo assembly was followed by functional annotations and identification of individual transcripts and gene families that are involved in abiotic stress response. We then compared the genome-wide expression profiles between two populations of B. gymnorhiza, growing under different levels of stress, in their natural habitats. One population living in high salinity environment, in the shore of the Pacific Ocean- Japan, and the other population living about one kilometre farther from the ocean, and next to the estuary of a river; in less saline and more brackish condition. Many genes involved in response to salt and osmotic stress, showed elevated expression levels in trees growing next to the ocean in high salinity condition. Validation of these genes may contribute to future salt-resistance research in mangroves and other woody plants. Furthermore, the sequences and transcriptome data provided in this study are valuable scientific resources for future comparative transcriptome research in plants growing under stressful conditions.

Exploration, Collection and Characterization of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) Germplasm from North-Western Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anwar Khan ◽  
Suhail Altaf ◽  
Safoora Shafi ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Waseem Ali Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
The World ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Exploration Mission ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) is one of the most important spice crop in the world. A set of two hundred fifty two (252) diverse kala zeera germplasm accessions were collected during an exploration mission from hot-spot regions /hills dividing two neighboring countries (India-Pakistan) on line of control (LOC) and hills near line of actual control (LAC) with China. The crop grows wild in its natural habitat mainly in Gurez valley, Tulail, Kashtiwar, Keran, Machil Tangdhar, Machil, Drass, Paddar, Khrew, Char-e-Sharief, Pang, Lahaul spiti, Shaung, Bharmour and Almora hills of Indian Western Himalayas. The germplasm collected has been characterized for morpho-agronomic traits and the analysis of trait data revealed significant variability in number of branches plant-1, number of umbelets umbel-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The collection and characterization of 252 Kala zeera germplasm accessions can prove useful in future Kala zeera improvement programs in the world as this is first such comprehensive report of the crop from Western Himalayan region of India.

Filobasidiella bacillispora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Joo Kwon-Chung
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Filobasidiella bacillispora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Unlike F. neoformans, F. bacillispora has been recorded only rarely from bird droppings and the natural habitat of this species is not known (RMVM 13, 480). Naturally-acquired infections have been recorded only in man and cat. DISEASE: Cryptococcosis (see CMI Description No. 649). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cryptococcosis due to F. bacillispora is frequent in Southern California, but rare in other parts of the world.

Incentives for marine conservation: options for small island developing states

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Niesten ◽  
Heidi Gjertsen ◽  
Patrick S. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Interventions

AbstractConservation practitioners are increasingly turning to incentive-based approaches to encourage local resource users to change behaviors that impact on biodiversity and natural habitat. Three such approaches are buyouts, conservation agreements and alternative livelihoods. We assess the design and performance of these types of marine conservation interventions through an analysis of 27 case studies from around the world. Here we focus on cases that are particularly relevant to designing incentives for Small Island Developing States. Many more opportunities exist for interventions that combine the strengths of these approaches, such as through performance-based agreements that provide funds for education or alternative livelihood development.

Paragenesis and mineral chemistry of alabandite (MnS) from the Ag-rich Santo Toribio epithermal deposit, Northern Peru

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Olivo ◽  
K. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Epithermal Deposits ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
World Class ◽  
Polymetallic Ore

AbstractThe Miocene, epithermal, Ag-rich polymetallic Santo Toribio deposit is hosted by the volcanics of the Quiruvilva-Pierina subbelt, Northern Peru, which also comprises the world-class, high sulphidation Pierina deposit. The Ag-rich, alabandite-bearing veins of the Santo Toribio deposit formed during two major stages. The early stage is characterized by deposition of arsenopyrite, pyrite, quartz, Mn- sphalerite, stannite, alabandite and minor miargyrite. Sphalerite associated with this stage is exceptionally enriched in Mn (up to 14.5 wt.%) and alabandite is optically and mineralogically zoned. Its brown zones have greater Fe+Sb and smaller Mn contents than the green zones and Fe+Sb replaces Mn in its structure. During this early stage, fs2 must have been high to allow the stabilization of alabandite relative to rhodochrosite. In the second stage, the physicochemical conditions changed and the CO2/S ratio increased, causing dissolution of alabandite and the deposition of abundant rhodochrosite and a second generation of arsenopyrite, pyrite and quartz, sphalerite with chalcopyrite inclusions, mirargyrite, ramdohrite, and finally stibnite. This polymetallic ore probably formed due to an abrupt decrease in H+ and/or Cl- concentration caused by boiling or dilution of the high-salinity hydrothermal fluids and constitutes an example of “intermediate sulfidation-state” epithermal deposits.

scholarly journals Model of a Creative Man in Modern Economy: Experience of Creation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
O. I. Lozina ◽  
V. N. Rogozhnikova ◽  
L. A. Tutov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Special Protection

This article is an experience of creating a model of a creative man in the economy. Economics is a creative activity, because the essence of Economics is the constant creation of new things: new technologies, products, services, institutions, and the economic reality itself. Creativity is also one of the most important characteristics of the age of uncertainty – creative work is opposed to mechanical work that robots can perform, and needs special protection in the world of algorithms and opportunistic behavior; creativity is impossible without freedom, which depends on a variety of individual and institutional factors; creativity is expressed in the creation of new technologies that radically change the world and people. Thus, creativity is a factor of unpredictability, novelty in human behavior, so for a modern economy focused on the analysis of this behavior, the problem of creativity is particularly acute.The purpose of the work is to create a model of a creative person in the economy. The paper uses comparative analysis, systematic and interdisciplinary approaches, and a historical approach.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT FOR BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahmad ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Dioxygenase Enzymes

The field of biotechnology has extraordinary influence on science, law, the administrative condition social insurance, and business throughout the world. As the starting of agriculture, people have been manipulating crops to improve the yield and quantity. Product yields throughout the world are essentially diminished by the activity of herbivorous insects, pathogens, and parasites. Natural environmental stresses make this circumstance significantly worse. Biotechnology can be used to increase the yield of food crops, to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, to modify the traits of the plant (e.g. oil content, percentage of lignin, cell structure), to make the conversion to liquid biofuels more efficient. Various genes have been discovered for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The genes discovered for biotic stress are aryloxyalkanoate, dioxygenase, enzymes (aad-1), nitrilase, Cry1Ac, Cry2AB, GTgene, AFP (anti-freezing protein gene) gene, Chitinase II and III gene, and Rps1-k. The genes discovered for abiotic stress are SgNCED1, SgNCED1, USP2, HSP70, BADH, and ALO, PVNCED1, HVA1, LeNCED1. CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) are the short DNA sequences present in bacteria and archaeal genomes which are now currently used by researchers to edit the genome. In different plant species (calli, leaf discs) protoplasts have been successfully used to edit their genome through CRISPR/Cas9 system. The aims of the applications are to increase resistance to abiotic or biotic stress, to engineer metabolic pathways, and to increase grain yield. Incorporation of modern biotechnology, with regular traditional practices in a sustainable way, can fulfill the objective of achieving food security for the present and as well as in future.

scholarly journals Bee Representations in Human Art and Culture through the Ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Kit S. Prendergast ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Scarlett R. Howard ◽  
Zong-Xin Ren ◽  
Stuart J. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The field of bioaesthetics seeks to understand how modern humans may have first developed art appreciation and is informed by considering a broad range of fields including painting, sculpture, music and the built environment. In recent times there has been a diverse range of art and communication media representing bees, and such work is often linked to growing concerns about potential bee declines due to a variety of factors including natural habitat fragmentation, climate change, and pesticide use in agriculture. We take a broad view of human art representations of bees to ask if the current interest in artistic representations of bees is evidenced throughout history, and in different regions of the world prior to globalisation. We observe from the earliest records of human representations in cave art over 8,000 years old through to ancient Egyptian carvings of bees and hieroglyphics, that humans have had a long-term relationship with bees especially due to the benefits of honey, wax, and crop pollination. The relationship between humans and bees frequently links to religious and spiritual representations in different parts of the world from Australia to Europe, South America and Asia. Art mediums have frequently included the visual and musical, thus showing evidence of being deeply rooted in how different people around the world perceive and relate to bees in nature through creative practice. In modern times, artistic representations extend to installation arts, mixed-media, and the moving image. Through the examination of the diverse inclusion of bees in human culture and art, we show that there are links between the functional benefits of associating with bees, including sourcing sweet-tasting nutritious food that could have acted, we suggest, to condition positive responses in the brain, leading to the development of an aesthetic appreciation of work representing bees.

scholarly journals Jasmonic Acid Impairs Arabidopsis Seedling Salt Stress Tolerance Through MYC2-Mediated Repression of CAT2 Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Feng Song ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Wen-Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Arabidopsis Seedling

High salinity causes ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses to plants, and the antioxidant enzyme Catalase2 (CAT2) plays a vital role in this process, while how CAT2 expression is regulated during plant response to high salinity remains elusive. Here, we report that phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) impairs plant salt stress tolerance by repressing CAT2 expression in an MYC2-dependent manner. Exogenous JA application decreased plant salt stress tolerance while the jar1 mutant with reduced bioactive JA-Ile accumulation showed enhanced salt stress tolerance. JA enhanced salt-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, while treatment with H2O2-scavenger glutathione compromised such effects of JA on plant H2O2 accumulation and salt stress tolerance. In addition, JA repressed CAT2 expression in salt-stressed wild-type plant but not in myc2, a mutant of the master transcriptional factor MYC2 in JA signaling, therefore, the myc2 mutant exhibited increased salt stress tolerance. Further study showed that mutation of CAT2 largely reverted lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, higher CAT activity, and enhanced salt stress tolerance of the myc2 mutant in myc2 cat2-1 double mutant, revealing that CAT2 functions downstream JA-MYC2 module in plant response to high salinity. Together, our study reveals that JA impairs Arabidopsis seedling salt stress tolerance through MYC2-mediated repression of CAT2 expression.

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