Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 3. Nostocales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN B. MCGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

This is the first detailed account of the Nostocales of north-eastern Australia, and the third and final volume in the series documenting the freshwater cyanobacterial flora of this region. This monophyletic group comprises filamentous cyanobacteria which produce heterocytes and akinetes. Amongst the cyanobacteria, this group is perhaps the most morphologically diverse, occurring as single filaments, unstructured aggregations, or colonies of various arrangements, which may exhibit false-, true-, or no-branching. This volume provides keys, morphological and ecological data, and photomicrographs for 35 genera, and 93 species from nine families to enable the identification of natural populations based on stable and recognizable characters observable by light microscopy. Distributional data are based on extensive surveys incompassing 358 sites which represent the major freshwater habitats of the region including rivers and streams, palustrine and lacustrine wetlands, thermal springs, and artificial reservoirs, as well as a review of the Australian phycological literature.

Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 2. Chroococcales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN B. MCGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

This volume provides the first detailed account of the Chroococcales of north-eastern Australia. It provides keys, morphological and ecological data for 6 families, 33 genera and 112 species, and photomicrographs and original illustrations to enable the identification of natural populations based on stable and recognizable characters observable with the aid of light microscopy. Distributional data are based on extensive surveys at 270 sites representing the major freshwater habitats including rivers and streams, palustrine and lacustrine wetlands, thermal springs, and man-made reservoirs in Queensland and the Northern Territory as well as a review of the Australian phycological literature. 

scholarly journals Molecular and Morphological Divergence of Australian Wild Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Dinh Thi Lam ◽  
Katsuyuki Ichitani ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Ryuji Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Oryza Meridionalis ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Two types of perennial wild rice, Australian Oryza rufipogon and a new taxon Jpn2 have been observed in Australia in addition to the annual species Oryza meridionalis. Jpn2 is distinct owing to its larger spikelet size but shares O. meridionalis-like morphological features including a high density of bristle cells on the awn surface. All the morphological traits resemble O. meridionalis except for the larger spikelet size. Because Jpn2 has distinct cytoplasmic genomes, including the chloroplast (cp), cp insertion/deletion/simple sequence repeats were designed to establish marker systems to distinguish wild rice in Australia in different natural populations. It was shown that the new taxon is distinct from Asian O. rufipogon but instead resembles O. meridionalis. In addition, higher diversity was detected in north-eastern Australia. Reproductive barriers among species and Jpn2 tested by cross-hybridization suggested a unique biological relationship of Jpn2 with other species. Insertions of retrotransposable elements in the Jpn2 genome were extracted from raw reads generated using next-generation sequencing. Jpn2 tended to share insertions with other O. meridionalis accessions and with Australian O. rufipogon accessions in particular cases, but not Asian O. rufipogon except for two insertions. One insertion was restricted to Jpn2 in Australia and shared with some O. rufipogon in Thailand.

Confirming the genetic affinity of the ‘Eyres Green’ saltbush cultivar as oldman saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Sampson ◽  
M. Byrne ◽  
H. C. Norman ◽  
E. Barrett-Lennard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Green Is ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North Eastern Part

Until recently, ‘Eyres Green’ was the only commercial cultivar of oldman saltbush available for forage planting and landscape rehabilitation. ‘Eyres Green’ is believed to be a clonal cultivar of the ecologically and economically important octoploid dioecious species Atriplex nummularia (Lindl.), but its actual identity is unknown. The genetic relationship of the ‘Eyres Green’ clonal cultivar to the two subspecies A. nummularia ssp. nummularia and A. nummularia ssp. spathulata (Aellen) was assessed using nuclear microsatellite markers, principal coordinate analysis and Bayesian clustering. ‘Eyres Green’ clustered with ssp. nummularia in all analyses, suggesting that the cultivar was derived from an individual of this subspecies, probably from the north-eastern part of the subspecies’ distribution in eastern Australia. Atriplex species are dioecous and substantially wind-pollinated. Plants of the ‘Eyres Green’ cultivar are female, so risk of genetic contamination from initial plantings is low, but could occur if plantings within pollination distance of natural populations set seed and establish male plants that subsequently become a source of pollen contamination.

Phenotypic and ecological diversity of freshwater coccoid cyanobacteria from maritime Antarctica and Islands of NW Weddell Sea. II.

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Komárek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Maritime Antarctica ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
James Ross Island

The article contains the second part of the review of natural populations of coccoid (unicellular, colonial) cyanobacteria from the coastal, maritime Antarctica and the vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula, mainly from its north-eastern region. The samples were collected from several localities with terrestrial and freshwater habitats of the deglaciated parts of South Shetland Islands, and from the northern part of James Ross Island. The material was identified according to the modern system (Komárek et al. 2014b). This second part contains 16 species (from 12 genera) from the cytologically more complicated orders Chroococcales, Pleurocapsales and Chroococcidiopsidales, characterized also by more irregular thylakoidal system. Similarly as in types from the order Synechococcales, all species are connected with special habitats and their cultivation is difficult. They are adapted to the special biotopes and in spite of their relatively wide diversity, only few occurred rarely in massive populations. Several species are evidently endemic for Antarctica, 8 species are described as new recognized taxa.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF ENZYME ACTIVITY VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS. I. ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-388
Author(s):  
John F McDonald ◽  
Francisco J Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Consequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adh Activity

ABSTRACT Recent studies by various authors suggest that variation in gene regulation may be common in nature, and might be of great evolutionary consequence; but the ascertainment of variation in gene regulation has proven to be a difficult problem. In this study, we explore this problem by measuring alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in Drosophila melanogaster strains homozygous for various combinations of given second and third chromosomes sampled from a natural population. The structural locus (Adh) coding for ADH is on the second chromosome. The results show that: (1) there are genes, other than Adh, that affect the levels of ADH activity; (2) at least some of these "regulatory" genes are located on the third chromosome, and thus are not adjacent to the Adh locus; (3) variation exists in natural populations for such regulatory genes; (4) the effect of these regulatory genes varies as they interact with different second chromosomes; (5) third chromosomes with high-activity genes are either partially or completely dominant over chromosomes with low-activity genes; (6) the effects of the regulatory genes are pervasive throughout development; and (7) the third chromosome genes regulate the levels of ADH activity by affecting the number of ADH molecules in the flies. The results are consistent with the view that the evolution of regulatory genes may play an important role in adaptation.

Some physical and chemical features of two upland crater lakes in tropical north-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Crater Lakes ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Continuous Deposition

Lakes Barrine and Eacham, ~1.0 and 0.5 km2 area, 67 and 63 m depth respectively, lie at ~740 m a.s.l., ~17°S in north-eastern Australia. Seasonal changes in their volumes modelled from meteorological data correspond well with observations at Eacham. Temperature profiles through 6 years show summer stratification with a metalimnion at 20–30 m; in winter, near isothermy is usually attained. At Barrine, thermal stability varies between winter and summer (<500 and >4000 g-cm cm-2 respectively). Mixing is related to low ground temperatures during periods of generally low thermal stability; exceptionally it penetrates to >60 m. Oxygen saturation decreases from the surface to ~20% at the base of the euphotic zone (15–21 m) but oxygen is carried lower by mixing after which anoxia commonly rises to ~40 m. At Barrine, Fe-reducing redox (<200 mV) usually occurs below 50 m, but during mixing this boundary falls to within 1 m of the mud–water interface. The Barrine solution is dilute (total dissolved solids 55–58 mg L-1), and that of Eacham is more so. A concentrated monimolimnion has developed in the lowermost 2–3 m at Barrine but not at Eacham. Sedimentation at the middle of each lake results from the continuous deposition of open-water products punctuated by the redistribution of coarser detritus from the ‘shallows’ at times of deep mixing. The resultant laminations are preserved only at Barrine, protected by the chemical stability of the monimolimnion.

Evidence for multiple paternity in two species of Orconectes crayfish

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Kahrl ◽  
R.H. Laushman ◽  
A.J. Roles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Crayfish Species

Multiple mating is expected to be common in organisms that produce large clutches as a mechanism by which sexual reproduction can enrich genetic variation. For freshwater crayfish, observation of multiple mating suggests the potential for high rates of multiple paternity, but genetic confirmation is largely lacking from natural populations. We studied paternity within wild-caught broods of two crayfish species in the genus Orconectes (Sanborn’s crayfish (Orconectes sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)) and the Allegheny crayfish (Orconectes obscurus (Hagen, 1870))). Although females have been observed mating with multiple males, this is the first genetic confirmation of multiple paternity in broods of these two species. Berried females were collected in the field and maintained in aquaria until their eggs hatched. We amplified and genotyped extracted DNA from maternal and hatchling tissue for several microsatellite loci. For both species, paternity reconstruction (GERUD 2.0) yielded 2–3 sires per brood and no single paternity clutches. We discuss these results from natural populations in light of the body of work on reproductive ecology of decapod crustaceans and in the context of changes in life history following the transition from marine to freshwater habitats.

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