Seed micromorphology of representatives of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae genera from the Caucasus region and its taxonomic significance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-251
Author(s):  
RENATA PIWOWARCZYK ◽  
KAROLINA RURAŻ ◽  
YULIYA KRASYLENKO ◽  
JUSTYNA KASIŃSKA ◽  
ÓSCAR SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Periclinal Wall ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
First Time

Obligate parasitic plant species from the Orobanchaceae family belong to the most critical genera of world flora. Due to their strongly reduced vegetative organ architecture, there arise many difficulties and mistakes in species identification, and extra characteristics of systematic importance are required. Seed micromorphology is a highly informative taxonomic criterion that helps to resolve ambiguities in plant taxonomy and evolution, and has proved to be a valuable complementary tool for Orobanchaceae species identification. In this study, seeds of 43 holoparasitic species from the Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche and Phelipanche genera collected in the Caucasus were subjected to micromorphological analysis. The Caucasus is one of the most important centres of world biodiversity, with many endangered and endemic parasitic plants. Twenty two quantitative/qualitative micromorphological seed parameters were analysed using stereo ZOOM, confocal scanning laser (CLSM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Three types of seed were established based on periclinal wall ornamentation: 1) clearly pitted sculpturing in all Cistanche, Diphelypaea, and most Orobanche seeds; 2) fibrillar and veined sculpturing in Phelipanche seeds; and 3) smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted) outer periclinal wall in O. coerulescens and O. colorata seeds. However, CLSM, used in present studies for Orobanchaceae seeds for the first time, revealed more details of wall lignification and ornamentation invisible in SEM images. The best micromorphological characteristics for species identification are the type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, the width of anticlinal wall, the character of perforation, perforation length and width, the fibrillar character, and fibrillar and vein width. A comparison of the main characteristics distinguishing the seeds of Orobanchaceae is also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 986 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Hrivniak ◽  
Pavel Sroka ◽  
Jindřiška Bojková ◽  
Roman J. Godunko
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Identification Guide ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrobiological Research

The Caucasus and adjacent areas are inhabited by fifteen species of mayflies of the genus Epeorus, subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997 (Heptageniidae). This identification guide aims to facilitate an accurate species identification of their larvae and sum up all available information on their taxonomy and distribution. An identification key is provided, and the important diagnostic characters of all species are described and illustrated. The larva of E. (C.) insularis (Braasch, 1983) is described for the first time. This study enables the routine identification of Caucasiron larvae necessary for biomonitoring and hydrobiological research in the Caucasus region.

Seed micromorphology of central European Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) in relation to preferred hosts and systematic implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Periclinal Wall ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Wall Perforation ◽  
Almost All

Holoparasitic genera within family Orobanchaceae are characterised by greatly reduced vegetative organs; therefore, seed micromorphology has proved to be a useful complementary taxonomic criterion. Seeds of 160 samples from 54 localities of 26 taxa of the Orobanche and Phelipanche genera occurring in central Europe, specifically from Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia, supplemented by samples from Spain, France and Ukraine, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen quantitative or qualitative morphological characters of seeds were analysed. The following three types of periclinal wall sculpture of seeds were identified: veined and fibrillar in Phelipanche; with oval or elliptic perforations (pitted) in almost all species of Orobanche; with outer periclinal wall smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted), impeding vision of the inner one, occurring only in O. gracilis Sm. and O. coerulescens Stephan in Willd. The influence of different hosts on the features of seeds of eight species is also presented, as well as relationships between seed morphology and taxonomic classification, including problematic taxa. The best diagnostic features include type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, perforation diameter (in pitted sculpture), fibrillar diameter (in fibrillar sculpture) and width of anticlinal walls. Size and shape of the seeds and cells and the presence of median troughs are variable; however, these features can be helpful when using larger samples. The usefulness of micromorphological studies on seeds of Orobanche and Phelipanche is demonstrated.

Neuropeptide F (Moniezia expansa): localization and characterization using specific antisera

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Maule ◽  
C. Shaw ◽  
D. W. Halton ◽  
G. P. Brennan ◽  
C. F. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Neuropeptide F ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
First Time ◽  
Parasitic Platyhelminth

SUMMARYImmunocytochemical techniques used in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate, for the first time, the distribution of the parasitic platyhelminth neuropeptide, neuropeptide F (NPF) in the cestode, Moniezia expansa. Antisera were raised to intact NPF(1–39) and to the C-terminal decapeptide of NPF(30–39). These antisera were characterized and validated for use in both immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA). NPF immunoreactivity (IR) was detected using both antisera throughout all of the major components of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the worm. The pattern of NPF-IR was found to mirror the IR obtained using a C-terminally directed pancreatic polypeptide (PP) antiserum and FMRFamide antisera; blocking studies using these antisera revealed that FMRFamide and PP antisera cross-react with NPF(M. expansa). RIA of acid-alcohol extracts of the worm measured 114 ng/g using the C-terminal NPF antiserum and 56 ng/g using the whole-molecule-directed antiserum. While the C-terminally-directed NPF antiserum cross-reacts with NPF-related peptides from other invertebrates, the whole-molecule-directed NPF antiserum is specific for NPF(M. expansa). The C-terminal NPF antiserum has potential for use in the identification and purification of NPF analogues from other platyhelminth parasites.

«The Intrigues Are in Full Swing»: Five Letters of the Caucasian Political Émigrés G. Bammat, A. Kantemir and H. Hasmamedov from the Berlin «Adloniada» in 1942

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Й. Шнелле
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

Конференция, организованная Министерством иностранных дел Германии в 1942 году для многочисленной группы кавказских политиков-эмигрантов, известная как «Адлониада» (была названа в честь берлинской гостиницы, в которой останавливалось большинство участников), оказалась ключевым событием в формировании немецкой политики по отношению к Кавказскому региону. Пять опубликованных здесь писем впервые дают представление о работе конференции с точки зрения трех участников с Северного Кавказа и из Азербайджана. Эти письма помогают нам глубже понять ход определенных событий, погрузиться в интриги и политические инициативы участвующих в них кавказских эмигрантов, а также определить их отношение к немецкой принимающей стороне. A conference organised by the German Foreign Ministry in 1942 for a large group of émigré politicians from the Caucasus – commonly referred to as the ‘Adloniada’ after the Berlin hotel most of them were staying at – proved to be a pivotal event in the evolution of German policies regarding the Caucasus region. Five letters published here for the first time provide an insight into its proceedings from the perspective of three participants from the North Caucasus and Azerbaijan. They help further our understanding of the concrete course of events, the intrigues among and political proposals of the attending Caucasian émigrés, as well as their attitudes towards their German hosts.

Measurements in 3D images

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
John C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Three-dimensional (3D) images consisting of arrays of voxels can now be routinely obtained from several different types of microscopes. These include both the transmission and emission modes of the confocal scanning laser microscope (but not its most common reflection mode), the secondary ion mass spectrometer, and computed tomography using electrons, X-rays or other signals. Compared to the traditional use of serial sectioning (which includes sequential polishing of hard materials), these newer techniques eliminate difficulties of alignment of slices, and maintain uniform resolution in the depth direction. However, the resolution in the z-direction may be different from that within each image plane, which makes the voxels non-cubic and creates some difficulties for subsequent analysis.

Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multi-Color Confocal Microscopic Datasets: Automated Light Microscopic Discrimination of Synaptic Relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
M Wessendorf ◽  
A Beuning ◽  
D Cameron ◽  
J Williams ◽  
C Knox
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Assisted Analysis

Multi-color confocal scanning-laser microscopy (CSLM) allows examination of the relationships between neuronal somata and the nerve fibers surrounding them at sub-micron resolution in x,y, and z. Given these properties, it should be possible to use multi-color CSLM to identify relationships that might be synapses and eliminate those that are clearly too distant to be synapses. In previous studies of this type, pairs of images (e.g., red and green images for tissue stained with rhodamine and fluorescein) have been merged and examined for nerve terminals that appose a stained cell (see, for instance, Mason et al.). The above method suffers from two disadvantages, though. First, although it is possible to recognize appositions in which the varicosity abuts the cell in the x or y axes, it is more difficult to recognize them if the apposition is oriented at all in the z-axis—e.g., if the varicosity lies above or below the neuron rather than next to it. Second, using this method to identify potential appositions over an entire cell is time-consuming and tedious.

Fading of the diaminobenzidine reaction product in the confocal scanning laser microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
JS Deitch ◽  
KL Smith ◽  
JW Swann ◽  
JN Turner
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staining Protocol ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Neurons labeled with horseradish peroxidase and reacted with diaminobenzidine (DAB) can be imaged using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) in the reflection mode. In contrast to fluorescent markers, the DAB reaction product is thought to be stable and can be observed by both light and electron microscopy. We have investigated the sensitivity of the DAB reaction product to laser irradiation, and present the spectrophotometric properties of DAB before and after exposure in the CSLM.Pyramidal neurons in slices of rat hippocampus were injected with biocytin (a biotin-lysine complex), fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde, and vibratome sectioned at 75 μm. Biocytin was detected with avidin-HRP (1:200) in 0.5% Triton X-100, incubated in DAB (0.5 mg/ml) with or without 0.04% nickel ammonium sulfate (Ni), dehydrated, and imaged in a Bio Rad MRC-500 CSLM with an argon ion laser (488 and 514 nm). Spectrophotometric measurements of the soma were made on a Zeiss microspectrophotometer, as a function of laser exposure (100-1000 scans) and staining protocol.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of South Ossetia (Caucasus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
E. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Information on the Sphagnum mosses of the South Ossetia is generalized, the resulted list is presented. Nine species of Sphagnum are included in the list, whereabouts data and references to the publications are given, and the presence of a sample in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE) is noted. The species Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. rarely occurring in the Caucasus is reported in the South Ossetia for the first time. The species was found in the Caucasus, South Ossetia, at the side of the Ertso Lake (42°28ʹN, 43°45ʹE), 1720 m a. s. l., among sedge thickets at the margin of the overgrowing lake. The peculiarities of its occurrence and ecological conditions are considered. Its distribution in the Caucasus and in the world is discussed.

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