A new species of Chiridota (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae) from Japan, and First record of C. rigida from Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4341 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
YUSUKE YAMANA ◽  
HAYATO TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
New To Japan ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Curved Rod ◽  
A New Species

A new apodid sea cucumber, Chiridota impatiens sp. nov., is described from the intertidal zone of Okinawa, Japan, and C. rigida Semper, 1867 is also described from the intertidal zone of Wakayama, as new to Japan. C. impatiens sp. nov. is approximately 60–70 mm, with 12 tentacles and 4–7 pairs of digits per tentacle, red or reddish brown in living specimens. The tentacles contain curved rod ossicles, with spinous processes and many branches in C. rigida, however, in C. impatiens sp. nov., the curved rod ossicles are crescent-shaped, sometimes distally, with spinous processes and rarely a few branches on the circumference. In both species, the body wall contains flattened rod ossicles, mostly present along the longitudinal muscle and mesentery, curved rod ossicles primarily in the body wall, and wheel ossicles only in the wheel-papillae. In C. rigida, the contents of the wheel-papillae form a hemispherical sack-shaped structures, in which the teeth-side of the wheel ossicles mostly faces towards the outside of the body. In C. impatiens sp. nov., the contents of the wheel-papillae form a cord-shaped structure (present in both preserved and living specimens), in which the teeth-side of the wheel ossicles faces various directions, and that can be induced to break through the skin of the papillae if stimulated in living specimens. 

Holothuria (Selenkothuria) carere, a new species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Mexican Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2922 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGALI HONEY-ESCANDÓN ◽  
FRANCISCO A. SOLÍS-MARÍN ◽  
ALFREDO LAGUARDA-FIGUERAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Tube Feet

A new species of sea cucumber of the subgenus Selenkothuria Deichmann, 1958 is described. Holothuria (Selenkothuria) carere n. sp. was found in the Mexican Pacific, from intertidal to 6 m depth. The absences of ossicles in the body wall, as well as in the dorsal and ventral tube feet make this species unique among the species of this subgenus. Smooth straight rods with distal perforations and projections are present only in the dorsal and anal papillae, papillae at the base of the tentacles and in the tentacles. This species is distinctive within the subgenus. The shape of the ossicles shows some similarities with H. (S.) glaberrima Selenka, 1867.

Thandarum hernandezi, a new genus and new species of sea cucumber family Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3304 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANO I. MARTINEZ ◽  
MARTÍN I. BROGGER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Tube Feet

A new genus and a new species of dendrochirotid, Thandarum hernandezi gen. et sp. nov., is described from Buenos Airescoast in the Southwestern Atlantic. For this species is quite significant the body U shape, up to 14.08 mm (along thetrivium), with double row of podia restricted to the ambulacra. Other features are ossicles from body wall with buttonsand 4 pillar tables, tube feet with rods and end plate star-shaped; the introvert with rosettes and tentacles with rods. Thesecharacteristics require the recognition of a new genus, and the new species and represents the first sclerodactylid reported in Argentinean waters.

scholarly journals Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1608 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
YULIN LIAO ◽  
DAVID L. PAWSON ◽  
WEI LIU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Anal Region ◽  
A New Species

Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus new species is described from a depth of 22–45 meters near the western edge of the Yellow Sea. The body is cylindrical, with body wall ossicles present only in the anal region. Ossicles are four-pillared tables with low spires and indented disc margin. A revised key to the eleven phyllophorine (Family Phyllophoridae, Subfamily Phyllophorinae) species now known from China is presented.

Pentamera fonsecae n. sp. a new species of sea cucumber from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Thyonidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4878 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO ALONSO SOLIS-MARIN ◽  
JUAN JOSE ALVARADO ◽  
CARLOS ANDRES CONEJEROS-VARGAS ◽  
ANDREA ALEJANDRA CABALLERO-OCHOA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Tube Feet

Pentamera fonsecae n. sp. is described from seven specimens as a new species of Thyonidae from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It is distinguished from its congeners by having tables with ladder-shaped spires in the body wall, and tube feet with curved support tables of variable height and tables as those found in the body wall slightly smaller than those from the body wall. This species is distributed in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, from 28.5 to 40 m on muddy bottoms.

Extraction and Characterization of Pepsin Soluble Collagen from the Body Wall of Sea Cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saijun Lin ◽  
Ya-Ping Xue ◽  
Enli San ◽  
Tan Chee Keong ◽  
Lifang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soluble Collagen ◽  
Pepsin Soluble Collagen

scholarly journals Distribution of Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni; the Body Wall Versus the Viscera, and Their Biological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Bahrami ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Christopher M. M. Franco
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Wide Range

Sea cucumbers are an important ingredient of traditional folk medicine in many Asian countries, which are well-known for their medicinal, nutraceutical, and food values due to producing an impressive range of distinctive natural bioactive compounds. Triterpene glycosides are the most abundant and prime secondary metabolites reported in this species. They possess numerous biological activities ranging from anti-tumour, wound healing, hypolipidemia, pain relieving, the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty livers, anti-hyperuricemia, the induction of bone marrow hematopoiesis, anti-hypertension, and cosmetics and anti-ageing properties. This study was designed to purify and elucidate the structure of saponin contents of the body wall of sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni and to compare the distribution of saponins of the body wall with that of the viscera. The body wall was extracted with 70% ethanol, and purified by a liquid-liquid partition chromatography, followed by isobutanol extraction. A high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was conducted on the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with a high purity. The resultant purified saponins were analyzed using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS. The integrated and hyphenated MS and HPCPC analyses revealed the presence of 89 saponin congeners, including 35 new and 54 known saponins, in the body wall in which the majority of glycosides are of the holostane type. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, the structure of four novel acetylated saponins, namely lessoniosides H, I, J, and K were characterized. The identified triterpene glycosides showed potent antifungal activities against tested fungi, but had no antibacterial effects on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of a wide range of saponins with potential applications is promising for cosmeceutical, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to improve human health.

A new species and southernmost record of Cestrus Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4822 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
FERNANDA A. SUPELETO ◽  
BERNARDO F. SANTOS ◽  
ALEXANDRE P. AGUIAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Valve ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Apical Margin ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
A New Species

Cestrus itatiensis sp. nov., from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated. This is the southernmost record for the genus and the first record in Brazil. The new species is characterized by having the body reddish brown; a narrow yellow stripe along eye margin on supra-clypeal area, reaching briefly the supra-antennal area; transverse carina of propodeum complete and stout; postpetiole and T2–8 progressively dark brown towards apical margin in a somewhat triangular pattern; and apex of dorsal valve of ovipositor with nine distinct teeth. Extensive sampling suggest this is a rare species. 

Structural and biochemical changes in dermis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) during autolysis in response to cutting the body wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Da-Yong Zhou ◽  
Zi-Qiang Liu ◽  
Ting Lu ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus

scholarly journals Serotonin modulates muscle function in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon P. Gerry ◽  
David J. Ellerby
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hirudo Verbana ◽  
Work Production ◽  
Large Length ◽  
Body Wall Muscles

The body wall muscles of sanguivorous leeches power mechanically diverse behaviours: suction feeding, crawling and swimming. These require longitudinal muscle to exert force over an extremely large length range, from 145 to 46 per cent of the mean segmental swimming length. Previous data, however, suggest that leech body wall muscle has limited capacity for force production when elongated. Serotonin (5-HT) alters the passive properties of the body wall and stimulates feeding. We hypothesized that 5-HT may also have a role in allowing force production in elongated muscle by changing the shape of the length–tension relationship (LTR). LTRs were measured from longitudinal muscle strips in vitro in physiological saline with and without the presence of 10 µM 5-HT. The LTR was much broader than previously measured for leech muscle. Rather than shifting the LTR, 5-HT reduced passive muscle tonus and increased active stress at all lengths. In addition to modulating leech behaviour and passive mechanical properties, 5-HT probably enhances muscle force and work production during locomotion and feeding.

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