Areas of endemism for Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes): A monophyletic family of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540
Author(s):  
AUGUSTO FROTA ◽  
CARLA SIMONE PAVANELLI ◽  
WEFERSON JÚNIO DA GRAÇA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Northern South America

Knowledge on the hydrological evolution of the Neotropical region was used along with the current distribution of the anablepid species to investigate the historical biogeography of this family. Areas of endemism were delimited by endemicity analysis resulting in seven individual areas of endemism and three consensus areas located in northwestern Argentina, southern Brazil, and northern South America. These areas were discussed in the context of anablepid species diversification, especially for the genus Anableps and the subgenera Jenynsia and Plesiojenynsia. The existence of areas of endemism for the family analyzed reveals an intimate association with historical events that occurred in the geological evolution of South America, which can be associated with the main diversification patterns and historical hypotheses in the context of Neotropical freshwater fishes biogeography. 

scholarly journals A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Ascotrichia Flint, 1983 (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin E. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America

A revision of the microcaddisfly genus Ascotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) is provided, including a generic diagnosis, illustrations, and descriptions of males. This genus is endemic to the Neotropical region and has been recorded from countries in northern South America. Adults of the genus are notable within the family for the contrasting black and green hairs on the forewings. A total of six species are treated, three described as new: Ascotrichia adirecta sp. n. (Brazil), A. hystricosa sp. n. (Brazil), and A. simoma sp. n. (Brazil).

scholarly journals Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEUVO AHTI ◽  
HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
The Guianas

The diversity of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the Neotropics is apparently underestimated. A revision of the family for the Flora of the Guianas resulted in the description of 10 species new to science from Northern South America: Cladonia cayennensis; Cladonia flavocrispata; Cladonia isidiifera; Cladonia maasii; Cladonia mollis; Cladonia persphacelata; Cladonia recta; Cladonia rupununii; Cladonia subsphacelata; Cladonia termitarum.

Distribution of freshwater fish from the Southern Neotropics reveals three new areas of endemism and show diffuse limits among freshwater ecoregions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bessonart ◽  
Marcelo Loureiro ◽  
José Carlos Guerrero ◽  
Claudia Szumik
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Areas Of Endemism

Abstract Ecoregions and areas of endemism are central concepts in biogeography. Based on collection records and the Endemic Analyses implemented with NDM/VNDM method we analyzed fish areas of endemism in the junction of three freshwater ecoregions related to the Rio de la Plata estuary (Lower Parana, Lower Uruguay, Laguna dos Patos) in Southern Neotropical region. Using two grid cell sizes, results obtained showed the same general patterns. Areas of endemism recovered were mainly associated either to Lower Uruguay or to Laguna dos Patos. In both ecoregions nested areas of endemism were identified within larger patterns of endemism. Noteworthy, one area recovered occurred across Lower Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos limits. Our results also suggest a revision of the Lower Uruguay and Lower Parana ecoregion limits, and highlight the relevance of the Rio de la Plata estuary as a barrier and corridor for freshwater fishes in the area.

A new species and a new record of the spider genus Nesticus (Araneae, Nesticidae) from southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (4) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
NARELLE ESTOL ◽  
EVERTON NEI LOPES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The spider family Nesticidae includes 233 species in 13 genera and is distributed almost worldwide (World Spider Catalog, 2016). However, the family is still poorly known in the Neotropical Region. The genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 comprises 132 species and seven subspecies and was described based on N. cellulanus (Clerck, 1757), from Europe (World Spider Catalog, 2016). Meridional South American species of Nesticus were revised by Ott & Lise (2002). More recently, Faleiro & Santos (2011) described a new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and Torres et al. (2016) a new species from the province of Salta, Argentina. Nowadays, Nesticus is represented by six species in Brazil: Nesticus brasiliensis Brignoli, 1979; Nesticus brignolii Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus calilegua Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus ivone Faleiro & Santos, 2011; Nesticus potreiro Ott & Lise, 2002 and Nesticus taim Ott & Lise, 2002 (World Spider Catalog 2016). 

scholarly journals Nasal mites (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae) in Sternidae (Aves: Charadriiformes) on the southern Coast of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva da Silva ◽  
Simone Scheer ◽  
Gertrud Muller
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Abstract Six species of birds of the family Sternidae are often found on the southern coast of South America. Sterna trudeaui, S. hirundinacea, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus and Sternula superciliaris are South American residents and Sterna hirundo, a Nearctic migrant. At least 500 species of nasal mites have been described around the world, and Rhinonyssidae is the most diverse family. These mites are bloodsucking endoparasites that inhabit the respiratory system of birds. This study aimed to report on occurrences of nasal mites in Sternidae on the southern coast of Brazil. Of the 106 birds analyzed, 8.5% (9 birds) were parasitized by nasal mites. This report provides the first record in the Neotropical region for two mite species, Sternostoma boydi and Larinyssus orbicularis parasitizing Thalasseus acuflavidus and Sternula superciliaris. No nasal mites were found in Sterna trudeaui or Thalasseus maximus. One host individual (T. acuflavidus) was parasitized by two species of nasal mites, S. boydi and L. orbicularis.

scholarly journals Distribution patterns of Neotropical primates (Platyrrhini) based on Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goldani ◽  
G. S. Carvalho ◽  
J. C. Bicca-Marques
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

The Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) is a method of historical biogeography that is used for detecting and connecting areas of endemism. Based on data on the distribution of Neotropical primates, we constructed matrices using quadrats, interfluvial regions and pre-determinated areas of endemism described for avians as Operative Geographic Units (OGUs). We codified the absence of a species from an OGU as 0 (zero) and its presence as 1 (one). A hypothetical area with a complete absence of primate species was used as outgroup to root the trees. All three analyses resulted in similar groupings of areas of endemism, which match the distribution of biomes in the Neotropical region. One area includes Central America and the extreme Northwest of South America, other the Amazon basin, and another the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco.

Ocean basins and the biogeography of freshwater fishes

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Parenti
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Pass Through

Geological evolution of the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins, including the Tethys Sea, is relevant to the evolution and distribution of Indo-Pacific freshwater fishes. Area cladograms derived from phylogenetic analyses of atherinomorph fishes are compared, in part, with those for plant bugs, cicadas and bats. Geologically and biologically composite islands in the Indo-Australian archipelago such as New Guinea, Borneo and Sulawesi, are confirmed. If any lines (such as Wallace's, Weber's and so on) are to be drawn, they should pass through these complex islands, not between them, to mark the closing of the ancient Tethys Sea. Sicydiines are a group of circumtropical, insular and coastal, amphidromous gobies: adults live and breed in freshwater, whereas larvae are transported to the sea where they undergo transformation. Sicydiine genera are restricted to ocean basins. Hypotheses of relationships among ocean basins, as indicated by phylogenetic relationships among sicydiine genera and by other, distantly related, aquatic vertebrates and plants, share components. Implications of oceanic biogeographic regions for continental biotas are outlined using South America as an example. A continent is part of the biogeographic regions of all the oceans it contacts.

The discovery of Euryrhynchidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in India, with the description of a new genus and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4462 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMMY DE GRAVE ◽  
CHARAMBILLY PURUSHOTHAMAN ARJUN ◽  
RAJEEV RAGHAVAN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Relative Placement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America

A new genus and species of Euryrhynchidae is described from Kerala, India. This freshwater shrimp family was previously only known from northern South America and West Africa. Although the inclusion of the genus in Euryrhynchidae is unequivocal (e.g. shape of the accessory ramus of the antennular flagellum, frontal margin of the carapace, telson ornamentation), the presence of a number of unique characters makes the relative placement of the genus within the family unclear, but likely basal to the other genera. The new genus can be easily distinguished from all others within the family by these characters, e.g. the upper antennular flagellum and its accessory ramus being joined over three divisions, the presence of a reduced carpo-propodal brush and a well-developed branchiostegal groove. 

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