scholarly journals Bile salt regulation of fatty acid absorption and esterification in rat everted jejunal sacs in vitro and into thoracic duct lymph in vivo

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1587-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Clark ◽  
Heidemarie C. Lanz ◽  
John R. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Everted Jejunal Sacs ◽  
Fatty Acid Absorption

scholarly journals Antigen acquisition by dendritic cells: intestinal dendritic cells acquire antigen administered orally and can prime naive T cells in vivo.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Liu ◽  
G G MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Primary Antibody Response

In the rat, mesenteric lymphadenectomy allows collection of dendritic cells (DC) derived from the small intestine after cannulation of the thoracic duct. We prepared rats this way and administered antigens by oral feeding or intraintestinal injection. DC enriched from the thoracic duct lymph collected over the first 24 h from these animals are able to stimulate sensitized T cells in vitro and to prime popliteal lymph node CD4+ T cells after footpad injection, while B and T cells from the same thoracic duct lymph are inert in priming. 500 or less DC pulsed in vitro with antigen can prime T cells in vivo, whereas 100 times more B cells or macrophages pulsed in vitro are quite inert. 1 mg of ovalbumin administered orally is sufficient to load DC for in vivo priming of T cells. Antigen could not be detected directly in DC but was present in macrophages in the lamina propria. Direct presentation of antigen by DC to T cells was demonstrated by injecting F1 recipients with parental DC and showing restriction of T cell sensitization to the major histocompatibility complex of the injected DC. Antigen-bearing DC do not induce a detectable primary antibody response but a small secondary antibody response can be detected after a boosting injection. These results show that acquisition of antigens by DC in the intestine is very similar to what occurs in vitro or in other tissues, suggesting that there may be no special difference in antigen handling at mucosal surfaces. One implication of these results is that hypotheses designed to explain oral tolerance must take into account the presence of immunostimulatory, antigen-bearing DC in animals that have received oral antigens.

Metabolism of Endogenous Lipid of the Intestine

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang S. Kim ◽  
Jesse L. Bollman ◽  
John H. Grindlay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Intestinal Lymph ◽  
Endogenous Lipid ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Daily Total

Total fatty-acid output in the intestinal lymph in rats and in the thoracic-duct lymph in dogs was studied during fasting and during a fat-free diet period. Daily total fatty-acid output in the intestinal lymph was found to be fairly constant during fasting or when the rat was fed a fat-free diet. There is an inverse relationship between total fatty-acid concentration and the volume of intestinal lymph. In the absence of pancreatic juice or of both bile and pancreatic juice, the total fatty-acid output in the thoracic-duct lymph in dogs was decreased to one-third or one-fourth that of the normal dog. The endogenous lipid metabolism of the intestine is discussed in relation to steatorrhea.

scholarly journals Evidence of In Vivo Absorption of Lactate and Modulation of Short Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Reticulorumen of Non-Lactating Cattle Fed High Concentrate Diets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qumar ◽  
Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard ◽  
Poulad Pourazad ◽  
Stefanie U. Wetzels ◽  
Fenja Klevenhusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
In Vivo Absorption ◽  
Fatty Acid Absorption

scholarly journals Morphologic and Autoradiographic Observations of H3-Thymidine-Labeled Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes Cultured in Vivo

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. SCHOOLEY ◽  
IRWIN BERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparent Evidence

Abstract 1. The behavior of mouse and rat thoracic duct lymphocytes cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of recipient mice and rats has been described. 2. The temporal pattern of labeling of cultured thoracic duct lymphocytes labeled with H3-thymidine has been described. From an analysis of this pattern and the changes in the mean grain count of the different classes of lymphocytes a maximum generation time for large and medium lymphocytes of 15 and 24 hours has been calculated. The results of these experiments favor an origin of small lymphocytes from the division of large and medium lymphocytes. 3. Some evidence for the transformation of thoracic duct lymph cells into monocytoid cells was found. In homologous cultures of labeled thoracic duct lymph cells and unlabeled bone marrow apparent evidence for transformation of labeled cells into plasma cells was found. The data suggest that neither the monocytoid cells nor the plasma cells arose necessarily from small lymphocytes. It was concluded that some unidentified cells, presumably the largest cells which are normally present in thoracic duct lymph, can be transformed into these other cell types when appropriately stimulated.

scholarly journals Prolonged survival in vivo of unprimed B cells responsive to a T-independent antigen.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ron ◽  
J Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Duct Lymph

Despite earlier evidence to the contrary, it has recently been claimed that most B lymphocytes, including lymph node (LN) and thoracic duct B cells, are short-lived cells of recent marrow origin. To seek direct information on this question, we transferred unprimed LN or thoracic duct B cells from normal mice to xid mice, i.e., mice unresponsive to the T-independent antigen, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll. At varying periods after B cell transfer the recipients were challenged with TNP-Ficoll; anti-TNP plaque-forming cells were assayed in the spleen 6 d later. The results showed that the B cell recipients retained responsiveness to TNP-Ficoll for at least 3 mo after transfer. Responsiveness increased within the first 3 wk but then remained relatively constant. These findings imply that, at least for TNP-Ficoll-reactive cells, B cells residing in LN and thoracic duct lymph are not short-lived cells of recent marrow. Indeed, the data suggest that once the pool of recirculating B cells is fully formed in adult mice, further input of newly formed cells from the marrow into the recirculating pool is very limited.

Chylomicron-lipid-splitting activity in homogenates of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elsbach ◽  
Herbert J. Kayden
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Evidence for hydrolysis of chylomicron-triglyceride was sought in homogenates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from rabbit peritoneal exudates. Such activity was found using chylomicra from human thoracic duct lymph. Release of fatty acid was greatest at pH 4.8 and a triglyceride concentration of 5 mm. Most of the activity was found associated with particulate fractions of the homogenate. Almost 50% of the total activity occurred in association with the granules (lysosomes) of the leukocytes. Repeated freezing and thawing of whole homogenate or its particulate fractions resulted in an increase in activity of approximately 50%. The activity was inhibited by phosphate and NaF but not by protamine or iodoacetate. It is concluded that homogenates of leukocytes contain an acid glycerolester hydrolase, which splits triglycerides of naturally occurring lipoproteins. The intracellular distribution of the activity suggests that it is at least in part lysosomal in origin.

Effect of the bile acid: fatty acid ratio on in vivo essential fatty acid absorption in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. S178-S178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G.L. Mullins ◽  
Alex T. Green ◽  
Richard P.H. Thompson ◽  
Neville A. Punchard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Ratio ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Fatty Acid Absorption

scholarly journals THE CARRIAGE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY BY SMALL LYMPHOCYTES IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gowans ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Secondary Type ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Lymphocytes were obtained from the thoracic duct of rats 1½ to 15 months after primary immunization with a single dose of bacteriophage ϕX 174. An intravenous injection of these lymphocytes conferred on heavily X-irradiated rats the ability to form antibody in a secondary-type manner after a first injection of ϕX. Negligible responses were obtained after cell transfer if the recipients were not challenged with antigen. Thoracic duct cells from some immunized donors were incubated in vitro for 24 hr before transfer in order to destroy selectively the large, dividing lymphocytes. The responsiveness conferred on X-irradiated recipients by such "incubated" inocula was then compared with that given by equal numbers of "fresh" thoracic duct cells. In all such comparisons the recipients of the "incubated" cells gave higher and more rapid antibody responses. It was concluded that the cells in thoracic duct lymph which carried immunological memory were small lymphocytes.

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