scholarly journals Stray Light Correction of the Marine Optical System

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Feinholz ◽  
Stephanie J. Flora ◽  
Mark A. Yarbrough ◽  
Keith R. Lykke ◽  
Steven W. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Vicarious Calibration ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

Abstract The Marine Optical System is a spectrograph-based sensor used on the Marine Optical Buoy for the vicarious calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. It is also deployed from ships in instruments used to develop bio-optical algorithms that relate the optical properties of the ocean to its biological content. In this work, an algorithm is applied to correct the response of the Marine Optical System for scattered, or improperly imaged, light in the system. The algorithm, based on the measured response of the system to a series of monochromatic excitation sources, reduces the effects of scattered light on the measured source by one to two orders of magnitude. Implications for the vicarious calibration of satellite ocean color sensors and the development of bio-optical algorithms are described. The algorithm is a one-dimensional point spread correction algorithm, generally applicable to nonimaging sensors, but can in principle be extended to higher dimensions for imaging systems.

An Example Crossover Experiment for Testing New Vicarious Calibration Techniques for Satellite Ocean Color Radiometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Voss ◽  
Scott McLean ◽  
Marlon Lewis ◽  
Carol Johnson ◽  
Stephanie Flora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Vicarious Calibration ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

Abstract Vicarious calibration of ocean color satellites involves the use of accurate surface measurements of water-leaving radiance to update and improve the system calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. An experiment was performed to compare a free-fall technique with the established Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) measurement. It was found in the laboratory that the radiance and irradiance instruments compared well within their estimated uncertainties for various spectral sources. The spectrally averaged differences between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) values for the sources and the instruments were <2.5% for the radiance sensors and <1.5% for the irradiance sensors. In the field, the sensors measuring the above-surface downwelling irradiance performed nearly as well as they had in the laboratory, with an average difference of <2%. While the water-leaving radiance Lw calculated from each instrument agreed in almost all cases within the combined instrument uncertainties (approximately 7%), there was a relative bias between the two instrument classes/techniques that varied spectrally. The spectrally averaged (400–600 nm) difference between the two instrument classes/techniques was 3.1%. However, the spectral variation resulted in the free-fall instruments being 0.2% lower at 450 nm and 5.9% higher at 550 nm. Based on the analysis of one matchup, the bias in Lw was similar to that observed for Lu(1 m) with both systems, indicating the difference did not come from propagating Lu(1 m) to Lw.

Vicarious calibration of satellite ocean color sensors at two coastal sites

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Mélin ◽  
Giuseppe Zibordi
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
Vicarious Calibration ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

scholarly journals Dynamic range and sensitivity requirements of satellite ocean color sensors: learning from the past

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (25) ◽  
pp. 6045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanmin Hu ◽  
Lian Feng ◽  
Zhongping Lee ◽  
Curtiss O. Davis ◽  
Antonio Mannino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
The Past ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color

On-orbit vicarious calibration of ocean color sensors using an ocean surface reflectance model

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 5649 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeremy Werdell ◽  
Sean W. Bailey ◽  
Bryan A. Franz ◽  
André Morel ◽  
Charles R. McClain
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Vicarious Calibration ◽  
Reflectance Model ◽  
Color Sensors

scholarly journals A Method to Extrapolate the Diffuse Upwelling Radiance Attenuation Coefficient to the Surface as Applied to the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1423-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Voss ◽  
Howard R. Gordon ◽  
Stephanie Flora ◽  
B. Carol Johnson ◽  
Mark Yarbrough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Vicarious Calibration ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Color Sensors

AbstractThe upwelling radiance attenuation coefficient KLu in the upper 10 m of the water column can be significantly influenced by inelastic scattering processes and thus will vary even with homogeneous water properties. The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), the primary vicarious calibration site for many ocean color sensors, makes measurements of the upwelling radiance Lu at 1, 5, and 9 m, and uses these values to determine KLu and to propagate the upwelling radiance directed toward the zenith, Lu, at 1 m to and through the surface. Inelastic scattering causes the KLu derived from the measurements to be an underestimate of the true KLu from 1 m to the surface at wavelengths greater than 575 nm; thus, the derived water-leaving radiance is underestimated at wavelengths longer than 575 nm. A method to correct this KLu, based on a model of the upwelling radiance including Raman scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence, has been developed that corrects this bias. The model has been experimentally validated, and this technique can be applied to the MOBY dataset to provide new, more accurate products at these wavelengths. When applied to a 4-month MOBY deployment, the corrected water-leaving radiance Lw can increase by 5% (600 nm), 10% (650 nm), and 50% (700 nm). This method will be used to provide additional and more accurate products in the MOBY dataset.

Out-of-band effects of satellite ocean color sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Wang ◽  
Puneeta Naik ◽  
SeungHyun Son
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Color ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color
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