scholarly journals Illicit-drug injection among psychiatric patients without a primary substance use disorder

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Primary Substance

Substance use disorder and the baby boomers: Does German outpatient addiction care face a change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Specht ◽  
B Braun-Michl ◽  
L Schwarzkopf ◽  
D Piontek ◽  
N Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
Primary Substance

Abstract Background The aging of baby boomers is expected to confront addiction care with new challenges. This study aims to investigate if German addiction care is confronted with a sustained change in its clientele that was initiated by the baby boomers. Methods Using data from Berlin outpatient addiction care facilities, we contrasted type of primary substance use disorder and number of comorbid substance use disorders in baby boomers with an older (n = 6524) as well as a younger cohort (n = 15677). To isolate cohort effects, two-level random-intercept regression models were applied in the overlapping age groups of the baby boomer cohort with each other cohort. Results Compared to the older cohort, alcohol use disorder lost importance while illicit substances use disorder gained importance in the baby boomers. Baby boomers presented a higher number of comorbid substance use disorders than the older cohort. Comparing baby boomers with the younger cohort, these relationships pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions Outpatient addiction care faces a sustained change to more illicit and comorbid substance use disorders. The addiction care system ought to adapt its services to address the changing needs of its clientele. Key messages Baby boomers differed in comparison to the older cohort regarding type of substance use disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. The changes set off by the baby boomers continued in the younger cohort.

Validity of the DSM-5 craving criterion for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and non-prescription use of prescription painkillers (opioids)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
D. Shmulewitz ◽  
M. Stohl ◽  
E. Greenstein ◽  
S. Roncone ◽  
C. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Impaired Control ◽  
Baseline Information

Abstract Background Although the DSM-5 was adopted in 2013, the validity of the new substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis and craving criterion has not been investigated systematically across substances. Methods Adults (N = 588) who engaged in binge drinking or illicit drug use and endorsed at least one DSM-5 SUD criterion were included. DSM-5 SUD criteria were assessed for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and opioids. Craving was considered positive if “wanted to use so badly that could not think of anything else” (severe craving) or “felt a very strong desire or urge to use” (moderate craving) was endorsed. Baseline information on substance-related variables and psychopathology was collected, and electronic daily assessment queried substance use for the following 90 days. For each substance, logistic regression estimated the association between craving and validators, i.e. variables expected to be related to craving/SUD, and whether association with the validators differed for DSM-5 SUD diagnosed with craving as a criterion v. without. Results Across substances, craving was associated with most baseline validators (p values<0.05); neither moderate nor severe craving consistently showed greater associations. Baseline craving predicted subsequent use [odds ratios (OR): 4.2 (alcohol) – 234.3 (heroin); p's ⩽ 0.0001], with stronger associations for moderate than severe craving (p's < 0.05). Baseline DSM-5 SUD showed stronger associations with subsequent use when diagnosed with craving than without (p's < 0.05). Conclusion The DSM-5 craving criterion as operationalized in this study is valid. Including craving improves the validity of DSM-5 SUD diagnoses, and clinical relevance, since craving may cause impaired control over use and development and maintenance of SUD.

scholarly journals The Ability of Forensic Psychiatric Patients with Substance Use Disorder to Learn Neurofeedback

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fielenbach ◽  
Franc C.L. Donkers ◽  
Marinus Spreen ◽  
Stefan Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

scholarly journals Federal and State Action Needed to End the Infectious Complications of Illicit Drug Use in the United States: IDSA and HIVMA’s Advocacy Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. S230-S238
Author(s):  
Sandra A Springer ◽  
Joshua A Barocas ◽  
Alysse Wurcel ◽  
Ank Nijhawan ◽  
Kinna Thakarar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
State Action ◽  
Treatment Services

Abstract In response to the opioid crisis, IDSA and HIVMA established a working group to drive an evidence- and human rights-based response to illicit drug use and associated infectious diseases. Infectious diseases and HIV physicians have an opportunity to intervene, addressing both conditions. IDSA and HIVMA have developed a policy agenda highlighting evidence-based practices that need further dissemination. This paper reviews (1) programs most relevant to infectious diseases in the 2018 SUPPORT Act; (2) opportunities offered by the “End the HIV Epidemic” initiative; and (3) policy changes necessary to affect the trajectory of the opioid epidemic and associated infections. Issues addressed include leveraging harm reduction tools and improving integrated prevention and treatment services for the infectious diseases and substance use disorder care continuum. By strengthening collaborations between infectious diseases and addiction specialists, including increasing training in substance use disorder treatment among infectious diseases and addiction specialists, we can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with these overlapping epidemics.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in Hospitalized Severely Mentally Ill Psychiatric Patients: Prevalence, Correlates, and Subgroups

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Mueser ◽  
P. R. Yarnold ◽  
S. D. Rosenberg ◽  
C. Swett ◽  
K. M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Severely Mentally Ill

Demographic and criminal data among psychiatric patients in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S592-S593
Author(s):  
G. Tzeferakos ◽  
M. Papagaliaga ◽  
C. Papageorgiou ◽  
P. Bali ◽  
A. Douzenis
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

IntroductionTo our knowledge, a limited number of studies address criminality among psychiatric patients as depicted in legal files.ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to provide demographic, psychiatric, legal/criminal data about psychiatric patients in Greece.MethodsLegal case files of 100 adult subjects, 90 male/10 female, 88 Greeks/12 foreigners were reviewed.ResultsSeventy eight percent of the subjects had at least one psychiatric evaluation prior to the commitment of the crime. The main diagnoses at the time of the criminal act were: schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (18%), anti-social/borderline/mixed personality disorder (15%), substance use disorder (15%), alcohol use disorder (10%), depressive affective disorder (6%), mixed anxiety/depressive disorder (6%), bipolar disorder (5%), anti-social personality disorder/substance use disorder (5%), schizophrenia/substance use disorder (3%). In 11% the diagnosis was unknown. Eighty four percent of the crimes committed were homicides/attempted homicides, 6% assaults/(attempted) homicides, 3% property crimes/(attempted) homicides and below 3% assaults, property crimes, sexual offences, drug crimes. The weapon used was a knife/sharp object (42%) or a gun (40%). Perpetrator and victim were strangers in 25% of the cases, just acquaintances in 14%, had a professional relationship in 7%, their relationship was conjugal (15%), they were partners (13%) or relatives (7%). In persons with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis the victims were relatives/spouses in 41.2%, while in other diagnoses the respective percentage was 21.5% (P = 0.044).ConclusionsIn accordance to the international literature, there is a vast need for further research in order to improve forensic psychiatric services and prevent criminality among psychiatric patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cannabis use, addiction risk and functional impairment in youth seeking treatment for primary mood or anxiety concerns

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Osuch ◽  
Evelyn Vingilis ◽  
Erin Ross ◽  
Christeen Forster ◽  
Carolyn Summerhurst
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Primary Substance

Abstract Cannabis use is common in youth and there is evidence that the co-occurrence of cannabis use (and other substance use) with mental illnesses predicts poorer outcomes, including suicide. The main purposes of this study were to: (i) identify rates of cannabis use and substance use disorder risk, and (ii) predictors for cannabis use among youth seeking help for mood and/or anxiety concerns in a sample population prescreened to exclude primary substance use disorders; and (iii) to determine if there was an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. We investigated substance use risk as well as hypothesized predictors of cannabis use and functional impairment including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, trait coping style, age of onset of several risk behaviors, current use of common addictive substances, level of functional impairment, and current psychiatric symptom severity. Results showed that approximately half of the participants were at moderate to high risk for a substance use disorder, and just over 4% appeared to have a primary substance use disorder. They also suggested an association between cannabis use and gender (male), age of first cannabis use, recent cigarette use, and functional impairment. Independently, functional impairment was predicted by inattentive coping style, depression severity, and total cannabis use score. These results confirm a high risk for addictive disorders and an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. These results support the need for substance use treatment programs to optimize care wherever youth with primary mood and/or anxiety concerns are seen.

Association between alcohol and substance use disorders and psychiatric service use in patients with severe mental illness: a nationwide Danish register-based cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2592-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine Bro Jørgensen ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
Psychiatric Service Use

AbstractBackgroundSubstance use disorder is highly prevalent in people with psychiatric disorders, and known to impede the psychiatric treatment. Some studies show increased rates of service use, while others show a decrease. These conflicting results are further hampered by a lack of large-scale studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between substance use disorder and psychiatric service use in psychiatric patients.MethodsThe study was a prospective registry-based cohort study including patients with severe mental illness. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalisations, bed days and the number of psychiatric emergency department contacts. The association was calculated with incidence rate ratio with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe study included all psychiatric patients born since 1955. In total, 21 558 patients with schizophrenia (47.54% with substance use disorder), 80 778 patients with depression (28.78% with substance use disorder), 10 560 patients with bipolar affective disorder (40.08% with substance use disorder) and 69 252 patients with a personality disorder (39.18% with substance use disorder) were included. Patients with comorbid substance use disorder had significantly increased rates of hospitalisations, bed days and psychiatric emergency department contacts (p < 0.001) for the majority of the included substances, compared with patients without such disorders.ConclusionSubstance use disorder was associated with an increased number of hospitalisations, bed days and increased number of psychiatric emergency department contacts for the majority of the included substances.

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