Cannabis use, addiction risk and functional impairment in youth seeking treatment for primary mood or anxiety concerns

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Osuch ◽  
Evelyn Vingilis ◽  
Erin Ross ◽  
Christeen Forster ◽  
Carolyn Summerhurst
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Primary Substance

Abstract Cannabis use is common in youth and there is evidence that the co-occurrence of cannabis use (and other substance use) with mental illnesses predicts poorer outcomes, including suicide. The main purposes of this study were to: (i) identify rates of cannabis use and substance use disorder risk, and (ii) predictors for cannabis use among youth seeking help for mood and/or anxiety concerns in a sample population prescreened to exclude primary substance use disorders; and (iii) to determine if there was an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. We investigated substance use risk as well as hypothesized predictors of cannabis use and functional impairment including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, trait coping style, age of onset of several risk behaviors, current use of common addictive substances, level of functional impairment, and current psychiatric symptom severity. Results showed that approximately half of the participants were at moderate to high risk for a substance use disorder, and just over 4% appeared to have a primary substance use disorder. They also suggested an association between cannabis use and gender (male), age of first cannabis use, recent cigarette use, and functional impairment. Independently, functional impairment was predicted by inattentive coping style, depression severity, and total cannabis use score. These results confirm a high risk for addictive disorders and an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. These results support the need for substance use treatment programs to optimize care wherever youth with primary mood and/or anxiety concerns are seen.

Foster Care Factors and Permanency for Children With Substance-Related Removals

2020 ◽  
pp. 104438942094722
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Lloyd Sieger
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Foster Parent ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Children In Foster Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk

Children in foster care due to parental substance use disorder are at high risk for delayed permanency. Understudied is the effect of foster care factors on these children’s exits from care. This study analyzed 10 years of federal child welfare data to understand the effect of foster care placement, provider, and support factors for this vulnerable group. Results revealed that several foster care variables influenced time to, and likelihood of, permanency for children with substance-related removals. Foster care setting, foster parent age and race, and several types of federal supports affected permanency trajectories. Children in homes receiving more federal supports were less likely to achieve permanency, suggesting the insufficiency of these supports to counteract the effects of socioeconomic risk on permanency.

Assessment and Management of the High-Risk Dental Patient with Active Substance Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
Archana Viswanath ◽  
Antje M. Barreveld ◽  
Matthew Fortino
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Dental Patient

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder in Early Midlife: A National Prospective Study on Health and Well-Being Correlates and Long-Term Predictors

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S31437 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Deborah D. Kloska ◽  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
Jennifer L. Maggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study used national multicohort panel data from the Monitoring the Future study ( N = 25,536 from senior year classes 1977–1997 followed up to the age of 35 years in 1994–2014) to examine how early midlife (age 35 years) alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with adolescent and adult sociodemographics and health and well-being risk factors. Survey items adapted from DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were used to identify individuals who (a) showed symptoms consistent with criteria for AUD or CUD at age 35 years, (b) used the substance without qualifying for a disorder (nondisordered users), and (c) abstained from using alcohol or marijuana during the past five years. At age 35 years, the estimated prevalence of past five-year AUD was 28.0%, and that of CUD was 6.1%. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify variations in the relative risk of disorder symptoms as a function of sociodemographic characteristics, age 18 educational and social indices and substance use, and age 35 health and satisfaction indices and substance use. In the full models, age 18 binge drinking and marijuana use were found to be among the strongest predictors of age 35 AUD and CUD, respectively. Among age 35 health and well-being indicators, lower overall health, more frequent cognitive difficulties, and lower satisfaction with spouse/partner were consistently associated with greater risks of AUD and CUD. Some evidence was found for a J-shaped association between age 35 AUD or CUD status and health and well-being indices, such that nondisordered users were sometimes better off than both abstainers and those experiencing disorder. Finally, nondisordered cannabis use, but not CUD, was found to be more common in more recent cohorts. Implications are discussed regarding the importance of placing early midlife substance use disorder within the context of both adolescent substance use and adult health and well-being.

Substance use disorder and the baby boomers: Does German outpatient addiction care face a change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Specht ◽  
B Braun-Michl ◽  
L Schwarzkopf ◽  
D Piontek ◽  
N Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
Primary Substance

Abstract Background The aging of baby boomers is expected to confront addiction care with new challenges. This study aims to investigate if German addiction care is confronted with a sustained change in its clientele that was initiated by the baby boomers. Methods Using data from Berlin outpatient addiction care facilities, we contrasted type of primary substance use disorder and number of comorbid substance use disorders in baby boomers with an older (n = 6524) as well as a younger cohort (n = 15677). To isolate cohort effects, two-level random-intercept regression models were applied in the overlapping age groups of the baby boomer cohort with each other cohort. Results Compared to the older cohort, alcohol use disorder lost importance while illicit substances use disorder gained importance in the baby boomers. Baby boomers presented a higher number of comorbid substance use disorders than the older cohort. Comparing baby boomers with the younger cohort, these relationships pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions Outpatient addiction care faces a sustained change to more illicit and comorbid substance use disorders. The addiction care system ought to adapt its services to address the changing needs of its clientele. Key messages Baby boomers differed in comparison to the older cohort regarding type of substance use disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. The changes set off by the baby boomers continued in the younger cohort.

scholarly journals Emotional Availability in Samples of Mothers at High Risk for Depression and With Substance Use Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Frigerio ◽  
Alessio Porreca ◽  
Alessandra Simonelli ◽  
Sarah Nazzari
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Risk For Depression

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Better Than

This chapter includes an overview of the use of IPT for patients with substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, opiates, cocaine, and nicotine) and addictive disorders. The available data do not allow us to recommend IPT as a treatment for patients with a substance use disorder. There have been several negative IPT trials in this population, and in this setting IPT has been found to be no better than a control condition. However, some small studies in process are more optimistic for its use in narrowly defined samples. Based on the published literature, approaches other than IPT that focus on sobriety or relapse prevention may be preferable for patients with substance use disorders. IPT has never been intended as a treatment for all patients with all conditions, and substance abuse may be an area where its application has limited utility.

scholarly journals Decision-making inflexibility in a reversal learning task is associated with severity of problem gambling symptoms but not with a diagnosis of substance use disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Jara-Rizzo ◽  
Juan F. Navas ◽  
Jose A. Rodas ◽  
José C. Perales
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Addictive Disorders

Background: Decisions made by individuals with disordered gambling are markedly inflexible. However, whether anomalies in learning from feedback are gambling-specific, or extend beyond gambling contexts, remains an open question. More generally, addictive disorders –including gambling disorder– have been proposed to be facilitated by individual differences in feedback-driven decision-making inflexibility, which has been studied in the lab with the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task (PRLT). In this task, participants are first asked to learn which of two choice options is more advantageous, on the basis of trial-by-trial feedback, but, once preferences are established, reward contingencies are reversed, so that the advantageous option becomes disadvantageous and vice versa. Inflexibility is revealed by a less effective reacquisition of preferences after reversal, which can be distinguished from more generalized learning deficits.Methods: In the present study, we compared PRLT performance across two groups of 25 treatment-seeking patients diagnosed with an addictive disorder and who reported gambling problems, and 25 matched controls [18 Males/7 Females in both groups, Mage(SDage) = 25.24 (8.42) and 24.96 (7.90), for patients and controls, respectively]. Beyond testing for differences in the shape of PRLT learning curves across groups, the specific effect of problematic gambling symptoms’ severity was also assessed independently of group assignment. In order to surpass previous methodological problems, full acquisition and reacquisition curves were fitted using generalized mixed-effect models. Results: Results showed that (1) controls did not significantly differ from patients in global PRLT performance nor showed specific signs of decision-making inflexibility; and (2) regardless of whether group affiliation was controlled for or not, gambling severity was specifically associated with more inefficient learning in phases with reversed contingencies. Conclusion: Decision-making inflexibility, as revealed by difficulty to reacquire decisional preferences based on feedback after contingency reversals, seems to be associated with gambling problems, but not necessarily with a substance-use disorder diagnosis. This result aligns with gambling disorder models in which domain-general compulsivity is linked to vulnerability to develop gambling-specific problems with exposure to gambling opportunities.

Predictors of Early-Onset Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risks for Substance Use Disorder Symptoms in Young Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110493
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Merrin ◽  
Bonnie J. Leadbeater ◽  
Clea M. B. Sturgess ◽  
Megan E. Ames ◽  
Kara Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Onset Group

Early detection of risks for substance use disorders is essential to lifelong health and well-being for some youth. Very early-onset use is proposed as an indicator of risk for substance use disorders, but risk and protective factors related to early-onset use have not been identified. The current study compared risk and protective factors that distinguish early- and late-onset cannabis users from abstainers using data collected from a large community sample. The study also examined onset-group differences in participants’ reports of substance use disorder symptoms a decade later. Heavy episodic drinking (early-onset: OR = 7.29 CI = [1.60, 33.19]) and engagement with peers involved in deviant behaviors (early-onset: OR = 2.50 CI = [1.50, 4.13]) are risk factors for early-onset cannabis use. Protective factors, including parent monitoring (early-onset: OR = 0.73 CI = [0.58, 0.93]), engagement with peers involved in positive behaviors (early-onset: OR = 0.54 CI = [0.39, 0.76]), school engagement (early-onset: OR = 0.83 CI = [0.72, 0.96]), and academic grades (early-onset: OR = 0.37 CI = [0.21, 0.65]) also predicted early versus later onset-group differences. Early age of onset may be distinctly related to risk and protective factors previously associated with risks for substance use in all adolescents.

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