Integrating Calls for Service with Community- and Problem-Oriented Policing: A Case Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Problem Oriented Policing ◽  
Professional Model

Police administrators argue that they cannot experiment with reforms because of calls-for-service demand and lack of resources. This article looks at police staffing levels needed for a district operating under various models of police administration, such as the professional model and community-oriented policing. Using queuing theory as the methodology, the analysis illustrates that emergency service not only makes the most demands on staffing but also creates considerable idle time for administrators to implement reforms without sacrificing responsiveness to calls for service.

Efektivitas Layanan Darurat Jakarta Siaga 112 dalam Penanganan Kebakaran oleh UPT. Pusat Data & Informasi Kebencanaan BPBD Provinsi DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Musa
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Document Review

This research was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of Jakarta Siaga 112 Emergency Services in Fire Management by UPT. Disaster Data & Information Center of BPBD DKI Jakarta Province by paying attention to aspects contained in the Effectiveness of the Jakarta Siaga Emergency Service Program 112. The research method was carried out with a case study method with data collection techniques using interview methods and document review. Interviews were conducted on 10 (ten) key informants, document review focused on documents related to the Jakarta Emergency Alert Service 112 Effectiveness research in Fire Management. The results showed that the Effectiveness of Jakarta Siaga 112 Emergency Services in Fire Management by UPT. The Center for Disaster Data & Information BPBD DKI Jakarta Province Its effectiveness is still low, due to the Implementation of Emergency Services Jakarta Standby 112 in Fire Management implemented by UPT. Disaster Data & Information Center of BPBD DKI Jakarta Province in terms of the Target Group Understanding of the Program, the Achievement of the Program Objectives aspects, and the Program Follow-up aspects. It is recommended to continue to disseminate this Emergency Service to the public, it is necessary to increase the firm commitment of the Head of 8 SKPD related to fire management so that all units play a role in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Fire Management and the evaluation and follow-up of program services that are held periodically 3 once a month.Keywords: Effectiveness, Emergency Services, Fire Handling

A spatial queuing model for the location decision of emergency medical vehicles for pandemic outbreaks: the case of Za'atari refugee camp

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Blank
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service System ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Medical

PurposeRefugee camps can be severely struck by pandemics, like potential COVID-19 outbreaks, due to high population densities and often only base-level medical infrastructure. Fast responding medical systems can help to avoid spikes in infections and death rates as they allow the prompt isolation and treatment of patients. At the same time, the normal demand for emergency medical services has to be dealt with as well. The overall goal of this study is the design of an emergency service system that is appropriate for both types of demand.Design/methodology/approachA spatial hypercube queuing model (HQM) is developed that uses queuing-theory methods to determine locations for emergency medical vehicles (also called servers). Therefore, a general optimization approach is applied, and subsequently, virus outbreaks at various locations of the study areas are simulated to analyze and evaluate the solution proposed. The derived performance metrics offer insights into the behavior of the proposed emergency service system during pandemic outbreaks. The Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan is used as a case study.FindingsThe derived locations of the emergency medical system (EMS) can handle all non-virus-related emergency demands. If additional demand due to virus outbreaks is considered, the system becomes largely congested. The HQM shows that the actual congestion is highly dependent on the overall amount of outbreaks and the corresponding case numbers per outbreak. Multiple outbreaks are much harder to handle even if their cumulative average case number is lower than for one singular outbreak. Additional servers can mitigate the described effects and lead to enhanced resilience in the case of virus outbreaks and better values in all considered performance metrics.Research limitations/implicationsSome parameters that were assumed for simplification purposes as well as the overall model should be verified in future studies with the relevant designers of EMSs in refugee camps. Moreover, from a practitioners perspective, the application of the model requires, at least some, training and knowledge in the overall field of optimization and queuing theory.Practical implicationsThe model can be applied to different data sets, e.g. refugee camps or temporary shelters. The optimization model, as well as the subsequent simulation, can be used collectively or independently. It can support decision-makers in the general location decision as well as for the simulation of stress-tests, like virus outbreaks in the camp area.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research gap in an optimization-based design of emergency service systems for refugee camps. The queuing theory-based approach allows the calculation of precise (expected) performance metrics for both the optimization process and the subsequent analysis of the system. Applied to pandemic outbreaks, it allows for the simulation of the behavior of the system during stress-tests and adds a further tool for designing resilient emergency service systems.

Application of Queuing Theory to a Toll Plaza-A Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
Naveen Malipatil ◽  
Soumya Iswar Avati ◽  
Hosahally Nanjegowda Vinay ◽  
S. Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Toll Plaza

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency and the criticality of the elements belonging to a complex territorial system subject to natural hazards

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Minciardi ◽  
R. Sacile ◽  
E. Trasforini
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Service Demand

Abstract. The effects of natural hazards can be mitigated by the use of proper "pre-event" interventions on "key" elements of the territory, that is on elements that are mostly vulnerable to a given catastrophic scenario and whose loss of functionality can cause damages on people, property and environment. In this respect, methodologies and tools should be studied to support decision makers in the analysis of a territory, in order to point out such elements. In this work, vulnerability is taken into account under two aspects: "physical vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer damage when subject to an external stress corresponding to the occurrence of a natural phenomenon; "functional vulnerability", which measures the propensity of a territorial element to suffer loss in functionality, even when that is caused by the loss of functionality of other territorial elements. In the proposed modeling approach, vulnerability is represented through the use of a graph-based formalization. A territorial system is represented as a complex set of elements or sub-systems. Such elements have differentiated and dedicated functions, and they may be functionally interconnected among them. In addition, vulnerability is defined through the use of two different variables, namely the criticality and the efficiency. Focusing the attention on the temporal phases corresponding to the occurrence of a calamitous event, the first one measures the service demand of an element, whereas the efficiency is a measure of the service that can be offered by such an element. The approach presented is largely independent from the natural risk considered. Besides, the tools introduced for the vulnerability analysis of the territorial system can also be used to formalize decision problems relevant to the location of the available resources for emergency management. A specific case study pertaining to the hydrological risk in the Val di Vara area (Italy) is presented.

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