Intensity of food deprivation: The integrative impacts of the world system, modernization, conflict, militarization and the environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L Kick ◽  
Laura A McKinney ◽  
Gretchen H Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
World System ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

US and world military expenditures have increased dramatically in the last decade. Some cross-national treatments identify positive impacts of military spending on a range of domestic outcomes, while many others point to the converse. We review the literature and then focus on under examined relationships, including the impact of military expenditures on the intensity of food deprivation worldwide. We employ a structural equation modeling technique that permits synthetic analyses of direct and indirect impacts of a range of factors specified by the theories. We find world-system context indirectly matters a great deal to the intensity of food deprivation in nations, both in our sample of developed and developing nations, and of developing countries only. So do intra-national and international conflicts, especially insofar as they impact national modernization and military spending. While modernization is moderately enhanced by military spending for our cross-national sample of developed and developing countries, it is not for the sample of developing countries only. This may point to military technology’s spill over effects on other sectors of the economy, but solely for developed nations. For the world over, national modernization, itself a consequence of global power and dependency, directly reduces the intensity of food deprivation, while military expenditures directly heighten it. These differential relationships lead us to advocate for a more synthetic theorizing in studies of food security and hunger, while accounting for global circumstances that produce both similar and different consequences in richer and poorer countries.

On the Structure of Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wedderhoff ◽  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Oliver Wedderhoff ◽  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
The World ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

scholarly journals Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanduy Tran ◽  
Shengchuan Zhao ◽  
El Bachir Diop ◽  
Weiya Song
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
The Impact

Emerging electric carsharing (EC) systems have demonstrated their advantages and attracted public attention. The number of EC systems is growing throughout the world, especially in metropolitan areas in developing countries. For successful implementation, developers need to understand the public acceptance of EC services. In this study, we sought to determine the factors that affect EC acceptance in the context of developing countries. The study involved 437 individuals, aged between 18 and 65 years, who were randomly sampled from an EC service area in China. The determinants of EC acceptance were investigated based on an extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and tested by using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicated that hedonic motivation (HM) has a powerful effect on behavioral intention (BI) to use the EC service in the future. Performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), and familiarity with the carsharing concept (FM) also influenced EC’s acceptance. However, the impact of social influence (SI) did not emerge from this study. The results also revealed that gender moderates the effects of EE and FM on BI. Age moderated the effect of FM on BI and unexpectedly moderated the impact of HM on BI. The present study confirmed the validity of the UTAUT research model in predicting the intention to use an EC system in developing countries. Implications and recommendations for government and EC developers are also discussed.

scholarly journals Vaccinations, Mobility and COVID-19 Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Guo ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Fu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

In order to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 52.4% of the world population had received at least one dose of a vaccine at17 November 2021, but little is known about the non-pharmaceutical aspect of vaccination. Here we empirically examine the impact of vaccination on human behaviors and COVID-19 transmission via structural equation modeling. The results suggest that, from a non-pharmaceutical perspective, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is related to human behaviors, in this case, mobility; vaccination slows the spread of COVID-19 in the regions where vaccination is negatively related to mobility, but such an effect is not observed in the regions where vaccination and mobility have positive correlations. This article highlights the significance of mobility in realizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines; even with large-scale vaccination, non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, are still required to contain the transmission of COVID-19.

Green lifestyle moderates GHRM’s impact on job performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Fatima Paro Ragas ◽  
Flora Mae Angub Tantay ◽  
Lorraine Joyce Co Chua ◽  
Carolyn Marie Concha Sunio
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Lifestyle

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the moderating role of green lifestyle to the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on employee’s job performance from various industries and a possible spillover of GHRM to employee’s lifestyle. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling and exploratory factor analysis were utilized in order to determine the relationship of the variables. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 332 respondents from various private industries who were randomly selected for this study. Findings This study shows that the implementation of GHRM has an effect on an employee’s lifestyle and also on their job performance. It suggests that organizations can contribute to the environment and also maintain employees’ good performance. Research limitations/implications Considering the locus of the study, it was restricted to industries from the National Capital Region in the Philippines. The study was also limited to industries who are ISO14001 certified, aiming for that certification, or implementing green practices. The survey was also not disseminated according to age groups and gender. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to explore further the effects of these variables to other factors. Practical implications This study may encourage human resource practitioners to implement GHRM practices in the workplace to motivate employees to participate in greening the world. Originality/value This study brings great importance to the implementation of GHRM as it is needed by the current status of the world.

scholarly journals Bored by bothering? A cost-value approach to pandemic boredom

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna S. Martarelli ◽  
Wanja Wolff ◽  
Maik Bieleke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Us States ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Boredom Proneness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn an effort to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have employed non-pharmaceutical containment measures. The effectiveness of such mitigation efforts relies on individual compliance (e.g., avoiding to travel or to gather). Crucially, adhering to the required behavioral recommendations places substantial burdens on those who are asked to follow them. One particularly likely outcome of adherence should be the experience of boredom. Thus, people might get bored by bothering. Drawing from research and theorizing on reward-based decision making, we conducted a high-powered study (N = 1553 US participants) to investigate whether the value and effort people ascribe to adherence to containment measures directly and indirectly (i.e., mediated by adherence) affects their experience of boredom. As expected, structural equation modeling revealed that high value and low effort predicted compliance with behavioral recommendations. Moreover, higher compliance was linked to more boredom, meaning that high value and low effort increased boredom via compliance. In contrast, high value and low effort had direct effects on boredom in the opposite direction (i.e., decreasing boredom). Attesting to their robustness and generalizability, these findings held for both prospective (with respect to upcoming winter holidays) and retrospective behavior (with respect to previous thanksgiving holidays), across US states, which had or had not enforced behavioral restrictions, individual differences in boredom proneness, and demographic variables. Taken together, our results provide evidence that people can indeed get bored by bothering: Complying with nonpharmacological containment measures like avoiding to travel and to gather can come at the cost of getting bored, an experience that was strongly linked to negative affect in our study.

The Military Burden in Developing Countries

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Dommen ◽  
Alfred Maizels
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat

During the 1970s, African arms imports rose faster than in any other region of the world. Indeed, military spending doubled between 1970 and 1977, albeit falling since that peak by about one-quarter by 1982,1 as may be seen in Figure 1. The expansion by developing countries of their armed forces during the 1970s, which was certainly not confined to Africa, stimulated interest among economists regarding its impact on economic growth. Our article attempts a quantitative assessment of some of the moew important factors which influence levels of military expenditures in developing countries, first in general and then in Africa specifically, by means of cross-country multiple regression analysis for the average of the years 1978–80. Although military spending is often an end in itself, providing a living for the soldiers and their suppliers, it is also justified on the grounds that it deters armed conflict or domestic unrest, despite being responsible for so many coups d'état.

scholarly journals E-government Adoption in Developing Countries: Need of Customer-centric Approach: A Case of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Asmi ◽  
Rongting Zhou ◽  
Liu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Technology Adoption Model ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
The Impact

The e-government implementation in developing countries is always less successful and objectively hard to achieve and the reason behind is a less citizen-centric approach. Therefore, the effect of trust and social influence will be studied while understanding the adoption behavior of citizens in developing countries. Specifically, a case of selected e-service (e-filling of taxation by ‘Federal Board of Revenue' (FBR)) will be studied in Pakistan. The sole purpose of the study is to pull the external factors like trust and social influence to increase e-government adoption in the massively populated region of the world. The quantitative approach will be followed where the current users of selected e-service will be inquired under the modified version of a generic framework of ‘Technology Adoption Model' (TAM). The sample size of 153 is filtered and analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SPSS AMOS) to study the intentions of the citizens. In methodological terms, deductive, quantitative method is adopted in interpretive philosophical manner. Collectively, trust and social influence are studied in order to find the impact on the intentions of citizens in the developing countries. However, the trust is the strongest predictor after social influence is recorded. Similarly, the usefulness observed to be a strong predictor of intentions in comparison of ease of use in the current scenario.

scholarly journals STRATEGI BISNIS PADA KINERJA PERUSAHAAN ERA COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-183
Author(s):  
Desfitrina Desfitrina ◽  
Zulfadhli Zulfadhli ◽  
Triana Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of natural phenomena in the abundance of the entire population on earth resulted in a large enough impact, especially health and economy in various sectors of society in the world. The Coronavirus has devastated micro, small and medium enterprises that have gone bankrupt but there are also opportunities for micro, small and medium enterprises. But there are also some sectors that have benefited and become opportunities to reap profits, such as virtual internet telecommunications and mask making, not all have gone bankrupt, as happened in the tourism, culinary, hotel, and restaurant sectors that cannot adapt to today's difficult times. My shopping habit of visiting places has decreased. This habit leads to virtual services to reduce transactions crowding with many people so that the Coronavirus can be reduced. Efforts to reduce activities outside the home will open up opportunities for micro, small and medium enterprises online so that people use the internet and don't crowd. Turning on micro, small and medium enterprises so that the impact of corona can be avoided quickly. Changes in people's behavior that reduce outdoor activities and networks of creative industries and small and medium-sized businesses in the largest business sector in the world that appear to be Covid-19 are quite depressed in dealing with problems and building businesses. This research method is descriptive and verification methods, the analysis tool is structural equation modeling (SEM, Lisrel). The results show that how the influence of business strategy on the performance of small and medium scale companies during the Covid-19 period. Keywords: Business Strategy, Company Performance, Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises, Financial Performance, On The Covid-19 Epidemic   Abstract: Munculnya fenomena dari alam secara tiba-tiba yang menimpah seluruh penduduk dimuka bumi mengakibatkan dampak yang cukup besar terutama kesehatan dan ekonomi diberbagai sektor masyarakat didunia. Virus Corona memporak porandakan  usaha mikro kecil  menengah yang mengalami kebangkrutan tetapi ada juga peluang bagi usaha mikro kecil dan menengah. Tetatpi ada pulah faktor yang mendapat keuntungan  dan menjadi kesempatan untuk meraup keuntungan seperti  bidang telekomunikasi internet virtual dan pembuatan masker tidak semua mengalami  kebangkrutan seperti yang terjadi pada bidang pariwisata, kuliner, hotel dan restoran yang tidak bisa beradaptasi dengan masa sulit saat ini. Kebiasaan  shopping  dengan mendatangin tempat sudah berkurang.  Kebiasaan ini mengarah pada layanan virtual guna mengurangi transaksi yang berkerumun dengan banyak orang agar virus Corona dapat berkurang. Usaha untuk mengurangi aktivitas diluar rumah ini akan membuka peluang usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di jalur daring agar masyarakat menggunakan internet dan tidak berkerumun. Menghidupkan Usaha mikro kecil dan menengah dapat agar dampak corona dapat dihindari secara cepat. Perubahan perilaku masyarakat yang mengurangi aktivitas di luar ruangan dan jaringan Industri kreatif dan usaha kecil menengah pada sektor bisnis terbesar di dunia yang yang tedampak covid-19 cukup tertekan dalam menangani masalah dan membangun usaha. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikasi, alat analisisnya adalah pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM, Lisrel). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi bisnis berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan skala kecil menengah masa covid-19.   Keywork: Business Strategy, Kinerja Perusahaan, usaha mikro kecil menengah,kinerja keuangan, pademi Covid-19

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

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