Big Dam, Big Failures: A Study of the Canal Irrigation System and the Deprived Tail-End Farmers in the Hirakud Command Area of Orissa, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkishor Meher
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Canal Irrigation

scholarly journals A re-look at canal irrigation system performance: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Alok Sikka ◽  
Vidya Mandave ◽  
R. K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Irrigation Potential ◽  
Canal Command Area

Abstract The general perception of canal irrigation systems in India is one of built infrastructure with low service performance. This paper presents an analytical framework, applied to the Sina medium irrigation system in Maharashtra state of India, to study the performance of an expanded water influence zone (WIZ) including a buffer zone outside the canal command area (CCA) influenced by the irrigation system's water resources. The framework used satellite-based estimates of land-use and cropping patterns. The results indicate that there is hardly any gap between the irrigation potential created (IPC) and the irrigation potential utilized (IPU) in the CCA. The fraction of consumptive water use (CWU) of irrigation is low in the CCA, but almost one in the WIZ, due to the reuse of return flows in the WIZ. Future investments should focus on increasing economic water productivity ($/m3) in order to enhance the resilience of the farming community in the WIZ, which is frequently affected by water scarcity.

scholarly journals Design of Water Distribution System: Appropriateness of Structured System in Large Irrigation Projects in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Basistha Adhakari
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
Structured System ◽  
Large Irrigation ◽  
Area Development

Many large irrigation projects in Nepal operate under command area development works that emphasize on-farm water distribution and management. These projects have specific design characteristics that were planned to comply with available water resources, climatic conditions, soil type, and water distribution technology. The water distribution technologies differ based on the design needs of each individual project and the design preferences of various foreign consulting firms. This article focuses on the issues of planning and designing water distribution systems of large irrigation systems at the irrigation service delivery level. The layout planning of an irrigation system is an important aspect of design for water distribution, typically guided by hierarchical system. This article also highlights the existing canal hierarchy of these systems and their appropriateness for efficient water distribution. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the structured system is also examined in the Sunsari Morang Irrigation Project. The article concluded with some suggestions for planning and designing command area development works of forthcoming large irrigation projects such as the Sikta Irrigation Project, the Babai Irrigation Project, and the Mahakali Irrigation Project Stage-III.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 25-30

scholarly journals The Impact of Using Small-Scale Irrigation Motor Pumps on Farmers’ Household Incomes in Ethiopia: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8142
Author(s):  
Wubamlak Ayichew Workneh ◽  
Jun Takada ◽  
Shusuke Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

Sectoral economic growth data in Ethiopia show that the agriculture sector has the lowest growth, which is caused by frequent drought and inefficient technologies, among other factors. As a result, the productivities of land and labor, as well as the income of small-scale farm households, are very low, and rural areas have a relatively high poverty rate. A quasi-experiment was applied to understand the impact of using small-scale irrigation motor pumps on farmers’ livelihood improvement. Specifically, a survey was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 92 small-scale irrigation motor pump and canal irrigation users as the treatment and control groups. The weighted propensity score matching method was applied to eliminate initial differences and adjust sampling proportions across the groups. Based on the average treatment effect on the treated estimation results, we cannot state that the mean income difference in small-scale irrigation motor pump users and canal irrigation system users is different from zero. This indicates that countries with little capital to invest in large-scale irrigation projects can introduce household-level small-scale irrigation motor pumps to improve farmers’ incomes.

scholarly journals Vestiges of Prehispanic, Sloping-Field Terraces on the Piedmont of Central Veracruz, Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sluyter ◽  
Alfred H. Siemens
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
The South ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Sloping Field ◽  
Tropical Lowlands

Some prominent Mesoamericanists long considered lowland central Veracruz to have been agriculturally unproductive prior to the Totonacs' construction of a canal-irrigation system at Zempoala during the Middle Postclassic period (A. D. 1200-1400). This evaluation reflects a long-standing negative predisposition toward tropical lowlands and a preoccupation with the significance of canal irrigation in the emergence of urban societies. However, an appreciation of mesoenvironments and their ecological interrelations has led to a reevaluation of agriculture in central Veracruz. In wetlands to the south of Zempoala, evidence of canals and planting platforms supporting maize cultivation by A. D. 500 demonstrates that people were intensively cultivating that mesoenvironment by the Classic period (A. D. 1-850). Moreover, vestiges of sloping-field terraces occur throughout some 1,000 km2 of piedmont west of those wetlands. Direct evidence for crops and a chronology are still lacking for these latter fields, but ethnohistorical data and plant ecology suggest cotton, maize, agave, and a Prehispanic origin.

Agricultural water allocation efficiency in a developing country canal irrigation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-593
Author(s):  
Agha Ali Akram ◽  
Robert Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Water Withdrawals

AbstractThere is ample evidence that canal systems often fail to reach their design capacity. This study argues that inefficient allocation of water within canals is one cause. This study collects precise measures of farm-level water withdrawals using flow meters in a canal in Pakistan. These data reveal that farmers near the head of the canal get more canal water than farmers near the tail, even accounting for conveyance efficiency. The results suggest that improvements in canal water management would yield efficiency gains for the canal.

scholarly journals Improving economic water productivity to enhance resilience in canal irrigation systems: a pilot study of the Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Alok Sikka ◽  
Vidya Mandave ◽  
R. K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Gorantiwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Consumptive Water

Abstract This paper proposes scenarios to achieve more crop per drop and irrigation for all in water-scarce irrigation systems, with a particular reference to India. It uses economic water productivity (EWP) and water cost curve for EWP as tools to reallocate irrigation consumptive water use (CWU) and identify economically viable cropping patterns. Assessed in the water-scarce Sina irrigation system in Maharashtra, India, the method shows that drought-tolerant annual crops such as fruits and/or fodder should be the preferred option in irrigated cropping patterns. Cropping patterns with orchard or fodder as permanent fixtures will provide sustainable income in low rainfall years. Orchards in combination with other crops will increase EWP and value of output in moderate to good rainfall years. Governments should create an enabling environment for conjunctive water use and allocation of CWU to achieve a gradual shift to high-value annual/perennial crops as permanent fixtures in cropping patterns.

scholarly journals Shallow water regime in the Chambal command area, western India: environmental implications of modification in surface drainage

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Singhal ◽  
M. K. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Western India ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Soil Salinisation ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Introduction of canal irrigation in the Kota region (western India) has significantly modified the groundwater regime of the region and has resulted in water logging and soil salinisation. Present paper focuses on diagnosis and correlation of such problems with surface irrigation in the Left Main Canal region of the Chambal command area. The results of the studies carried out for a two year period (1994- 1996) have been discussed. The area of present investigation is predominantly alluvial covered with limestone-sandstone ridges, belonging to the Vindhyan Supergroup (late Proterozoic), exposed along the western and southwestern fringe. The water table is controlled by the topography and both the pre- and post-monsoon water table profiles are quite similar. The seasonal water table fluctuation varies from 1.62 to 8.82 m. Major part of the area of study having water level depth < 6 m falls under the category of shallow water table zone. The region with <4 m depth, the 'critically water logged' region needs special attention. The insufficient circulation of water, resulting in water stagnation at shallow depths has attributed to soil salinisation. The mitigation methods suggested in the study include judicious use of water, alternate cropping pattern, conjunctive surface and groundwater irrigation and application of subsurface drains.

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