Happy Hour and Social Lubrication: Evidence on Mood-Setting Rituals of Drinking Time

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Orcutt
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Period ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Cultural Regulation ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mood Enhancement ◽  
Dispositional Measure ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Experimental Comparisons

This study employs a combination of questionnaire and diary data to examine positive emotional changes that a sample of 328 students experienced during routine episodes of social drinking. Quasi-experimental comparisons of participants versus nonparticipants in weekday or weekend evening drinking events reveal two basic patterns of change in drinkers' ratings of situational affect. Participants in weekday drinking events — in contrast to weekend drinkers — show a transitional pattern of reduction in stress from a predrinking baseline period to the subsequent period when they began to drink. Increases in sociable affect emerge within the context of both weekday and weekend drinking events, but this contextual pattern of mood enhancement is especially prominent at certain times among drinkers who score relatively high on a dispositional measure of sociability. These results support theoretical analyses of the cultural regulation and mood-setting functions of social drinking rituals.

scholarly journals Validation and Extrapolation of a Multimodal Infection Prevention and Control Intervention on Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Epidemic Region: A Historical Control Quasi-Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqi Dai ◽  
Tianjiao Meng ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Historical Control ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Objective: To verify the effects of comprehensive infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions for the prevention of the cross-transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) within intensive care units (ICUs) in an epidemic region.Methods: A historical control, quasi-experimental design was performed. The study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2019, following the implementation of a multimodal IPC bundle. The baseline period was established from January 2013 to June 2013, when only basic IPC measures were applied.Results: A total of 748 patients were enrolled during the entire study. The incidence of ICU-acquired CRKP colonization/infection was 1.16 per 1,000 patient-days during the intervention period, compared with 10.19 per 1,000 patient-days during the baseline period (p = 0.002). The slope of the monthly incidence of CRKP at admission showed an increasing trend (p = 0.03). The incidence of ICU-acquired catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by CRKP decreased from 2.54 to 0.96 per 1,000 central-line-days (p = 0.08). Compliance with contact precautions and terminal room disinfection improved during the intervention period. All environmental surface culture samples acquired after terminal room disinfection were negative for CRKP.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in epidemic settings, multimodal IPC intervention strategies and consistent monitoring of compliance, may limit the spread of CRKP in ICUs.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Gradual Healthier Assortment among Vocational Schools Participating in a School Canteen Programme: Evidence from Sales and Student Survey Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Ellen van Kleef ◽  
Florine Kremer ◽  
Hans C. M. van Trijp
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Many adolescents have poor eating habits. As a major part of their caloric intake takes place at school, the present study aims to examine the effect of increasing the availability of healthier foods in school canteens on sales, student attitude and self-reported behaviour. A quasi-experimental study was carried out at two vocational schools in the Netherlands over a 10-month period, where the visible share of healthier products was gradually or abruptly increased from 60% to 80%. Outcome measures were sales data for healthier and less healthy foods and drinks in the canteens, as well as surveys. The proportion of healthier products sold increased from 31.1% during the baseline period to 35.9% in the final period. A gradual increase led to higher relative sales of healthier products (40%) than an abrupt change (34.5%). Survey data showed that students’ moderate satisfaction remained insensitive to the changes over time. Overall, results suggest that increasing the availability of healthier products in school canteens leads to small positive changes in sales of products, particularly in the product groups beverages and sandwiches. A gradual introduction may ensure that students slowly get used to assortment changes.

Evaluation of Postprescription Review and Feedback as a Method of Promoting Rational Antimicrobial Use: A Multicenter Intervention

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Cosgrove ◽  
Susan K. Seo ◽  
Maureen K. Bolon ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz ◽  
Michael W. Climo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Period ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
The Impact

Objective.To evaluate the impact of postprescription review of broad-spectrum antimicrobial (study-ABX) agents on rates of antimicrobial use.Design.Quasi-experimental before-after study.Setting.Five academic medical centers.Patients.Adults receiving at least 48 hours of study-ABX.Methods.The baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods were 6 months each in 2 units at each of 5 sites. Adults receiving at least 48 hours of study-ABX entered the cohort as case-patients. During the intervention, infectious-diseases physicians reviewed the cases after 48 hours of study-ABX. The provider was contacted with alternative recommendations if antimicrobial use was considered to be unjustified on the basis of predetermined criteria. Acceptance rates were assessed 48 hours later. The primary outcome measure was days of study-ABX per 1,000 study-patient-days in the baseline and intervention periods.Results.There were 1,265 patients in the baseline period and 1,163 patients in the intervention period. Study-ABX use decreased significantly during the intervention period at 2 sites: from 574.4 to 533.8 study-ABX days/1,000 patient-days (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.97; P = .002) at hospital В and from 615.6 to 514.4 study-ABX days/1,000 patient-days (IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88; P < .001) at hospital D. Both had established antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Study-ABX use increased at 2 sites and stayed the same at 1 site. At all institutions combined, 390 of 1,429 (27.3%) study-ABX courses were assessed as unjustified; recommendations to modify or stop therapy were accepted for 260 (66.7%) of these courses.Conclusions.Postprescription review of study-ABX decreased antimicrobial utilization in some of the study hospitals and may be more effective when performed as part of an established ASP.

Smoke-free signage in public parks: impacts on smoking behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather N Platter ◽  
Steven B Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Period ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveBehavioural interventions, such as smoke-free signage, are used to support air quality in public outdoor spaces that are not protected by a smoke-free policy, such as states with preemptive clause legislation. However, there is little evidence of the effectiveness of these interventions. This paper is an evaluation of whether smoke-free signage posted in public parks altered smoking behaviours of park patrons.MethodsA time-series quasi-experimental design was used. Cigarette butts were collected at the same day and time every week in ten amenities within four parks in 2011. Each park completed a baseline period until a stable trend emerged at six weeks, then received smoke-free signage for the six week intervention period. There were 1684 cigarette butts collected during baseline and 1008 collected during the intervention phase.FindingsWilcoxon signed-rank test demonstrated that smoking at seven out of ten amenities decreased and the overall decrease was significant at p=0.028. Individual parks and amenities grouped by type did not experience a statistically significant change. A neighbourhood median income trend was visually discovered, revealing that as income increased, there was a greater decrease in cigarette butts.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the impact of smoke-free signage not supported by local ordinance in public parks using a reproducible measure. States, especially those with a preemptive clause legislation, may benefit from incorporating smoke-free signage in public areas to protect community members from exposure to tobacco smoke, reduce littering, and denormalise smoking.

Intranasal octenidine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers and universal octenidine bathing reduced MRSA acquisition in an acute-care general ward

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Aung-Hein Aung ◽  
Win Mar Kyaw ◽  
Yee Kiat Heng ◽  
Hong Liang Tey ◽  
Brenda Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Before And After Study

Abstract In this quasi-experimental before-and-after study in a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) high-prevalence acute-care dermatology ward from August 2016 to November 2018, patients admitted during intervention period who received additional topical intranasal octenidine were 63% less likely to acquire MRSA than those receiving universal daily octenidine bathing alone during baseline period (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14–0.98).

Closing the Performance Gap: CAI and Secondary Education for the Mildly Handicapped

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Woodward ◽  
Douglas Carnine ◽  
Maria Collins
Keyword(s):  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Resource Room ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Academic Competencies ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Experimental Comparisons

Secondary mildly handicapped students are frequently expected to pass a set of academic competencies in order to graduate from high school along with their non-handicapped peers. Typically, resource room instruction for these mildly handicapped students involves considerable practice on elementary facts and concepts and relatively little time devoted to more complex information and problem-solving activities. Well designed computer assisted instruction can not only teach the latter, but it can lead students to perform at skill levels commensurate with their non-handicapped peers. This article describes three studies involving the use of CAI with secondary mildly handicapped students. Experimental comparisons were conducted between mildly handicapped groups and quasi-experimental comparisons were made between the experimental group in each study and non-handicapped peers. The studies consistently indicate that well designed CAI can have a significant effect on learning.

Resolution in the scanning tunneling microscope

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
R. J. Wilson ◽  
D. D. Chambliss ◽  
S. Chiang ◽  
V. M. Hallmark
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Profile ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used for many atomic scale observations of metal and semiconductor surfaces. The fundamental principle of the microscope involves the tunneling of evanescent electrons through a 10Å gap between a sharp tip and a reasonably conductive sample at energies in the eV range. Lateral and vertical resolution are used to define the minimum detectable width and height of observed features. Theoretical analyses first discussed lateral resolution in idealized cases, and recent work includes more general considerations. In all cases it is concluded that lateral resolution in STM depends upon the spatial profile of electronic states of both the sample and tip at energies near the Fermi level. Vertical resolution is typically limited by mechanical and electronic noise.

Oxygen radicals participate in alloxan-induced pulmonary EDEMA

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Tomoo Kawada ◽  
Michio Arakawa ◽  
Kenjiro Kambara ◽  
Takashi Segawa ◽  
Fumio Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Electron Microscopic

We know that alloxan causes increased-permeability pulmonary edema and that alloxan generates oxygen radicals (H2O2, O2−, ·OH) in blood. Therefore, we hypothesize that alloxan-generated oxygen radicals damage pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, and, possibly, alveolar epithelial cells as well. We examined whether oxygen radical scavengers, such as catalase or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), protected against alloxaninduced pulmonary edema.Five dogs in each following group were anesthetized: control group: physiological saline (20ml/kg/h); alloxan group: physiological saline + alloxan (75mg/kg) bolus injection at the beginning of the experiment; catalase group: physiological saline + catalase (150,000u/kg) bolus injection before injection of alloxan; DMSO group: physiological saline + DMSO (0.4mg/kg) bolus injection before alloxan. All dogs had 30-min baseline period and 3-h intervention period. Hemodynamics and circulating substances were measured at the specific points of time. At the end of intervention period, the dogs were killed and had the lungs removed for electron microscopic study and lung water measurement with direct destructive method.

Vocal Communications of a Developmentally Delayed Child

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Romski ◽  
Sharon Ellis Joyner ◽  
Rose A. Sevcik
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Word Acquisition ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Vocal Communications ◽  
Impaired Children

Studies of first-word acquisition in typical language-learning children frequently take the form of diary studies. Comparable diary data from language-impaired children with developmental delays, however, are not currently available. This report describes the spontaneous vocalizations of a child with a developmental delay for 14 months, from the time he was age 6:5 to age 7:7. From a corpus of 285 utterances, 47 phonetic forms were identified and categorized. Analysis focused on semantic, communicative, and phonological usage patterns.

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